三种不同部位移植胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病

目的 对比通过肝脏、静脉、胰腺三种途径移植胰岛细胞对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用.方法 24只糖尿病大鼠模型随机分为A、B、C组,A组在肝脏被膜下多点移植1000个胰岛细胞,B组通过尾静脉移植1000个胰岛细胞,C组在胰腺被膜下移植1000个胰岛细胞,于不同时间点测定大鼠随机血糖,对比大鼠血糖变化趋势及维持正常的时间.结果 A组大鼠血精于术后3 d内开始下降,血糖可降至正常水平(7.98±2.28)mmol/L,血糖维持正常水平(3.71±0.95)d,B组移植后24 h 血糖降至正常水平(7.35±1.40)mmol/L,可维持(7.85±1.46)d,C组移植后24 h血糖降至正常水平(7.06±2.11)mmol/L,可维持(24.90±2.60)d,不同部位移植对大鼠血糖水平变化的影响不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在胰腺被膜下移植胰岛细胞血糖维持正常时间最长,是一个较理想的移植部位.

Abstract：

Objective To study the curative effectiveness of pancreatic islets transplantation through the liver, tail vein and pancreas. Methods Twenty-four diabetic rats were randomly divided into groups 1,2, 3. The rats in group Ⅰ were transplanted with 1000 pancreatic islets beneath the liver capsule,those in group 2 with 1000 pancreatic islets through tail vein, and those in group 3 with 1000 pancreatic islets beneath the pancreas capsule. Plasma glucose levels at different time points were determined and compared. Results In group 1, plasma glucose levels were reduced at the 3rd day post-transplantation,reached the normal level (7.98 ±2. 28) mmol/L and maintain (3.71 ±0. 95) days. Group 2 start to activate after 24 h. Plasma glucose level reach to (7.35 ± 1.40) mmol/L and maintain (7.85 ± 1.46) days.Group 3 start to activate after 24 h. Plasma glucose level reach to ( 7.06 ± 2. 11 ) mmol/L and maintain (24. 90 ± 2. 60 ) days. There is statistical significance in plasma glucose level and maintain normal time after transplantation pancreatic islet in different sites ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Transplantation pancreatic islets beneath the pancreas capsule maintain plasma glucose for the longest time. The pancreas is a ideal transplantation site.     

骨髓间充质细胞和单个核细胞移植对糖尿病小鼠胰岛功能的影响

目的 比较骨髓间充质细胞移植和单个核细胞移植对糖尿病小鼠胰岛功能影响的差异.方法 建立糖尿病小鼠模型并分成3组:对照组(n=14)通过尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS);单个核细胞组(n=14)通过尾静脉移植骨髓单个核细胞;间充质细胞组(n=14)通过尾静脉移植骨髓间充质细胞.观察移植后1周(n=6)和移植后6周(n=8),各组小鼠血糖的变化、胰岛数量、胰腺组织形态学特征及相关标记物的表达.结果 移植后1周,间充质细胞组小鼠血糖出现显著下降(16.6±1.6)mmol/L,与对照组(26.3±0.5)mmol/L和单个核细胞移植组(24.4±1.3)mmol/L比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并一直维持到移植后第6周,血糖下降到(16.5±1.5)mmol/L,与对照组(27.7±0.1)mmol/L比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);移植后1周,间充质细胞组小鼠胰岛数目(21.2±1. 1)和胰岛β细胞数目(415.9±25.4)显著增加,与对照组(11.2±1.3)/(65.9±7.1)和单个核细胞组(12.2±1.3)/(64.1±6.5)比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).单个核细胞组和间充质细胞组小鼠胰岛中均发现BrdU(+)Insulin(+)细胞和BrdU(+)Insulin(-)细胞.结论 骨髓间充质细胞移植改善糖尿病小鼠胰岛功能的效果优于骨髓单个核细胞移植.移植后胰岛的再生既来源于胰岛β细胞的增殖,也可能来源于胰岛干细胞的分化.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the different effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells vs mesenchymal cells transplantation on islets function of diabetic mice. Methods Mouse diabetic models were created by multiply peritoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and divided into three groups:control group ( n = 14) , bone marrow mononuclear cells group ( n = 14) , and bone marrow mesenchymal cells group (n = 14). Blood glucose was measured weekly after transplantation by glucometer. Histochem istry and immunofluorescence were performed to characterize pancreatic histology, morphology and markers expressed in receipt pancreas. Results Compared with control group and bone marrow mesenchymal cells group, blood glucose levels in bone marrow mesenchymal cells group were significantly reduced at first week after transplantation[( 16. 6 ± 1.6 ) vs ( 26. 3 ± 0. 5 ) / ( 24. 4 ± 1.3 ) mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05]and sustained to reduce at 6th week after transplantation[( 16. 5 ± 1.5 ) vs ( 27.7 ± 0. 1 ) mmol/L in control group,P＜0. 05]. One week after transplantation, the islets number in bone marrow mesenchymal cells group was larger than in control group ( 21.2 ± 1. 1vs 11.2 ± 1.3, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and bone marrow mononuclear cells group ( 21.2 ± 1. 1vs 12. 2 ± 1.3 ,P ＜0. 05 ). One weeks after transplantation, the beta cell number in bone marrow mesenchymal cells group was larger than in control group (415.9 ± 25.4 vs 65.9 ±7. 1,P＜0.05) and bone marrow mononuclear cells group (415.9 ±25.4 vs 64. 1 ±6.5,P＜0.05). In bone marrow mononuclear cells and bone marrow mesenchymal cells groups, there were several BrdU ( + )Insulin( - ) cells and BrdU( + )Insulin( - ) cells in the islets. Conclusion The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal cells transplantation to improve diabetic islet function is more satisfactory than bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells transplantation can initiate pancreatic islets β cells regeneration by both proliferation of β cells and differentiation of pancreatic stem cells.     

小鼠自体肝脏星状细胞联合同种异体胰岛细胞移植延长移植物存活时间的研究

目的 研究小鼠自体肝脏星状细胞联合同种异体胰岛细胞移植的新方法对胰岛移植物存活时间的作用.方法 选择雄性BALB/c小鼠为胰岛移植模型的供者,雄性C57BL/6糖尿病小鼠为受者.随机将受者分为A、B两组.A组:仅采用供者的胰岛细胞移植;B组:采用受者的肝脏星状细胞(HSCs)与供者胰岛细胞混合后共同移植.术后定期测定受者尾静脉血的血糖含量.结果 B组受者胰岛移植物的存活时间明显延长,血糖含量维持正常的中位时间为66 d(30～180 d),而A组血糖含量维持正常的中位时间为11 d(9～15 d),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 受者肝脏星状细胞能延长共同移植的同种异体胰岛移植物存活时间.     

输注胰岛抗原特异性Treg细胞延长同系NOD小鼠移植胰岛的存活时间

目的 探讨输注胰岛抗原特异性调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg细胞)对非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠同系胰岛移植物存活时间的影响.方法·以未成熟树突状细胞(imDC)联合谷氨酸脱羧酶-65在体外诱导童贞T淋巴细胞分化成胰岛抗原特异性Treg细胞.以已发生糖尿病的NOD小鼠为受者,将分离得到的尚未进展为糖尿病的NOD小鼠的胰岛(500胰岛当量)移植至受者的肾包膜下,对照组不行移植,只观察血糖变化;单纯胰岛移植组只进行胰岛移植,不输注胰岛抗原特异性Treg细胞;实验组于术前1d静脉输注1×106个胰岛抗原特异性Treg细胞,然后进行胰岛移植.术后检测受者的血糖,以判断移植胰岛的存活时间,观察胰岛移植物的病理学变化.结果 对照组血糖持续高于11.1 mmol/L;单纯胰岛移植组小鼠的血糖于术后1～2 d降至正常,到7～17d时开始陆续升高,并维持在术前水平,移植物存活时间为(12.2±2.6)d;实验组小鼠的血糖于术后1～2 d降至正常,至第27天开始有小鼠血糖升高超过11.1 mmol/L,第43天时,所有小鼠的血糖均超过11.1mmol/L,移植物的存活时间为(35.2±4.3)d,明显长于单纯胰岛移植组(P＜0.01).单纯胰岛移植组的移植胰岛有明显的淋巴细胞浸润,并伴有胰岛细胞严重破坏,胰岛素染色未见完整的胰岛存在,仅有极少量残存的分泌胰岛素的胰岛细胞;实验组第15天时移植胰岛形态完整,仅有少量淋巴细胞浸润,分泌胰岛素的胰岛大量存在.结论 体外诱导产生的胰岛抗原特异性Treg细胞可以延缓自身免疫系统对移植胰岛的破坏,明显延长NOD小鼠移植胰岛的存活时间.     

骨髓来源细胞移植对糖尿病小鼠胰岛功能的影响

目的 观察骨髓来源细胞(BMDCs)移植对糖尿病小鼠胰岛功能的影响.方法 建立糖尿病小鼠模型并分成两组:实验组小鼠(n=8)通过尾静脉移植BMDCs;对照组小鼠(n=8)通过尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS).观察两组小鼠血糖的变化、胰岛数量、胰腺组织形态学特征及相关标记物的表达.结果 与对照组比较,实验组小鼠移植后第4周血糖出现明显下降(20.7±5.2)比(27.1±1.4)mmol/L,P＜0.05,并持续下降至第6周(16.9±6.0)比(27.7±0.3)mmol/L,P＜0.01,胰岛数目显著增加(22.9±4.8)比(11.6±5.2)个,P＜0.01;实验组小鼠胰岛周围和胰岛内发现绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)阳性细胞,部分GFP阳性细胞同时表达CD34,但未发现同时表达GFP和insulin的细胞.结论 BMDCs移植能促进糖尿病小鼠胰岛的修复和再生,但BMDCs在糖尿病小鼠体内不能转分化为胰岛β细胞,CD34阳性细胞在损伤胰岛修复和再生的过程中起重要作用.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植途径对胰岛移植物免疫排斥反应的影响

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)与胰岛共移植对诱导胰岛移植物免疫耐受的作用,并比较MSC不同途径移植的效果。方法:SD大鼠和Lewis大鼠分别作为供、受体。取SD大鼠股骨,贴壁培养法分离和扩增MSC,胶原酶V分离胰岛。应用链脲佐菌素制备Lewis大鼠糖尿病模型后,将其随机均分为A组(将BrdU标记的MSC与胰岛经门静脉混合输入),B组(将胰岛经门静脉输入,BrdU标记的MSC经尾静脉输入),C组(胰岛经门静脉输入,联合应用环孢素A)和D组(单纯胰岛门静脉移植)。观察各组术后血糖变化,比较各组胰岛移植物存活时间。术后第7天切取各组部分存活大鼠肝脏、胸腺、脾脏行免疫组化染色观察MSC归巢位置。结果:A,B两组大鼠术后正常血糖维持时间最长,C组次之,D组最短;各组胰岛存活时间A组为(12.1±2.3)d,B组为(8.6±1.4)d,C组为(13.2±1.9)d,D组为(2.2±0.6)d;MSC归巢部位观察显示,A组BrdU阳性的MSC主要分布于肝脏,并在植入胰岛周围形成"类微囊化效应",B组BrdU阳性的MSC主要分布于胸腺、脾脏。结论:MSC与胰岛共移植能诱导胰岛移植物免疫耐受,且MSC和胰岛混合经门静脉移植效果优于胰岛门静脉移植联合MSC外周静脉移植。     

子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植治疗糖尿病

目的 探讨利用子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植保护移植胰岛,提高糖尿病移植疗效的可行性.方法 分离纯化孕16 d SD大鼠子鼠:胰腺干细胞培养传代,行Nestin免疫组织化学及流式细胞术鉴定;分离纯化SD大鼠胰岛,分联合移植组(10只)、单独移植组(10只)及正常对照组(10只),分别将2×105个子鼠:胰腺干细胞与800个胰岛和单纯800个胰岛移植至糖尿病大鼠模型左肾包膜下,定期监测各组大鼠血糖情况及留取血浆ELISA测胰岛素含量,观察胰岛存活时间.结果 子鼠:胰腺干细胞培养传代3代后细胞涂片免疫组织化学示存在Nestin阳性细胞,流式细胞术测定nestin阳性细胞含量占74.1%.联合移植组大鼠均于术后第3天起血糖开始下降,血浆胰岛素水平逐渐升高,术后5 d内血糖可降至正常[(5.4±0.6)mmol/L],血浆胰岛素达到正常水平[(509.8±16.6)ng/L],胰岛存活时间(18.2±2.4)d;单独移植组大鼠血糖可于术后1周内降至正常[(6.1±0.9)mmol/L],胰岛存活时间(14.4±2.1)d;两组胰岛存活时间差别有统计学意义(P《0.05).结论 子鼠胰腺干细胞与胰岛联合移植可保护胰岛功能,延长胰岛体内存活时间,提高移植疗效.     

小鼠异体Sertoli细胞诱导胰岛移植免疫耐受的作用

目的 观察小鼠Sertoli细胞是否能在异体内起到诱导局部免疫耐受、保护共移植异体胰岛的作用.方法 以糖尿病C57小鼠作移植受体,随机分4组,每组6只;以正常BALB/C小鼠为胰岛供体,正常C57小鼠和正常BALB/C小鼠各作为Serloli细胞供体.A组:单纯移植异体胰岛;B组:移植来源于C57小鼠的Sertoli细胞+BALB/C小鼠来源的胰岛;C组:移植均来源于BALB/C小鼠的Sertoli细胞及胰岛;D组:假手术组.监测各组移植受体的血糖尿糖变化,观察移植物的存活时间.结果 A组移植物平均存活时间为(6.50±2.35)d;B组为(55.67±4.84)d;C组为(51.33±5.05)d;D组未观察到血糖正常.B组及C组的移植方式均可逆转糖尿病小鼠的高血糖状态,移植物存活期均较A组有明显延长,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而B组与C组的移植物存活时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 同种异体来源的睾丸Sertoli细胞在异体内可起到诱导局部免疫耐受的效果,对共移植同种异体胰岛起到保护作用,其效果与自体睾丸Sertoli细胞相当.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用

目的 观察同种大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植对糖尿病的治疗作用及其可能机制.方法 分离、培养和扩增供者(3～4周龄的SD大鼠)的BMSC,将成年SD大鼠分为正常对照组(12只)和糖尿病组(44只,制作糖尿病模型);糖尿病组大鼠又分为不移植对照组(12只)和移植组(32只).将分离纯化的同种大鼠BMSC经移植组大鼠尾静脉植入体内,每只大鼠移植BMSC约3×10~6个.移植后动态观察各组的血糖和胰岛素水平;移植后28 d制备胰腺组织切片,通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察移植的BMSC对内源性胰岛细胞再生的影响.结果 正常对照组血糖在4.0 mmol/L左右波动;不移植对照组血糖显著升高,维持在23～27 mmol/L;移植组血糖明显降低,术后72 h平均血糖值为(11.7±2.4)mmol/L,并维持稳定至35 d[血糖值(15.4±6.3)mmol/L].移植组血清胰岛素水平较不移植对照组明显增高,术后12 d时分别为(0.90±0.14)μg/ml和(0.35±0.06)μg/ml(P<0.01),但仍明显低于正常对照组的(1.32±0.14)μg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).正常对照组大鼠胰腺组织切片内胰岛素阳性细胞聚集,但增殖的细胞极少,约为(11±6)个/mm~2,内源性增生的胰岛素阳性细胞约(7±4)个/mm~2.不移植对照组大鼠胰腺组织中胰岛素阳性细胞较正常对照组少,但存在明显的增生.增殖细胞约(25±4)个/mm~2.其中内源性增生的胰岛素阳性细胞约(13±5)个/mm~2,与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).移植组胰岛体积较不移植对照组增大,增殖细胞和内源性增生的胰岛素阳性细胞均明显增多,分别为(45±9)个/mm~2和(23±11)个/mm~2,与正常对照组、不移植对照组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 糖尿病大鼠经同种BMSC移植后,可能通过促进内源性胰岛细胞新生发挥治疗作用,这可能为糖尿病的治疗提供一条新的途径.     

胃黏膜下层作为自体胰岛移植部位的研究

目的 探讨胃黏膜下层作为自体胰岛移植部位的可行性及有效性.方法 全胰切除建立Beagle犬糖尿病模型(n=6);改良Ricordi法,分离切取自体胰腺的胰岛细胞.按4 500～7 000 IEQ/kg剂量,将自体胰岛细胞移植入犬胃黏膜下层(n=6);术后6、12、24、48 h检测血糖和C肽水平.48 h后,切取胰岛移植部位的胃组织,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色及Insulin染色观察胃黏膜下层胰岛移植物的存活情况.结果 全胰切除术后6h,Beagle犬血糖为(11.95±1.06) mmol/L;术后2和5d,静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)2 h后血糖分别为(25.73±6.60) mmol/L和(23.13±9.35) mmol/L,符合糖尿病诊断标准.自体胰岛移植术后6h,犬血糖降至(5.30±2.52) mmol/L,且48 h内血糖均维持在11.1 mmol/L以下.胰岛移植术后6、12、24、48 h,犬C肽水平与术前比较明显升高.HE和Insulin染色均在胃黏膜下层检测到了存活良好的自体胰岛.结论 胃黏膜下层可作为自体胰岛移植部位,为该部位在未来临床胰岛移植的应用奠定了基础.     

同种异体胰岛及胰腺干细胞来源的胰岛样结构序贯移植治疗糖尿病

目的 观察同种异体大鼠胰岛及胰腺干细胞来源的胰岛样结构序贯移植在糖尿病治疗中的作用.方法 分离胰腺组织获得胰岛及胰腺导管上皮细胞,将具有干细胞潜能的胰腺导管上皮细胞在体外培养27d.将新鲜分离的胰岛(200±50)个及诱导分化2周的胰腺干细胞来源的胰岛样结构(2×106)个序贯移植到糖尿病大鼠的肾被膜下观察大鼠的血糖及生存情况.结果 将胰岛及胰腺干细胞来源的胰岛样结构序贯移植到同一糖尿病大鼠3周后血糖仍在5 mmol/L水平,对照组血糖无明显下降.结论 胰腺干细胞可诱导分化为分泌胰岛素的胰岛样结构,胰岛及胰腺干细胞来源的胰岛样结构序贯移植对大鼠糖尿病有治疗作用.     

Treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats by transplantation of islet cells from two major histocompatibility complex disparate rats in combination with intra bone marrow injection of allogeneic bone marrow cells

BACKGROUND: We have established a new method for the transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets obtained from two different rat strains in combination with a newly developed bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method in which bone marrow cells (BMCs) are directly injected into the bone marrow cavity (intra bone marrow BMT [IBM-BMT]). METHODS: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Brown Norway (BN: RT1A(n)) rats were injected with fludarabine, irradiated with 5.0 Gy x 2, and BMCs from two allogeneic rat strains, Fischer 344 (F344: RT1A(1)) and PVG (PVG: RT1A(c)), were then directly injected into the bone marrow cavity (IBM-BMT). Simultaneously, approximately 600 pancreatic islets (PIs) from F344 and PVG rats were mixed and transplanted into the liver by way of the portal vein. RESULTS: All the recipients thus treated showed normoglycemia 30 days after the treatment. Hematolymphoid cells were completely reconstituted with the two donor-type cells, and immunologic tolerance to F344 and PVG major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants were induced. CONCLUSIONS: The transplantation of PIs from two MHC-disparate donors was completely achieved in combination with IBM-BMT, resulting in the improvement of blood glucose levels and the amelioration of diabetes mellitus.     

肝细胞和脾细胞单独或联合输注对异种胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨供者的肝细胞和脾细胞输注对同一供者胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的影响。方法 经尿静脉给BALB/c小鼠糖尿病模型注射供者（猪）的肝细胞和脾细胞，腹腔内注射途径进行猪胰岛细胞移植。移植后测定受者的血糖变化，观察小鼠移植物有功能存活时间。同时测定小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，脾脏淋巴细胞转化功能和自然杀伤细胞活性的变化。结果 胰岛细胞移植前输注肝细胞，脾细胞以及肝细胞和脾细胞混合悬液者，移植物有功能存活时间延长，其淋巴细胞转化率。自然杀伤细胞活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬功能均较低，以肝细胞和脾细胞联合输注者为著。结论 移植前少量多次的供者肝细胞和脾细胞输注可以降低异种胰岛细胞移植排斥反应的强度。     

不同移植途径对大鼠骨髓干细胞迁移至肝脏及分化的影响

目的 探讨门静脉、尾静脉和肝动脉3种移植途径下大鼠骨髓干细胞迁移至肝脏及向肝细胞分化的情况.方法 取30只正常SD大鼠,采用2-乙酰氨基芴和四氯化碳溶液灌胃,制成急性肝损伤模型,取其骨髓,以淋巴细胞分离液分离出干细胞,再用荧光染料(PKH26)进行标记.将此30只急性肝损伤大鼠分为3组,每组10只,门静脉输注组大鼠麻醉后,取腹部正中切口,经门静脉注入自体骨髓干细胞悬液0.4 ml(4×106个,下同);尾静脉输注组大鼠经尾静脉注人自体骨髓干细胞悬液0.4 ml;肝动脉输注组大鼠麻醉后,取腹部正中切口,将胃十二指肠动脉远端结扎,用动脉夹阻断肝总动脉血流,迅速在胃十二指肠动脉结扎点前方进针,注入自体骨髓干细胞悬液0.4 ml.骨髓干细胞移植后2周,取各组肝脏组织,制成冰冻切片,再以用异硫氰基荧光素标记的抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,检测其PKH26标记阳性细胞以及自蛋白和CK18的表达情况.结果 各组大鼠肝脏切片中均可见散在的PKH26染色阳性的红色荧光,门静脉输注组、尾静脉输注组及肝动脉输注组PKH26染色阳性细胞数分别为(58.0±2.67)个、(57.8±3.04)个及(58.3±3.52)个,三组间的差异无统计学意K(P>0.05).各组肝组织切片均广泛表达白蛋白及CK18(绿色荧光),荧光显微镜下可见同时发绿色荧光和红色荧光的细胞(绿色荧光与红色荧光相叠加而成的黄色荧光).结论 经门静脉、尾静脉和肝动脉注入的骨髓干细胞均能定植于肝脏,并在损伤的肝脏中分化为肝细胞,3种途径的效果相当.     

与大鼠胰岛细胞联合移植的骨髓间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用

目的 研究同种异体或自体的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)与胰岛肝内联合移植对胰岛移植物的免疫调节作用及其机制.方法 以链佐星制备Lewis大鼠的糖尿病模型,作为胰岛移植受者,分为3组:单纯移植组大鼠经门静脉单独移植SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg;同系MSC组大鼠经门静脉共同移植1×109/L的Lewis大鼠MSC 1 ml与SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg;同种MSC组大鼠经门静脉共同移植1×109/L的SD大鼠MSC 1 ml与SD大鼠胰岛6000 IEQ/kg.检测受鼠的血糖变化,术后1、3 d大鼠外周血γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4和IL-10的含量.结果 3组大鼠术后第1天血糖均下降到13.9 mmol/L以下.同系MSC组移植物存活时间为(11.38±4.03)d,同种MSC组为(5.50±2.07)d,单纯移植组为(2.88±1.25)d(P＜0.01).术后1、3 d,单纯移植组IFN-γ和IL-2的含量显著高于同系MSC组和同种MSC组(P＜0.01),同种MSC组IFN-γ和IL-2的含量高于同系MSC组(P＜0.05);单纯移植组IL-10的含量低于同系MSC组和同种MSC组(P＜0.01),同系MSC组IL-10的含量与司种MSC组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);各组IL-4含量的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MSC与同种胰岛共移植可以延长胰岛移植物存活时间,应用同系MSC的效果优于同种异体MSC.共移植的MSC主要通过减少TH1类细胞因子(IFN-y和IL-2)的表达使受者TH1/TH2平衡向TH2方向偏移.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the immune regulation of syngenic and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the transplantation combined with islets. Methods After induction of diabetes in 30 Lewis rats with streptozotocin (STZ), the recipient Lewis rats received islets from SD rats combined with syngenic (group B) or allogenic (group C) MSCs injection via the portal vein. The group of islets transplanted alone served as control (group A). The survival time of grafts in all groups was assessed by the level of blood glucose. ELISA was used to detect the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4 and IL-10 in the peripheral blood on the 1st and 3rd day after transplantation. Results The blood glucose levels in all three groups were decreased in a normal range (13. 9 mmol/L) and the survival time of grafts in group B (11.38 ± 4. 03 days) was significantly longer than in group C (5. 50± 2. 07 days) as well as group A (2. 88 ± 1.25 days). On the 1 st and 3rd day after transplantation, the levels of TH 1 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in group A were significantly higher than in groups C and B (P＜0.05). Meanwhile the levels of TH 2 cytokine IL-10were increased in group B, but there was no significant difference between groups A and C (P＞0.05). The levels of IL-4 had no significant difference among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Islet transplantation combined with MSCs could prolong the survival time of grafts.Syngenic MSCs, superior to allogenic ones, were more effective in changing the balance of TH1/TH2to TH2. Decreased expression of TH1 cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2), which was closely related to the induction of immune tolerance, was beneficial to the long-term survival of grafts.     

小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞减轻胰岛移植物排斥反应的作用

目的 探讨同种异基因小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)与胰岛联合移植对胰岛移植物的免疫调节作用.方法 将18只糖尿病模型小鼠随机分成3组:(1)糖尿病组,不进行任何移植;(2)胰岛移植组,在无菌操作下将10μl纯化后的200个胰岛移植于受者的左肾包膜下;(3)胰岛+MSC移植组,除与胰岛移植组进行相同的移植外,还在胰岛移植前3、2、0d经受者尾静脉分别注射1×106个MSC.移植后,连续监测非空腹血糖至第30 d;第14和28 d对移植部位的左肾进行组织病理学观察;采集外周血进行免疫荧光染色,流式细胞术分析TH1/TH2、Tc1/Tc2细胞的比值、初始和记忆T淋巴细胞的变化、以及骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC)成熟度和功能的变化.结果 与胰岛移植组比较,胰岛+MSC移植组血糖明显降低,移植部位炎症细胞浸润明显减轻,移植物的存活时间延长;TH1和Tc1细胞明显下降,TH2和Tc2细胞升高,TH1/TH2和Tc1/Tc2细胞比值显著下降;初始T淋巴细胞和记忆T淋巴细胞下调;DC成熟度降低,分泌白细胞介素12(IL-12)的能力下降.结论 MSC与胰岛联合移植可通过对T淋巴细胞和树突状细胞的免疫调节作用,减轻胰岛移植物的排斥反应,从而延长移植胰岛的存活时间.     

Allotransplantation of rat islets into the cisterna magna of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Islets were isolated from the pancreata of Sprague-Dawley rats and transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic outbred Wistar rats. The effect of transplantation of islets into the cisterna magna on the diabetic state of the recipients was compared with that of the conventional transplantation of islets into liver via the portal vein. After successful intraportal (IP) transplantation, rejection took place between days 7 and 15 in all diabetic recipients. All of the eleven rats surviving after stereotaxic implantation of islets into the cisterna magna returned to normoglycemia within 7 days after transplantation. Nine of the recipients with intra-cisterna magna (IM) islet allografts were still normoglycemic at 210 days after transplantation. The glucose disappearance rate of the IM transplant rats was slower than that of the IP transplant rats, and blood glucose returned to the normal basal level within 5 hr following glucose administration. Although the insulin levels were almost undetectable in cerebrospinal fluid before IM transplantation, the insulin levels were markedly increased after IM transplantation and twice as great in CSF than blood. Thus, these findings indicate that the cisterna magna can serve as an immunologically privileged site for implantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets, and islets in CSF can regulate and maintain normal glucose homeostasis via secretion of insulin across the blood-brain barrier.