自体颅骨修补术治疗颅骨缺损

目的探讨冷冻保存的自体颅骨在颅骨缺损修补术中的应用价值。方法将150例患者去骨瓣减压获得的颅骨密封于双层无菌塑料袋,保存于-17℃冰箱。术后1～3月,患者适合做颅骨成形术时,取出冻存的颅骨,在常温解冻后复位固定于原骨窗。术后定期随访,观察头颅外观,并利用CT扫描观察骨瓣缘的吸收情况。结果147例患者达到一期愈合;2例患者因抓抠伤口骨瓣暴露发生感染,经换药引流无效,进行了二次手术取出骨瓣。20例出现皮下积液,均行穿刺加压包扎,伤口一期愈合。1例患者术后一年出现溶骨、骨瓣断裂现象,再次手术取出骨片,钛网修补。结论冷冻保存的自体颅骨可以安全、可靠地用于颅骨修补,外观上更接近解剖学特点,更能接近患者容貌,患者无心理障碍,且费用低廉,患者更易于接受,值得推广。     

自体颅骨瓣移植于髂骨外板二期修补颅骨缺损

目的 探讨颅骨瓣移植于髂骨外板保存，二期取出修补颅骨缺损的临床疗效。方法 颅脑损伤需去骨瓣减压患者去骨瓣后将骨瓣移植于髂骨外板骨膜下，术后定期X线测量．半年后取出骨瓣并测量，完成颅骨修补，同时对颅骨瓣移植于腹壁进行对比观察。结果 经测量移植于髂骨外板骨膜下的骨瓣吸收不明显，成功完成颅骨修补，术后骨瓣与颅骨愈合良好．而移植于腹部的骨瓣均有较为严重的骨吸收，体积缩小。结论 自体颅骨瓣移植于髂骨外板骨膜下能较长时间地保存颅骨瓣的活性，最大限度地降低骨质吸收，是自体颅骨瓣体内保存的理想方法。     

冷冻保存自体颅骨行颅骨修补术56例临床分析

目的探讨应用普通冰箱冷冻室保存开颅手术中取下的自体颅骨,灭菌、钻孔、回植的可行性和优越性。 方法本研究选取自2006年5月至2010年11月廊坊市第四人民医院神经外科收治的56例患者,去骨瓣减压术后颅骨瓣无菌保存于普通冰箱冷冻室,二期修补手术时将自体颅骨取出后自然复温,放入碘伏液中浸泡消毒2 h,后用双氧水浸泡2 h,然后用生理盐水反复冲洗,并用骨科常用直径3 mm克氏针钻头按1个/mm²的距离将消毒后的颅骨进行钻孔,后回植于患者体内,用颅骨锁固定于正常颅骨上。观察临床效果,并对患者定期颅脑CT复查随访。 结果通过对56例患者的游离骨瓣进行普通冰箱冷冻保存,3个月后再行颅骨修补的临床观察,发现骨瓣能完全解剖复位,与周围骨窗骨性愈合良好,外形美观,无排斥反应等并发症及任何不良反应。 结论自体颅骨冷冻保存后灭菌再植是一种经济、简便、效果良好、值得推广的好方法,灭菌自体颅骨是颅骨修补的理想材料。     

颅骨固定钉在颅骨修补术中的应用

目的探讨颅骨固定钉在颅骨修补术中固定自体骨瓣的方法.方法自2002年2月至2003年6月对开颅减压术后骨瓣包埋皮下组织的患者行颅骨修补术,采用颅骨固定钉固定颅骨骨瓣,观察术中,术后检查情况.结果在二期手术中利用颅骨固定钉固定自体骨瓣固定牢固,平整,术后头颅X线拍片及CT检查示还纳的颅骨骨瓣无移位.结论应用颅骨固定钉固定还纳的自体骨瓣操作简便快速,固定牢固可靠,具有较好的安全性和疗效.     

小儿冷藏自体颅骨再植的研究

目的研究小儿超低温自体颅骨冷藏再植术的优越性。方法收集两院小儿88例临床病例，采用超低温(-85℃)保存颅骨骨瓣3-6个月回植，手术在全麻下进行。结果术后均Ⅰ期愈合，无感染、无积液、无排斥反应、美观、成本低，显微镜下组织结构与新鲜颅骨标本组织结构大致相同，未见颅骨细胞破坏。颅骨修补术前移植骨瓣的细菌培养为阴性。术后随访3～12个月，平均6．5个月，所有病例均无并发症发生。头颅X线及头颅螺旋CT检查：1～2个月内可见骨瓣边缘有1～2mm的骨质吸收；4～6个月后骨瓣周围边缘缝隙变窄；12个月后可达骨性愈合。同时多体位颅骨螺旋CT显像示：骨显影清晰。证明回植骨瓣成活良好。结论小儿超低温同种自体颅骨冷藏再植术是修补颅骨缺损的最佳方法。     

自体颅骨修补术后影响骨瓣吸收的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年12月期间经临沂市人民医院神经外科行自体颅骨修补的患者178例,含201块自体骨瓣,根据术后CT特点对骨吸收进行分级,探讨各危险因素与骨吸收分级之间的关系。结果骨吸收分级在性别、修补时间和骨瓣面积间的差异无意义(P0.05),患者平均年龄随骨吸收分级上升呈下降趋势,但骨吸收各分级间的平均年龄之间差异无意义(P0.05)。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关(P0.05),重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者(P0.05)。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者与未行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者相比,前者术后骨瓣塌陷的发生率高于后者(P0.05)。结论自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收分级与患者性别、年龄、修补时间和骨瓣面积无关。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关,重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术后容易发生骨瓣塌陷。     

标准大骨瓣减压术后早期颅骨修补材料的选择及并发症的临床分析

目的探讨重度颅脑损伤标准大骨瓣减压术后早期离体骨瓣与成形钛网修补颅骨的临床效果。方法对我院收治128例大骨瓣减压患者行早期颅骨修补,采用离体骨瓣与成形钛网修补颅骨,探讨早期颅骨修补对去骨瓣减压患者预后的影响。结果早期颅骨修补使患者的意识及神经系统症状得到了不同程度的改善,并发症主要有感染,皮下积液,骨吸收。结论对去骨瓣减压术后患者行早期颅骨修补可尽早恢复患者颅腔生理的完整性,提高患者生活质量,钛网修补和自体骨瓣修补各有其优缺点,皮下积液,感染为二者共有的并发症,骨吸收见于自体骨瓣修补,实际应用中应因人而异,个体选择。     

自体粉碎颅骨骨块保存二期回植修补颅骨缺损(附12例分析)

目的探讨自体粉碎颅骨骨片修补颅骨缺损的方法及优缺点。方法回顾性分析2004年至2008年用保留的自体粉碎颅骨骨块行二期再植修补颅骨缺损12例患者的临床资料。结果 12例患者切口均一期愈合,术后外观满意,无感染,无积液。术后随访3～12个月,无骨瓣下陷、颅骨坏死及骨髓炎发生。结论用保留的自体粉碎颅骨骨块二期修补颅骨缺损效果良好。     

深低温保存自体颅骨瓣移植的应用研究

颅脑损伤患者 ,去骨瓣减压术可造成颅骨缺损 ,我们在动物实验基础上 ,采用深低温保存技术冷冻保存自体颅骨瓣 ,待患者恢复后择期行骨瓣原位回植修补颅骨缺损 ,并对回植手术后患者的一般情况和骨瓣的转归进行随访检查。现报告如下。一、对象与方法1.临床资料 :本组 5 1例皆为颅脑损伤后行去颅骨瓣减压术患者 ,男性 32例 ,女性 19例 ,年龄 8～ 5 3岁 ,平均 18.3岁。取下的骨瓣最大 10cm× 8cm ,最小 6cm× 5cm ,其中 4例骨瓣破裂为两块 ,回植时用丝线固定。2 .颅骨瓣的保存 :当患者行开颅去骨瓣减压术时 ,将不带骨膜的游离骨瓣在尽可能短的时…     

自体带蒂颅骨瓣帽状腱膜下保存的研究

目的 研究自体带蒂颅骨瓣帽状腱膜下保存的优点。方法 将去骨瓣减压患者随机分为两组，研究组病人术后将带蒂骨瓣存放于帽状腱膜下保存；对照组术后将游离骨瓣放下帽状腱膜下或深低温下保存，两组病人取同一切口行手术二次回植。回植前行病理检查，回植后行头颅X线片检查。结果 带蒂颅骨瓣回植前病理检查骨细胞成活率高，术后头颅X线片随访颅骨成活，愈合良好。结论 帽状腱膜下带蒂自体颅骨瓣保存回植优于其它保存方法。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。