神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的总结内镜辅助下经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术效果。方法13例鞍结节脑膜瘤采用眶上锁孔入路,先在显微镜直视下切除部分肿瘤,再在内镜辅助下切除残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除12例（SimpsonⅠ级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除10例）,次全切除1例（SimpsonⅢ级切除）。11例术后随访3个月～6年,平均2.3年,〈1年恢复正常工作和生活9例,术后2年肿瘤复发1例,1年后恢复生活自理1例。结论内镜辅助下眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤克服了显微镜直视下的盲区,并发症少,创伤小,效果满意。     

经翼点入路显微手术切除嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的 介绍一种切除嗅沟脑膜瘤的微创手术方法。方法 采用经翼点入路显微手术切除嗅沟脑膜瘤20例(标准翼点入路6例，翼点锁孔入路14例)，观察肿瘤切除程度和手术效果。结果 全组手术显露良好，肿瘤均全切除(simpson Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级切除)，无额叶脑挫裂伤，仅8例手术输血各400ml，无严重并发症和手术死亡。结论 经翼点入路显微手术是治疗大部分嗅沟脑膜瘤的一种微创方法。     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的报道应用显微外科手术治疗不同类型的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析36例经显微外科手术治疗的内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的临床资料。其中21例采用翼点入路，10例采用额下入路，3例采用经额-颞硬膜外入路，1例采用额颞眶颧入路。结果临床治疗36例，其中肿瘤SimpsonⅠ级切除3例（8.3％），SimpsonⅡ级切除22例（61．1％），SimpsonⅢ级切除11例（30．5％）。死亡4例（11．1％）。平均随访36．8个月，随访期间肿瘤复发7例（19．4％）。结论显微手术可提高肿瘤的全切率，术中应妥善处理和保护血管、神经和海绵窦内结构。肿瘤的复发与是否侵袭海绵窦、包裹颈内动脉（ICA）及其分支有关。     

嗅沟脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗21例临床分析

目的 报道嗅沟脑膜瘤显微外科手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析显微手术治疗嗅沟脑膜瘤21例的临床和随访资料,对嗅沟脑膜瘤的显微手术技巧和颅底重建方法进行探讨. 结果 21例脑膜瘤显微手术,Simpson Ⅰ级全切除19例(90.5%),SimpsonⅡ级全切除2例(9.5%).术前视力变差的15例,术后视力改善14例,术后视力无改善1例:术后无脑脊液漏发生,Simpson Ⅰ级全切除的病例术后平均随访30个月未见肿瘤复发. 结论 应用显微外科手术全切除嗅沟脑膜瘤和严密的颅底重建,能够取得较好的临床疗效.     

眉弓锁孔入路切除鞍区肿瘤25例

目的探讨鞍区及鞍周肿瘤经眉弓锁孔入路显微手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析25例经眉弓锁孔显微手术切除的鞍区及鞍周肿瘤的f临床资料和手术方法，其中颅咽管瘤7例，垂体巨大腺瘤11例，鞍结节脑膜瘤4例．微膈脑膜瘤1例，蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤1例，鞍区及Ⅲ室巨大胶质瘤1例。部分病例术中采用神经内镜辅助观察。结果术后复查MRI显示，颅咽管瘤5例全切除，2例次全切除；垂体巨大腺瘤全切除10例，次全切除1例；脑膜瘤全切除5例。次全切除1例；巨大胶质瘤1例镜下全切除。无手术死亡、颅内出血、感染等并发症，术后尿崩6例，3日至1月后恢复正常，视力下降2例，并发脑血管痉挛而行去骨瓣减压术1例。近期随访疗效良好。结论眉弓锁孔入路适用于鞍区及鞍周肿瘤的手术切除，具有手术路径短、创伤性小、切除率满意、疗效佳等特点。内镜术中辅助观察可提高肿瘤全切率，减少神经血管结构的损伤。     

单侧额下入路显微切除大型及巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的 总结经单侧额下入路显微手术切除大型及巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤的体会.方法 大型及巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤患者31例,所有患者均经单侧额下入路开颅,显微手术切除病变.结果 Simpson Ⅰ级切除21例,Ⅱ级切除8例,Ⅲ级切除2例.结论 单侧额下入路显微手术能够用于切除大型及巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤,与双侧额下入路比较,创伤小,恢复快,术后并发症少,符合微侵袭的理念.     

神经内镜辅助锁孔显微外科治疗颅内胆质瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔显微神经外科治疗颅内胆质瘤的方法和意义。方法 应用神经内镜辅助锁孔显微神经外科技术治疗颅内胆质瘤16例。以MRI显示的肿瘤核心部位选择锁孔入路，在手术显微镜下尽可能切除可见的肿瘤部分，再辅助使用神经内镜寻找残余的肿瘤并切除。结果 在常规显微神经外科切除肿瘤后，应用神经内镜探查，13例仍能发现残余肿瘤，在内镜下进一步切除；3例无残余肿瘤；肿瘤全切除14例，次全切除2例。15例手术后2周内原有症状明显缓解或恢复，1例发生了无菌性脑膜炎，经治疗2周后痊愈。无术后脑积水及继发性颅内出血。术后3～12个月随访10例，9例痊愈，1例存在三叉神经痛，需药物治疗。结论 神经内镜辅助锁孔显微神经外科治疗颅内胆质瘤，尤其是生长广泛的巨大胆质瘤，有助于提高颅内肿瘤全切率，减少手术创伤，降低术后并发症。     

内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍上区肿瘤

目的 探讨内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍上区肿瘤的显微手术技术,以最大限度地切除肿瘤,减少手术创伤。方法 16例鞍上区肿瘤患者依据手术前影像学检查结果,制订个体化手术方案,采用眉部皮肤切口,在眶上行直径2cm左右开颅,应用内镜辅助的显微手术技术切除病变。结果 16例患者经眶上锁孔入路技术获肿瘤全部切除,无手术并发症发生。结论 眶上锁孔入路可明显减少手术创伤、提供鞍上区足够的手术空间,有利于肿瘤的全切除。     

内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除颅咽管瘤手术方法及术后护理对策

目的:总结内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤方法及术后护理对策.方法:采用眶上锁孔入路,内镜辅助显微技术切除颅咽管瘤11例.其中鞍内-鞍上型2例,鞍上-视定叉周围-脑室外型8例,脑室内-外型1例.结果:术后复查MRI,肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除3例,残余瘤体给予放疗,无手术死亡.随访3个月-2.3年,肿瘤复发1例.颅咽管瘤术前原有症状均有明显不同程度的好转.结论:内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路能清楚显露颅咽管瘤与周围结构的关系,提高了显微手术的精细度与安全性,及时有效的术后护理,提高了疾病的治愈率,防止并发症的发生.     

枕大孔区脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的报道枕大孔区脑膜瘤的显微神经外科手术的临床结果。方法选择经枕大孔后缘入路包括枕髁远外侧入路、枕下后正中入路和枕下下外侧入路，应用显微外科手术治疗的枕大孔区脑膜瘤7例，并结合文献分析影响枕大孔区脑膜瘤的手术入路的选择和影响预后的因素。结果肿瘤最大直径为0．8～4．8cm，肿瘤瘤体位置位于脑干前方3例，侧方2例，后方2例。经枕髁远外侧入路2例，枕下后正中入路3例，枕下外侧入路2例，肿瘤手术全切除6例（Simpson Ⅰ级4例，Simpson Ⅱ级2例），次全切除1例。术后6例随访6～36个月，神经系统占位症状较术前明显好转，未见肿瘤残留和复发。结论选择合适的经枕大孔后缘的手术入路，应用显微外科手术治疗枕大孔区脑膜瘤可获得较好的临床效果。     

大型垂体腺瘤经眉切口眶上锁孔入路显微切除的探讨

目的　总结和介绍经眉切口眶上锁孔入路 ,显微手术切除大型和巨型垂体腺瘤的临床体会。　方法　对经头颅CT及MRI检查确诊为大型和巨型垂体腺瘤的 44例 ,作一侧眉内长约 5cm的切口 ,眶上铣 2 5cm× 3 5cm半圆形的游离骨瓣 ,抬起额叶暴露鞍区 ,在手术显微镜下沿鞍膈和肿瘤包膜之间分离解剖肿瘤界限与肿瘤囊内分块切除交替进行 ,最终将肿瘤分离全切除。术后半年随访 ,进行头颅MRI检查 ,观察肿瘤切除情况 ,并检测血清激素水平和视力、视野 ,判断临床疗效。　结果　临床40例达到肿瘤全切除 ,2例近全切除 ,2例大部切除。术后原有临床症状均有明显改善 ,无死亡病例。　结论　采用经眉切口眶上锁孔入路 ,能够在手术显微镜下切除大型和巨型垂体腺瘤 ,而且损伤反应小 ,并发症少 ,康复快     

Microsurgical total removal of olfactory groove meningiomas and reconstruction of the invaded skull bases

In order to study the microsurgical techniques of olfactory groove meningiomas invading the skull base and the reconstruction of the skull base, clinical materials of 17 patients with olfactory groove meningiomas were analyzed retrospectively. Simpson Grade I resection was achieved in all cases. No death, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, or intracranial infection occurred postoperatively, and no tumor recurrence was observed after a 1- to 9-year follow-up. For olfactory groove meningiomas invading the skull bases, microsurgical total removal of the lesions as well as the complete reconstruction of the skull bases is essential in order to achieve total tumor resection and impede tumor recurrence without serious complication.     

眶上微骨窗入路显微手术切除鞍上脑膜瘤

目的 介绍经眶上微骨窗入路切除鞍上脑膜瘤的显微外科技术和经验.方法 经眉内小切口5例,经翼点入路16例,采用眶上约3.5 cm×2.5 cm小骨窗开颅,显微外科技术切除鞍上脑膜瘤21例,肿瘤最大径2.8～6.2 cm,回顾分析其临床资料.结果 所有肿瘤显露良好,Simpson Ⅰ级切除5例,Simpson Ⅱ级切除15例,Simpson Ⅲ级切除1例.无手术死亡及严重并发症,术前视力障碍患者术后均有不同程度改善.术后随访6个月至5年,平均3.8年,影像学上肿瘤残留1例.结论 眶上微骨窗入路可替代传统额下或翼点入路切除鞍上脑膜瘤并具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优点.     

The supraorbital keyhole approach via an eyebrow incision for resection of tumors around the sella and the anterior skull base.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the technique, indications, advantages and limitations of the minimal invasive supraorbital keyhole approach via an eyebrow skin incision for resection of tumors around the sella and the anterior skull base. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 9 patients (5 males, 4 females) different tumors (6 meningiomas, 1 craniopharyngioma, 1 Rathke's cleft cyst and 1 hypophysitis) with a maximum diameter of 30 millimeters were resected via a small eyebrow incision and a supraorbital keyhole craniotomy. Details of the operative procedure include the use of a high-speed drill, a microsaw, bayonet-shaped instruments, careful microsurgical dissection, the use of a neuroendoscope and miniplates for closure. In all patients complete tumor removal was achieved. Mean duration of surgery was 01 h 51 min and mean hospital stay was 8.9 days. There were no significant postoperative complications. Clinical examination and MR imaging after a mean follow-up of 313 days revealed no tumor recurrence and a very satisfying overall functional and cosmetic result in all patients. CONCLUSION: The eyebrow incision supraorbital keyhole approach proved to be safe, effective and time-sparing. The authors recommend this approach for resection of small tumors around the sella and the anterior skull base in selected cases as a valuable alternative to standard skull base approaches.     

经枕下乙状窦后入路切除桥小脑角脑膜瘤

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术入路及显微手术技巧。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月~2013年11月间收治的49例桥小脑角脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者均经枕下乙状窦后入路运用显微技术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤达SimpsonⅠ级全切除25例(51.0%),Ⅱ级切除17例(34.7%),次全切除7例(14.3%),无手术死亡。随访47例,随访时间平均2.4年(6个月~4年)。37(78.7%)例正常工作,7(14.9%)例能生活自理,3例(6.4%)生活需他人照顾。随访6个月时面听神经功能保留分别为42例(89.4%)与24例(51.1%)。结论枕下乙状窦后入路是切除桥小脑角脑膜瘤非常适宜的入路,术中结合神经电生理监测并合理运用显微技术,能够理想地切除肿瘤和提高患者生存质量。     

Supraorbital keyhole approach for removal of midline anterior cranial fossa meningiomas: a series of 20 consecutive cases

The paper describes a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 20 midline anterior cranial fossa meningiomas (five of the olfactory groove, 14 of the tuberculum sellae, and one clinoidal), which were operated on via a supraorbital keyhole approach between 2002 and 2008. The series includes three males and 17 females (mean age 57 years, mean size of the tumors 3.5 × 3 cm, and mean follow-up 48 months). Gross total excision was achieved in 18 cases and subtotal resection in two. Out of 14 patients with visual deficits, nine patients improved, one remained stable, and three deteriorated. Two patients presented a recurrence 3 years after surgery. One peri-operative death was recorded. The subgroup of patients with tuberculum sellae meningiomas was analyzed in details. A meta-analysis of the major series of such meningiomas in the last 20 years has been performed in order to compare results of different surgical techniques. With regard to primary outcomes of these tumors, gross total removal, restoration of visual function, morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates, the supraorbital approach, for selected cases, seems to offer valuable results, comparable with those reported in conventional and endoscopic approaches and with very low surgical aggressiveness. However, statistical data available from the literature, particularly on visual function, are still too limited to draw definitive conclusions. The best surgical option for the individual patient cannot yet be standardized and should be chosen on the basis of tumor anatomy, pre-operative clinical symptoms, and surgeon’s experience.     

Olfactory groove meningiomas: a retrospective study on 59 surgical cases

We report here a retrospective study of 59 consecutive patients with olfactory groove meningiomas admitted and operated on between 1991 and 2008. Our goal was to characterize clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcome of these lesions. The surgical resection grade, the histological type and the presence of recurrences in the follow-up period were analyzed. Maximum tumor diameter determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations was between 2 and 11?cm. In 38 surgical procedures (64.4%), the tumor was removed through a bilateral subfrontal approach, in 12 (20.3%) a unilateral subfrontal approach was used, and in nine procedures (15.3%) a pterional approach was performed. The average age at presentation was 52?years (age: 20-76?years) and the sex ratio was 1.45:1 (females/males). According to Simpson's grading system, the degree of tumor removal was: grade I in 14 cases (23.8%), grade II in 38 cases (64.4%), grade III in four cases (6.8%) and grade IV in three cases (5%). Fifty-six patients had benign meningiomas (94.9%) and three patients had atypical meningiomas (5.1%). Two patients (3.4%) died from pulmonary embolism and bronchopneumonia. There were recurrences in six patients (10.1%), between 9?months and 12?years (mean 7.2?years) after surgery. The olfactory groove is a relatively frequent location for intracranial meningiomas, accounting for 9.1% of all intracranial meningiomas in our experience. Olfactory groove meningiomas tend to be clinically silent tumors until they are very large when symptoms or other abnormalities become evident. A surgical procedure adapted to the size and the extension of the tumor combined with microsurgical techniques allows total meningioma removal with good neurological outcome.     

Bilateral supraorbital keyhole approach for multiple aneurysms via superciliary skin incisions

BACKGROUND: Considering that multiple aneurysms carry a high risk for fatal rupture, there is a need for complete treatment of all lesions in one surgical session using either unilateral-contralateral or bilateral approaches. Contralateral approaches have been used mainly for small anteriorly projecting middle cerebral and medially expanding ophthalmic types of aneurysms. They are limited by the narrow space for surgical manipulation, forced elevation of frontal lobes, and stretching of the olfactory nerves. These problems might result in damage to structures along the unusually long intracranial way of the approach. The complications associated with the unnecessarily large conventional fronto-temporal and bifrontal craniotomies, and the developments in visualization, neuroanaesthesia, microneurosurgery, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, and brain protection have led to less invasive methods in cerebral base surgery. These achievements have supplied the background for the supraorbital keyhole approach to aneurysms of the anterior circulation or basilar tip. Because the supraorbital keyhole approach offers several advantages over the classic fronto-temporal craniotomies to the anterior skull base, it was extended for both sides in one surgical session to treat bilateral multiple aneurysms as well. METHODS: Out of a series of 150 patients harboring 188 saccular aneurysms operated on via a supraorbital keyhole approach with a superciliar skin incision, 36 had multiple aneurysms. Thirty patients with multiple aneurysms underwent surgery for their ruptured aneurysms (17 cases in the acute phase and 13 patients during the chronic stage); in 6 cases silent aneurysms were operated on. The multiple aneurysms were managed from one side in 18 cases. A bilateral supraorbital keyhole approach was performed during one surgical session in 11 patients, and in 7 cases the unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach was combined with contralateral fronto-temporal (3 cases), suboccipital (2 cases), or frontal-parasagittal (2 cases) exploration. The operations were carried out through an approximately 2.5 x 3 cm supraorbital keyhole craniotomy following a skin incision just above the eyebrow. The roughly 4 cm superciliar skin incision begins medial to the supraorbital nerve and ends 3 to 10 mm beyond the lateral edge of the eyebrow. The technical details of the method are presented, and the benefits, limitations, and complications are discussed. RESULTS: In the 36 patients operated on via the supraorbital keyhole approach 74 aneurysms were clipped successfully. In 2 cases premature intraoperative rupture of the aneurysms occurred, but these events were managed successfully. Despite the small size of the craniotomy the approach allows enough room for intracranial manipulation with maximal protection of the brain and other intracranial structures. One patient died because of pulmonary embolism. There were no craniotomy-related complications in the present series. CONCLUSION: The supraorbital keyhole approach together with the advent of the modern neuroanaesthesia, CSF drainage, and microsurgical techniques is a safe approach in the hands of experienced neurosurgeons for the treatment of supratentorial or basilar tip aneurysms. Because the approach is simple and swift, the bilateral single-session craniotomy does not have any disadvantages compared to two-stage procedures. However, the one-sitting surgery reduces the high risk of fatal rupture in the perioperative period associated with multiple aneurysms.