医学生艾滋病相关知识、态度及医疗服务意愿调查研究

目的调查医学生艾滋病相关知识、态度及医疗服务意愿,并分析三者的关系。方法采用艾滋病相关知识问卷、艾滋病一般态度问卷及医学生对艾滋病感染者的医疗服务意愿,对576名医学生进行问卷调查。结果医学生艾滋病相关知识得分为(16.54±2.61)分,艾滋病歧视态度得分为(50.48±9.44)分,艾滋病医疗服务意愿得分为(7.06±2.43)分。参与过艾滋病相关知识培训的医学生艾滋病知识得分高于未参加过培训者(P=0.016);不同年级医学生艾滋病歧视态度与医疗服务意愿得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医学生艾滋病相关知识与歧视态度呈负相关(r=-0.253,P=0.010),与医疗服务意愿正相关(r=0.154,P=0.042);艾滋病歧视态度与医疗服务意愿呈负相关(r=-0.600,P<0.001)。结论医学生对艾滋病相关知识掌握不全面,泛化传播途径,夸大艾滋病传染性,对艾滋病过度恐惧和歧视,医疗服务意愿不高。     

医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者歧视态度的调查研究

目的描述医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者歧视态度的现状。方法采用分层抽样的方法从北京4所医科大学抽取697名医护专业学生,不记名调查医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者的歧视态度。结果发放问卷697份,收回有效问卷641份,有效率为92.0%。医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者总歧视态度、就医过程中歧视态度均为中等水平。总歧视态度受到实习、培训因素的影响,而实习因素是影响就医过程中歧视态度的显著因素。既往接触艾滋病患者经历、是否学习艾滋病专业课与歧视态度不相关。结论医护专业学生对HIV感染者或艾滋病患者的歧视态度与即将承担的角色不适应,有必要在校期间即开展艾滋病反歧视教育,从而使医护专业学生树立反歧视的态度,促进艾滋病防治工作的开展。     

医学院校学生艾滋病反歧视干预不同时点效果观察

目的分析短期、综合的艾滋病反歧视干预后医学院校学生艾滋病歧视态度在不同时点间的变化趋势。方法采用类实验性研究方法,便利抽取北京市某2所医学院校作为干预组,另1所作为对照组。共纳入在临床见习和实习本科医疗及护理专业学生123名,其中干预组62名,对照组61名。对干预组进行短期、综合艾滋病反歧视干预,对照组无任何干预。两组分别在干预前、干预后即刻、干预后1、3、6个月采用＂医学院校学生对HIV感染者/艾滋病病人歧视态度问卷＂测量歧视态度。结果重复测量方差分析显示：对待HIV感染者/艾滋病病人的歧视态度不仅在干预后明显降低,并在干预后6个月内一直保持较低的平稳趋势（P〈0.01）,而对照组呈基本平稳状态。结论短期、综合的艾滋病反歧视干预可产生较远期、持久的干预效果。     

参与式教学联合视频反馈法在高职护生心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的探讨参与式教学联合视频反馈法在高职护生心肺复苏培训中的应用效果。方法以自愿参与原则招募2016级158名高职护生为研究对象,并随机等分为试验组和对照组。试验组应用常规教学法和参与式教学联合视频反馈法培训,对照组仅采用常规教学法。使用临床心肺复苏态度知识调查问卷和院外心肺复苏施救意愿问卷对两组护生于培训前和培训后1周进行测评。结果培训1周后试验组心肺复苏知识、态度、院外施救意愿得分较培训前增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。培训后试验组心肺复苏知识、态度、院外施救意愿高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论参与式教学联合视频反馈法心肺复苏培训,不仅能提高护生对心肺复苏知识的掌握还能提高护生心肺复苏的态度和院外施救意愿。     

艾滋病护理师资培训效果评价

目的:探讨艾滋病护理师资培训的有效方法,为今后进一步开展护理人员艾滋病护理知识培训提供参考。方法:采用参与式教学方法对110名护理人员进行为期5天的脱产培训。采用问卷方法,在培训前后对学员就艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿等进行调查以评价教学效果,并采取讨论方式对教学方法进行评价。结果:与培训前相比,培训班结束后学员的艾滋病知识水平(t=10.2,P<0.001)、护理意愿(t=4.9,P<0.001)和态度(t=2.6,P<0.01)均有显著差异,教学方法受到学员们的普遍喜欢。结论:此次培训班的教学方法有效,提高了学员们对艾滋病相关知识的掌握,转变了对艾滋病患者的态度,护理艾滋病患者的意愿也显著增高,同时学员掌握了教学的方法,达到了培训班的目的。     

护理本科生对艾滋病相关知识及态度的调查分析

目的了解护理本科生(护生)对艾滋病(AIDS)相关知识了解情况及对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS患者的态度,为学校开展相关健康教育提供参考依据。方法 2011年2月采用问卷调查法,对285名护生进行调查,收回问卷276份,有效问卷257份。结果护生对HIV/AIDS相关知识平均得分为(21.2±3.8)分,对正确使用安全套知识平均得分为(3.7±1.6)分,各年级掌握情况有差异(P<0.001)。257名护生中,82.5%对因输血或注射感染HIV者持同情态度,33.9%和32.3%的护生对因婚前或婚外性行为、性服务者而感染HIV者持歧视态度。结论学校应对护生进行系统正确的HIV/AIDS相关知识的教育,培养护生正确对待HIV感染者/AIDS患者的态度。     

参与式教学法在护士艾滋病知识培训中的应用

目的　确定参与式艾滋病知识培训对改变临床护理人员知识、态度、护理意愿的效果。方法　在医院临床护理人员的艾滋病知识培训中 尝试应用参与式培训法。把参加培训的82名临床护士随机分为两组,每组41人,实验组接受参与式艾滋病知识培训,对照组接受传统的艾滋 病基本知识讲座。在培训前后采用问卷调查法对两组护士进行测量。结果　实验组护士在对艾滋病病人态度及护理意愿方面比对照组护士 有明显的提高。结论　参与式艾滋病培训效果明显优于传统的知识讲座,能明显改善临床护士对艾滋病病人的态度和护理意愿,提高临床护 士参与艾滋病预防及宣教的积极性。     

感染科实习护生艾滋病相关知识、态度及护理意愿调查

目的：了解感染科实习护生对HIV相关知识的掌握情况,探讨消除对住院艾滋病患者的歧视以及改善护理意愿的方法。方法对106名护生进行艾滋病相关知识培训,培训前后采用艾滋病相关知识掌握情况、态度、担心感染和护理意愿问卷进行调查。结果短期培训后护生艾滋病相关知识正确率较培训前提高;对艾滋病错误认识的态度从（3．5±0．5）分降低到（3．4±0．5）分,担心感染从（4．1±0．9）分降低到（3．7±1．0）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为2．043,4．545;P＜0．05）。结论对护生的艾滋病相关知识经过短期培训是可以改善的,但其护理意愿即行为的改变不明显;在思想观念上,了解并深入认识疾病,提高积极行为还需要更长的时间。     

云南省艾滋病护理师资培训效果评价

目的 探讨艾滋病护理师资培训效果 方法 采用培训培训者模式和参与式教学方法对50名护理骨干进行艾滋病知识培训。采用问卷方法,对学员的艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿、对教学的评价以及开展培训情况反馈进行资料收集 结果 培训后学员的艾滋病知识(t=5.70,P<0.001)和护理意愿(t=3.57,P<0.001),比培训前有显著的提高,但态度改善不明显。本次培训的教学方法深得学员的喜欢,学员收获较大。90.6％的学员在培训后回单位的6个月内开展了艾滋病护理培训工作,平均培训人员达133人。结论 艾滋病护理师资培训不仅提高学员对艾滋病认识和护理意愿,还使学员学会了开展艾滋病知识培训的方法,达到了培养师资的目的。     

参与式艾滋病知识培训在护理本科生中的应用

目的 确定参与式艾滋病知识培训对改变护理本科生知识、态度、护理意愿的效果。方法 采用随机对照实验设计。参与研究的68名护生被随机分成2组，每组34人。实验组接受参与式艾滋病知识培训，对照组只接受艾滋病知识讲座。在培训前后采用问卷调查法对两组护生进行测量。结果 实验组与对照组护生在培训后知识分数均显著提高。实验组培训后态度正分值有显著改善(t＝2．9，P＝．006)，护理意愿也显著提高(t＝3．7；P=．001)，而对照组两者变化却不显著。培训后，除知识变量外，实验组的态度正分值明显高于对照组(t＝2．2，P＝．003)，护理意愿也明显高于对照组(t＝2．4，P＝．02)。结论 参与式艾滋病培训效果明显优于传统的知识讲座，能改善护生对艾滋病病人的态度及护理意愿。     

Systematized HIV/AIDS education for student nurses at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: impact on knowledge, attitudes and compliance with universal precautions

This paper reports the findings of a study which examines changes in a group of Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing students' perceptions, knowledge of and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), accruing from attempts at a systematized education for the cohort. Based upon a 3-month study of 141 registered nurses enrolled in a BSc nursing programme at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, it investigates alterations in knowledge and attitudes resulting from intense instruction on HIV/AIDS, AIDS patient care, and compliance with universal precautions. With regard to knowledge enhancement and attitudinal transformation, the research reveals that a number of positive changes occurred over the period of the study. Not only were the nurses better informed about AIDS than previously, but their attitudes towards the disease and patient care had become considerably more liberal, as well as their disposition to comply with universal precautions. The conclusion emphasizes that it is very important for education about HIV/AIDS to be incorporated within current undergraduate and in-service training programmes for Nigerian nurses.     

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS cases

German nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and AIDS: two decades after the first AIDS case This study describes German nursing students' (n=180) knowledge and attitudes relating to HIV/AIDS, their homophobia level, willingness to care for people with AIDS, and their approach to possible sexual risk behaviours. A questionnaire was used to collect the data (response rate 97.8%). The results indicated that the nursing students had a rather high knowledge level concerning AIDS. However, there were gaps of knowledge, such as regarding AIDS immunopathology or the symptoms of the disease. Single nursing students and those having cared for a person with AIDS had a more thorough knowledge about the disease. In general, the attitudes towards AIDS and people with AIDS were tolerant and positive, and homophobia was only found with a small minority. Students having positive attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS had less homophobia compared to those having negative attitudes towards persons suffering from AIDS. Those with positive attitudes were more willing to care for patients with HIV/AIDS, while those with a high homophobia level were less willing to do so. In addition, students having a high AIDS knowledge level tended less towards negative attitudes and homophobia than those with a low level of knowledge. The implications of the research for nursing education will be discussed.     

Knowledge and perception of AIDS among Canadian nurses

Within the growing literature on AIDS, relatively little attention has been paid to the public's knowledge and perception of the disease. Even less is known about nurse's understanding of, and attitudes towards AIDS, even though in large part, the treatment and care of AIDS patients rests in their hands. As a partial corrective to this deficiency, this study offers a comparative examination of AIDS-related beliefs and attitudes held by nursing practitioners and nursing students in Canada. Briefly stated, what the research reveals is that Canadian nurses are less than fully informed about the disease and have over-cautious attitudes towards the care of AIDS patients. Among nursing students, lack of information is also a serious problem, although this group does tend to view AIDS patient care in a somewhat more liberal manner. It is apparent from these results that more attention needs to be paid to enhancing knowledge of, and changing attitudes towards, AIDS in the education of Canadian nurses.     

Laboratory Technologists' Attitudes Towards AIDS and AIDS Patients

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of laboratory staff towards AIDS and AIDS patients and related factors. The population consisted of the working-age laboratory technologists living in Finland (n = 5 973). A sample of 249 laboratory technologists was selected from the register of the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health using systematic random selection. The material was collected with a questionnaire. The younger laboratory technologists had more knowledge about AIDS than the older ones, and those who had more knowledge about AIDS had a more positive attitude than those with less knowledge. The attitudes were connected with the way the disease was contracted: the most positive attitudes were expressed towards the patients who had contracted AIDS through blood transfusion and the most negative towards the patients who had contracted AIDS from non-sterile needles. The factor analysis yielded six factors representing attitudes. The fear factor explained most (19%) of the laboratory technologists' attitudes towards AIDS and AIDS patients. The older laboratory technologists were more afraid of work-related infections than the younger ones. The laboratory technologists with adequate knowledge of AIDS were less afraid of contracting the virus than those with little knowledge. They wanted information mainly on the care of AIDS patients, on how to respond to them and on the ways AIDS is transmitted.     

HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa

Title. HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa. Aim. This paper is a report of a study exploring HIV/AIDS‐related knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of nurses in the largely black and rural Limpopo Province of South Africa. Background. Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion, coupled with ambivalent attitudes in caring for patients with HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. Method. A cross‐sectional study of a random sample of primary health care (PHC) (n = 71) and hospital nurses (n = 69) was carried out in 2005, using a questionnaire, focus groups and in‐depth interviews. Findings. Hospital nurses reported a higher frequency of care for patients with HIV/AIDS (P < 0·05), but less HIV/AIDS training when compared to PHC nurses (P < 0·001). HIV/AIDS knowledge was moderately adequate and associated with professional rank, frequency of care and training (P < 0·001). Attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS were mainly positive and were statistically significantly correlated with HIV/AIDS knowledge (P < 0·01) and training (P < 0·05). Three out of four nurses reported that they practised universal precautions (76·1%), but fear of occupational HIV transmission and lack of injection safety was found. Seven in 10 nurses reported previous needlestick injuries, but postexposure prophylaxis was not available in all healthcare facilities. Participants reported a higher workload because of HIV/AIDS, lack of training impacting negatively on their work, and stigma and shared confidentiality affecting them emotionally. Conclusion. There is a need for accelerated HIV/AIDS training of rural nurses and for wider implementation of universal precautions and postexposure prophylaxis availability in public health facilities in southern Africa.     

Are You Positive?: AIDS, Attitudes and Physiotherapy

This study was conducted to find out the attitudes of chartered physiotherapists towards people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A convenience sample of 144 chartered physiotherapists of all grades from nine institutions in the United Kingdom was used in the study. The physiotherapists were surveyed using a self-completion postal questionnaire. The attitude scores were generally high indicating positive attitudes towards people with HIV and AIDS. Statistical analysis using t-tests and ANOVA showed that women were found to have more positive attitudes than men. There were differing attitudes according to age, with those aged 40 plus having less positive attitudes than those aged 39 and under. Those respondents who had worked with people with HIV and AIDS had significantly more positive attitudes than those who had not worked with this client group. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in attitudes between those who had had training in HIV and AIDS and those who had not. Finally, whether the region was one of high or low prevalence had an effect on attitudes, with those in high prevalence areas having significantly more positive attitudes. The level of significance used in this study was p = > 0.05.     

基层医院医护人员安全注射知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的:调查基层医院医护人员的安全注射知识、态度和行为,为干预医护人员的安全注射行为提供依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法,对某省基层医院进行问卷调查、现场观察和访谈。结果:医护人员安全注射知识得分为(9.57±1.63)分,医护人员安全注射行为评分的多元线性回归结果显示,知识、科别、医院类别、培训方式、培训频率、对待艾滋病患者的防护态度、对滥用注射现状的认知等对医护人员注射行为安全性有影响。结论:基层医护人员安全注射知识掌握不足,基本持肯定态度,但注射行为存在安全隐患,应采取有效干预措施,增强基层医院医护人员安全注射意识,规范安全注射行为。     

Nurses' knowledge and attitudes to HIV/AIDS—An international comparison between Finland,Estonia and Lithuania

Suominen T, Koponen N, Mockiene V, Raid U, Istomina N, Vänskä M‐L, Blek‐Vehkaluoto M, Välimäki M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16 : 138–147
Nurses' knowledge and attitudes to HIV/AIDS—An international comparison between Finland, Estonia and Lithuania This paper presents baseline data on nurses' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV/AIDS in three countries: Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is steadily increasing in Finland, Estonia and Lithuania. At the same time, labour mobility and also nursing mobility between these countries increases. Previous international studies have shown that lack of knowledge and negative attitudes continue to exist. A total of 681 registered nurses from one Finnish (n = 322), one Estonian (n = 191) and one Lithuanian (n = 168) hospital were surveyed in spring 2006. The questionnaire was originally developed by Held in 1993 and modified for this study. The questionnaire has three scales: demographic and other background variable, nurses' knowledge related to HIV/AIDS, and nurses' attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS and towards the disease itself. Across the whole sample respondents showed average levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS. Years of work experience correlated negatively with the knowledge and attitude levels. A significant correlation was found between the level of knowledge and attitudes. Significant differences were found between countries, Finnish nurses showing the highest knowledge levels and most positive attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. Factors positively influencing levels of knowledge and attitudes were education, previous experience of providing care to HIV/AIDS patient or knowing someone with the infection, and willingness to provide care to HIV/AIDS patients. Supplementary education is needed to strengthen nurses' knowledge. It is important to recognize that there might be differences in knowledge and attitudes between neighbour countries. This needs to be taken into account when planning education for degrees and for further nursing education.