下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征风险列线图预测模型建立

目的建立下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)首诊患者介入术后2年内发生下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)风险列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年6月南通市第一人民医院收治的204例首诊下肢DVT介入治疗患者临床资料。采用logistic回归法筛选出介入术后2年内发生PTS的独立危险因素。根据回归分析结果建立风险列线图预测模型,内部验证模型的预测性和准确度。结果二元logistic回归分析显示,超重(OR=2.264,95%CI=1.066～4.809)、病程>14 d(OR=4.330,95%CI=2.016～9.298)、既往下肢静脉曲张病史(OR=3.332,95%CI=1.512～7.341)是下肢DVT患者介入术后2年内发生PTS的独立危险因素(P<0.05),髂静脉成形(OR=0.070,95%CI=0.016～0.301)、血栓清除Ⅲ级(OR=0.116,95%CI=0.048～0.283)为发生PTS保护因素(P<0.05)。基于这5项因素建立预测2年内发生PTS风险列线图模型,Bootstrap法内部验证显示风险列线图模型C指数高达0.8...     

甲状腺结节手术人群吸烟状态与甲状腺乳头状癌发生风险的相关性分析

目的 探讨因甲状腺结节行手术治疗者吸烟状态与甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)发生风险的相关性。方法 收集2016年1月-2020年12月因甲状腺结节在解放军总医院第一医学中心行手术切除且术后病理资料完整的5938例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中PTC 5156例,良性结节782例。比较PTC组与良性结节组患者的一般资料、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平、甲状腺自身抗体水平及病理特征等,并比较不同吸烟状态患者的临床及病理特点。采用二元logistic回归分析总体及不同性别患者吸烟状态与PTC发生风险的相关性。结果 PTC组与良性结节组吸烟者占比差异无统计学意义(P=0.104)。按性别分组后,男性PTC组吸烟者占比明显低于良性结节组(P<0.05);两组女性吸烟者占比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,与不吸烟者比较,吸烟者发生PTC的风险更低(OR=0.735,95%CI0.564～0.959);基于性别分组后,仅男性吸烟者发生PTC的风险更低(OR=0.635,95%CI0.449～0.896),女性则未见明显相关性(OR=0.910,95%CI 0...     

老年髋部骨折围手术期并发症危险因素评估

目的研究老年髋部骨折围手术期并发症相关危险因素。方法对2008年1月～2012年8月于我院因髋部骨折行手术治疗的571例老年患者临床资料进行回顾性研究,男性187例,女性384例;平均年龄73.75岁。37.8%患者合并高血压病,18.3%合并糖尿病,12.3%合并冠心病。收集并分析可能导致围手术期并发症相关危险因素,运用二分类Logistic多重逐步回归分析法;采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果围手术期并发症110例,占总数的19.26%。通过统计学分析,年龄(OR=0.6,95%CI 0.4～0.9)、术前合并高血压(OR=1.6,95%CI 1.2～2.1)、术前合糖尿病(OR=0.3,95%CI0.1～0.6)、心功能不全(OR=1.8,95%CI 1.1～2.9)、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级≥3级(OR=2.2,95%CI1.2～4.3)、WBC计数升高(OR=1.8,95%CI 1.0～3.0)、低钾(OR=2.7,95%CI 1.3～5.5)、低白蛋白(OR=1.6,95%CI 1.0～2.5)、全身麻醉(OR=1.6,95%CI 1.1-2.3)、手术时间(OR=1.9,95%CI 1.2-3.1)为老年髋部骨折围手术期内并发症危险因素(P<0.05)。结论明确术前及术中危险因素,在预防和减少围手术期并发症过程中具有重要的作用。     

TBI后颅内感染的发生情况和危险因素

目的探讨颅脑损伤(TBI)术后颅内感染的发生率及发生颅内感染的危险因素。方法 2012年1月—2015年12月川北医学院附属医院神经外科收治1 349例TBI患者,道路交通伤542例,高处跌落332例,重物砸伤291例,其他原因184例。其中47例在术后出现颅内感染(感染组),男性31例,女性16例;年龄21~65岁,平均42.0岁;按照年龄、性别进行1∶2匹配的原则选取94例术后未发生颅内感染的TBI患者作为对照组,男性58例,女性36例;年龄20~65岁,平均40.7岁。分析TBI患者发生颅内感染的危险因素。结果 TBI患者手术后并发颅内感染主要与开放性创伤、受伤至手术时间、脑室外引流时间、术后白蛋白水平有关(OR=1.629、95%CI:1.284~4.429,OR=1.531、95%CI:1.227~4.302,OR=1.776、95%CI:1.363~5.728,OR=0.601、95%CI:0.275~0.930,P0.05),与患者入院时的GCS评分关系不显著(OR=0.581、95%CI:0.241~0.836,P0.05)。结论 TBI患者术后容易并发颅内感染,开放性创伤、受伤至手术时间、脑室外引流时间是TBI患者术后并发颅内感染的危险因素,术后白蛋白水平是患者并发颅内感染的保护性因素。     

新疆生产建设兵团第三师居民肥胖与超重患病率及影响因素研究

目的:了解第三师居民肥胖与超重患病率及其影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取第三师辖区6个农牧团场居民共929人,进行问卷调查和身高体重测量,应用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析肥胖与超重患病影响因素.结果 第三师居民肥胖、超重患病率分别为62.00％、24.43％,标化率分别为46.30％、15.30％.Logistic回归分析结果显示,～25岁年龄组(OR=-1.58,P＜0.05)、～35岁年龄组(OR--0.92,P＜0.05),汉族(OR=-0.45,P＜0.05)和每天吸烟(OR=-0.43,P＜0.05)是第三师居民肥胖与超重患病的保护性因素.结论 第三师居民肥胖与超重患病率超过中国居民平均水平,已成为危害居民健康的重要公共卫生问题,应针对相关危险因素采取及时有效的预防控制措施.     

上海市部分11～18岁学生超重肥胖现状及其相关因素调查分析

目的:调查上海市部分青少年超重肥胖现状,并分析膳食营养、体力活动及生活习惯等相关因素。方法:采用随机分层整群抽样调查方法抽取上海市六个区11～18岁学生2107人(其中男性1045人,女性1062人),通过体质测试和《学生体质健康监测调查问卷》调查青少年超重肥胖现状及相关因素。结果:男生各年龄段超重肥胖检出率均大于女生,低年龄段男女生超重肥胖检出率均大于高年龄段。本研究结果显示体力活动与肥胖关系较为密切。结论:应特别重视低年龄段男生的体重控制。     

体重指数与体脂率指标评价肥胖:基于诊断试验的比较研究

目的:通过诊断试验评价体重指数(BMI)诊断肥胖的价值,并比较BMI与体脂率两种指标对肥胖相关疾病高血压、动脉硬化的预测价值,为肥胖的评价研究及指标应用的适应性提供参考。方法:采用分层整群方法,以3149名江苏省社区自然人群作为研究对象进行回顾性研究,同时测量BMI和体脂率。体脂率采用WHO和ASBP(美国减肥专科医学会)两种标准评价,筛查高血压和动脉硬化作为相关疾病。以体脂率定义的肥胖为效标,采用诊断试验的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估BMI的诊断价值,并分析和比较BMI与体脂率两种指标对肥胖相关疾病的预测价值。结果:(1)BMI对肥胖(以体脂率定义)的诊断价值:女性的ROC曲线下面积为0.949(WHO标准)、0.906(ASBP标准),高于男性的0.864(WHO、ASBP两标准相同);不同年龄组中,20~39岁青年人群的曲线下面积最高;上述非参数检验P<0.01。(2)根据ROC曲线,与原切点相比,BMI调整切点为男26 kg/m~2、女25 kg/m~2(体脂率WHO标准)或男26 kg/m~2、女23 kg/m~2(体脂率ASBP标准),预测肥胖的特异度从90%~99%下降到76%~87%,但灵敏度从17%~43%大幅度增加到78%~89%,总体精确程度大幅增加;调整切点后,肥胖检出率的一致性检验Kappa系数男性从0.475提高到0.537,女性从0.115提高到0.655。当体脂率为WHO标准时,BMI预测肥胖的灵敏度、特异度均比ASBP标准更高。(3)BMI预测高血压、动脉硬化的ROC曲线下面积分别为男性0.688(95%CI:0.656~0.720)、0.613(95%CI:0.586~0.642),女性0.745(95%CI:0.708~0.782)、0.692(95%CI:0.659~0.726);体脂率预测高血压、动脉硬化的ROC曲线下面积分别为男性0.687(95%CI:0.655~0.718)、0.635(95%CI:0.608~0.663),女性0.723(95%CI:0.681~0.764)、0.683(95%CI:0.648~0.718);上述P<0.01。(4)男性体脂率对动脉硬化的预测价值(曲线下面积)高于BMI(u=2.05,P<0.05),女性无差异(u=0.75,P>0.05);男、女体脂率和BMI对高血压的预测价值均无差异(u=0.92、1.26,P>0.05)。结论:(1)大样本研究时,BMI对肥胖(体脂率评价)有较高的诊断价值,尤其是女性、青年人群;BMI指标具备可替代性,但需要考虑切点的调整。(2)BMI和体脂率两种指标均可有效地预测人群高血压、动脉硬化风险,在女性和青年人中应用价值更大。(3)参照中国肥胖问题工作组的BMI标准,体脂率WHO标准比ASBP标准更适合中国人群评价肥胖。     

甲状腺乳头状癌伴桥本甲状腺炎患者中央淋巴结转移的危险因素及术前预测价值

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)伴桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者中央淋巴结转移的危险因素及术前预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2020-01至2022-12武警特色医学中心收治的257例PTC伴HT患者的基本信息、术前超声特征和甲状腺功能。根据有或无中央淋巴结转移分为两组,使用多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响中央淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 257例中有118例(45.91%)存在中央淋巴结转移。与无中央淋巴结转移患者比较,中央淋巴结转移患者的平均血清TGAb水平高,血清TPOAb水平低(P=0.00)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤位置(中部OR=2.162,95%CI:1.892～2.470,P=0.000;下部OR=6.763,95%CI:3.647～12.53,P=0.000)、中央淋巴结边缘不规则(OR=3.535,95%CI:1.303～9.586,P=0.013)、中央淋巴结微钙化(OR=9.916,95%CI:5.264～18.67,P=0.000)、血清TGAb水平升高(OR=7.124,95%CI:1.560～1.905,P=0.000)是PTC伴HT患者中央淋...     

经CT测量的男女内脏脂肪差异与肿瘤代谢可协同预测肾透明细胞癌病人总体生存率

目的验证在肾脏透明细胞癌(RCC)病人中,经CT测量的男女腹部内脏脂肪含量差异及测定肿瘤葡萄糖代谢的基因表达是否有助于预测RCC病人的预后。材料与方法本研究回顾性分析222例RCC病人。采用CT测量身体脂肪含量,将其分为皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪区域(VFA),并行全身脂肪校正得到相对VFA(r VFA)和相对皮下脂肪区域。收集病人的39个糖酵解基因表达的性别差异特征,代谢的性别差异与rVFA进行比较。分析RCC主要突变基因与rVFA和肿瘤糖酵解特征的相关性。结果 rVFA30.9%的女性死亡风险增加[女性风险比为3.66(95%CI:1.64～8.19)]:[男性风险比为1.13(95%CI:0.58～2.18),P=0.028]。糖酵解基因表达在男女间分层,19例女性病人低rVFA和低糖酵解水平的总体生存率极好(P0.001)。SETD2和BAP1突变会提高女性肿瘤病人的肿瘤糖酵解水平(P=0.036和0.001)。高rVFA和低rVFA肿瘤病人的基因突变差异无统计学意义。结论男女内脏脂肪差异和肿瘤葡萄糖糖代谢差异有可能为透明细胞RCC病人提供一种新的风险分层体系。     

综合危险因素预测稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变

目的分析肾功能损害等危险因素对稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的相关性,并建立评估冠脉病变的数学模型。方法1024例行冠脉造影患者分为病变组(625例)和对照组(399例),评估肾功能损害等冠心病的临床危险因素,以Logistic回归结合ROC曲线分析其与冠脉病变的相关性,并建立评估冠脉病变的回归模型。结果回归分析显示尿蛋白:肌酐比值>7.25μg/mg(OR=3.6;95%CI2.6～4.9;P<0.001),超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)>20mmol/L(OR=3.2;95%CI2.3～4.4;P<0.01),GFR<60ml/min·1.73m2(OR=2.3;95%CI1.4～3.8;P<0.01),左室射血分数(LVEF)<50%(OR=2.3;95%CI1.4～3.6;P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白>2.6mmol/L(OR=2.1;95%CI1.6～2.9;P<0.01),吸烟史(OR=2.0;95%CI1.4～2.8;P<0.01),男性(OR=1.8;95%CI1.2～2.6;P=0.002),糖尿病(OR=1.6;95%CI1.1～2.4;P<0.05)及高血压(OR=1.5;95%CI1.1～2.1;P<0.01)为冠脉病变相关的独立因素。建立评估冠脉病变回归模型:P/(1-P)=EXP(-2.453 1.270×尿蛋白:肌酐比值>7.25μg/mg 1.158×hsCRP>20mmol/L 0.819×GFR<60ml/min·1.73m2 0.813×LVEF<50% 0.761×低密度脂蛋白>2.6mmol/L 0.676×吸烟史 0.594×男性 0.459×糖尿病 0.425×高血压)。ROC曲线下面积0.811,切点为0.977,灵敏度49.0%,特异度92.7%。结论肾功能损害等危险因素与冠脉病变显著相关。Logistic回归模型对无创评估冠脉病变有一定的临床实用价值。     

Risk of obesity in relation to physical activity tracking from youth to adulthood

PURPOSE: Maintaining a high level of physical activity throughout one's lifetime may decrease the risk of obesity. We evaluated how physical activity patterns from youths (9-18 yr) to adulthood are associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a population of young adults. METHODS: As part of the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, we assessed physical activity over a 21-yr follow-up in a cohort of 1319 subjects. Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire completed in conjunction with a medical examination. RESULTS: During the follow-up, 33.1% of men and 32.0% of women were classified as persistently active, and 11.5% of men and 7.4% of women as persistently inactive. Both decreasingly active and persistently inactive subjects were more likely to be obese as adults compared with persistently active subjects. In women, being decreasingly active from youth to adulthood compared with being persistently active was independently associated with the risk of being overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9 kg.m(-2), odds ratio (OR) = 2.35, confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-4.78), obese (BMI > or = 30.0 kg.m(-2), OR = 2.72, CI = 1.04-7.09), mildly abdominally obese (WC = 800-879 mm, OR = 2.21, CI = 1.01-4.84), and severely abdominally obese (WC > or = 880 mm, OR = 2.19, CI = 1.03-4.67), after adjustment for several variables including childhood fatness. In men, decreasing physical activity during their lifetime was associated with mild (WC = 940-1019 mm, odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, CI = 1.00-3.19) and severe (WC > or = 1020 mm, OR = 2.47, CI = 1.27-4.78) abdominal obesity in unadjusted analyses, but these two associations disappeared after adjustment for confounding variables (OR = 1.51, CI = 0.72-3.17 and OR = 1.62, CI 0.66-4.02, respectively). In men, changes in physical activity were not associated with obesity or overweight as defined by cut-points of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining a high level of physical activity from youth to adulthood is independently associated with lower risk of abdominal obesity in among women, but not men. These findings suggest that changes in physical activity patterns during the lifetime may contribute to the development of abdominal obesity in women.     

Validity and reliability of a physical activity recall instrument among overweight and non-overweight men and women

This study examined the validity and reliability of survey items measuring one-week recall of physical activity (PA) and examined differences by weight status. A sub-aim of the study was to objectively assess the intensity of activity that most closely matches self-report. A questionnaire was administered to adults twice, three days apart. It was again administered after subjects wore a MTI/CSA accelerometer for seven days (n = 118). Several metabolic equivalent (MET) thresholds were applied to the accelerometer data. Agreement between test and re-test estimates of sufficient physical activity for health benefits (150 min/week) was high (% agreement > 90%). Correlations (rho) between total reported PA (mins/day) and accelerometer data were 0.29 (p < 0.05) among men and 0.25 (p < 0.05) among women. Among men, self-reported duration of moderate PA (3-5.9 METS) and accelerometer data were significantly correlated (rho = 0.40, p < 0.01), with no differences by weight status. Among women, a significant relationship was found only for those who were not overweight (rho = 0.52, p < 0.001). A significant correlation between self-reported duration of vigorous PA (6+ METS) and accelerometer data was only found for overweight men (rho = 0.40, p < 0.05). When lower MET thresholds were applied to the accelerometer data, women's reported duration of moderate-intensity PA was most strongly correlated with moderate PA (accelerometer) defined as 2.0-5.9 METS (rho = 0.39, p < 0.01). The recall instrument provides a consistent measure of physical activity and validation coefficients were similar to those obtained for other physical activity recall questionnaires. However, the ability to measure PA by self-report may vary by weight status.     

Associations between physical activity dose and health-related quality of life

PURPOSE: Although the beneficial effects of participation in regular physical activity (PA) are widely accepted, dose-response relationships between PA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) remain unclear. METHODS: We examined relationships between frequency, duration, and intensity of PA and HRQOL among 175,850 adults using data from the 2001 BRFSS. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and body mass index. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence (standard error) of 14 or more unhealthy (physical or mental) days during the previous 30 d was 28.4% (0.50) among physically inactive adults, 16.7% (0.27) among those with insufficient levels of PA, and 14.7% (0.22) among adults who met recommended levels. Overall, participation in no moderate PA (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.85-2.21) was associated with an increased likelihood of having 14 or more unhealthy days. Also for moderate PA, participation every day of the week (5-6 d x wk as referent) (OR: 1.35; 1.26-1.46) was associated with an increased likelihood of 14 or more unhealthy days, as was participation for periods < 20 min (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.30-1.58) or > or = 90 min (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.14-1.31) per day (30-59 min x d as referent). Similar associations were observed for participation in vigorous PA. CONCLUSION: Persons achieving recommended levels of PA were more likely to report fewer unhealthy days compared with inactive and insufficiently active persons; however, participation in daily moderate or vigorous PA and participation in very short (< 20 min x d) or extended ( > or = 90 min x d) periods of PA was associated with poorer HRQOL. Further research examining the relationship between the dose of PA and HRQOL as well as other health outcomes is needed.     

Physical activity in an Old Order Amish community

One method to assess the impact of modern technology on physical activity is to examine a group whose lifestyle has not changed markedly in the last 150 yr. The Old Order Amish refrain from driving automobiles, using electrical appliances, and employing other modern conveniences. Labor-intensive farming is still the preferred occupation. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to characterize the physical activity (PA) levels in an Old Order Amish farming community and to examine measures of adiposity in this group. METHODS: Ninety-eight Amish adults (18-75 yr of age) in southern Ontario were studied. Anthropometric variables included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent body fat (% BF). Participants were asked to wear an electronic pedometer for 7 d and to fill out a log sheet on which they recorded steps per day and physical activities. After 1 wk, they returned the pedometers and log sheets and filled out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: The average number of steps per day was 18,425 for men versus 14,196 for women (P < 0.05). Men reported 10.0 h.wk-1 of vigorous PA, 42.8 h.wk-1 of moderate PA, and 12.0 h.wk-1 of walking. Women reported 3.4 h.wk-1 of vigorous PA, 39.2 h.wk-1 of moderate PA, and 5.7 h.wk-1 of walking. Men had higher levels of energy expenditure than women (P < 0.001). A total of 25% of the men and 27% of the women were overweight (BMI > or = 25), and 0% of the men and 9% of the women were obese (BMI > or = 30). CONCLUSIONS: The Amish we studied had very high levels of physical activity, which may contribute to their low prevalence of obesity. This group probably represents an upper extreme for "lifestyle PA" in North America today.     

Physical activity patterns and obesity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women

PURPOSE: Cultural differences in diet and lifestyle patterns probably contribute to cancer rates among ethnic groups in the United States. In this paper, we describe physical activity patterns of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women living in the southwestern United States and the effects of these patterns on obesity. METHODS: We use data from population-based controls (N = 2039) participating in the 4-Corner's Breast Cancer Study to evaluate associations between physical activity and language acculturation and the associated effects on obesity. RESULTS: The majority of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women did not perform 30 min of activity > or = 5 d x wk(-1), although a greater percentage of Hispanic women meet the goal if they reported higher levels of language acculturation. However, the type and intensity of activities performed by Hispanic and non-Hispanic women differed; Hispanic women reported more housework, dependent care giving, dancing, and work activity. Differences in activity patterns existed by level of language acculturation among Hispanic women. Hispanic women who had higher levels of language acculturation reported continued activity throughout their lives. Prevalence of obesity was greater among Hispanic than non-Hispanic white women for all levels of language acculturation. Women with intermediate levels of language acculturation had the greatest relative risk of obesity compared with non-Hispanic white women (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.85-4.02); Hispanic women with higher levels of language acculturation also were at increased relative risk of obesity (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.28-2.47). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to increase physical activity among Hispanic women are needed to address the problems of physical inactivity and obesity in that population. Facilitating culturally relevant activities might be reasonable approaches to increasing physical activity.     

Comparison of two physical activity questionnaires in obese subjects: the NUGENOB study

PURPOSE: Simple instruments are needed to assess habitual physical activity (PA) in obese subjects. In a multicenter European obesity project, we tested whether PA assessments by two questionnaires were correlated and similarly associated to selected obesity-related variables. METHODS: A total of 757 obese subjects (75% female; age 37.1 [7.9] yr, BMI 35.5 [4.9] kg.m(-2), mean [SD]) completed the Baecke questionnaire (assessing work, sport, and nonsport leisure activity) and the short last 7-d version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; assessing vigorous, moderate-intensity, walking activity, and sitting). We assessed percent body fat (bioimpedance), waist circumference, and fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, and FFA. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMAIR). RESULTS: Using the IPAQ, only about one third of men and women were classified as insufficiently active. Total habitual PA assessments by the Baecke and IPAQ were significantly related (Spearman rho = 0.51 in total sample, P < or = 0.0001, with adjustment for age, gender, and center). Using principal component analysis, we built two uncorrelated indices corresponding to general obesity (determined by high body fat and leptin) and abdominal obesity (determined by high waist circumference and HOMAIR). PA scores from both questionnaires were negatively related to general and abdominal obesity indices, except for abdominal obesity with the IPAQ in men. CONCLUSIONS: Total PA assessments by the two questionnaires were found to correlate significantly, and the general pattern of associations of PA with general obesity was similar for the two questionnaires. However, the IPAQ may capture less of the relationships between PA and abdominal obesity than the Baecke, especially in men. Reporting of habitual PA in obese subjects with the IPAQ warrants further evaluation against objective assessment methods.     

Physical activity is inversely associated with high blood pressure independently of overweight in Brazilian adolescents

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels and physical activity (PA) domains accounting for overweight/obesity. Adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old were recruited (n = 1021). International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria were used to define overweight and obesity. High BP was defined using the Center of Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Different domains of PA (school activities, sport out of school, and leisure time PA) were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 21.9% for boys and 14.8% for girls. Some 13.4% of boys and 10.2% of girls, respectively, had high blood pressure (HBP). A strong and positive association was found between overweight and HBP. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), total PA was inversely associated with BP. When all PA domains were entered simultaneously in a regression model, and after adjustment for BMI, only sport out of school was significantly and inversely associated with systolic BP [β: –0.82 (–1.50; –0.13)]. These findings open avenue for the early prevention of HBP by the prevention of obesity and promotion of PA.     

飞行人员高血压病及危险因素调查分析

目的 调查飞行人员高血压发病情况,探讨引起飞行人员高血压病的危险因素. 方法 回顾分析1 070名飞行人员体检资料及同时进行的问卷调查资料.采用SPSS 13.0软件,组间计数资料比较进行x2检验,高血压与危险因素的关系采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析. 结果 1 070名飞行人员中患高血压病者76人,患病率为7.10％;正常血压者401人,占37.48％;正常高值血压者593人,占55.42％.不同专业、不同飞行机种飞行人员间高血压发病率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;高血压病的主要预测因子有年龄（OR=1.415,95％CI：1.069～1.874,P＜0.05）、体质指数（OR=2.501,95％CI：1.915～3.266,P＜0.01）、腹围（OR=2.235,95％CI：1.723～2.897,P＜0.01）和高胆固醇血症（OR=1.372,95％CI：1.043～1.804,P＜0.05）. 结论 本组飞行人员高血压患病率低于普通人群.年龄、超重或肥胖、高胆固醇血症是飞行人员高血压的主要危险因素.不同专业、不同机种的飞行人员高血压患病率差异无统计学意义.     

Stress and life dissatisfaction are inversely associated with jogging and other types of physical activity in leisure time--The Copenhagen City Heart Study

The associations between physical activity in leisure time with special focus on jogging and the level of mental stress and life dissatisfaction were studied in 12 028 randomly selected men and women aged 20-79 years. The associations were similar in men and women; thus, results are given for pooled data. The odds ratios (ORs) are presented as adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and income. With increasing physical activity in leisure time, there was a decrease in high level of stress, between sedentary persons and joggers, OR=0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.16 to 0.56). With increasing physical activity there was also a decrease in life dissatisfaction, between sedentary persons and joggers, OR=0.30 (95% CI from 0.18 to 0.52). Although there was a dose-response effect between physical activity and psychosocial well-being the most pronounced difference with regard to the level of stress and dissatisfaction was seen between the group with low and the group with moderate physical activity, e.g., 2-4 h of walking per week. In conclusion, we recommend that increased well-being should be a key argument in future campaigns for increased leisure-time physical activity.