肘部尺神经卡压的定位诊断和电生理学研究

目的：对肘部尺神经卡压进行精确定位和电生理学研究。方法：对４６例临床诊断为肘部尺神经卡压患者，除进行常规ＥＭＧ、ＮＣＶ、和尺神经混合神经动作电位（ＭＮＡＰ）测定以外，还进行尺神经短段传导时间（ｓｈｏｒｔｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｔｉｍｅ，ＳＳＣＴ）测定。结果：４６例经ＳＳＣＴ测定，发现了卡压最常发生的４个部位，即肱骨内上髁后神经沟、肱尺弓、尺侧腕屈肌的出口和内侧肌间隔。结论：和传统的电生理测定方法相比较，ＳＳＣＴ技术可以更精确地对尺神经卡压进行定位诊断     

肘部尺神经半脱位的解剖学和流行病学研究

目的：研究肘部尺神经半脱位的发生原因及其临床意义。方法：对１００侧成人尸体肘部的尺神经位置进行解剖观察；在人群中随机调查了８５４位正常人肘部尺神经的位置。结果：肘管深度为７．１±０．１４ｍｍ（χ±ｓχ）。解剖观察发现，６侧肢体的尺神经在屈肘时发生半脱位，肘管深度平均为４．８ｍｍ。８５４位正常人肘部尺神经半脱位发生率为８．９％（７６／８５４）。结论：绝大多数的肘部尺神经半脱位是先天性的。肘部尺神经半脱位不一定是肘部尺神经卡压的发病原因。     

尺神经微创松解及前置治疗肘部尺神经卡压综合征

肘部尺神经卡压综合征的治疗一般采用松解、前置的方法，自1996年3月～2001年3月共收治8例患者，利用显微外科技术，松解尺神经，保留尺神经伴行血管，效果满意。     

手术治疗肘部尺神经卡压综合征

肘部尺神经卡压综合征是尺神经在尺神经沟内的一种进行性慢性损害,亦称肘管综合征、迟发性尺神经炎,其发病率在周围神经卡压综合征中仅次于腕管综合征,目前有效的治疗方法为手术治疗[1-2].     

肘部尺神经卡压症

目的 :探讨肘部尺神经卡压症的术式及并发症。方法 :8例采用单纯松解术 ,3 0例采用前置术 ,对所有病人从struths弓到屈指深肌腱膜进行探查松解 ,术中保护尺神经血供。结果 :尺神经在肘部多处可受到卡压 (平均 2 4处 )。随访平均 2 2个月 ,按 2 0 0 0年手外科学会周围神经功能评价标准评价 ,优良率 86 8%。神经卡压症状在1年内手术术后疗效好。结论 :手术对尺神经卡压的 5个部位都应进行探查、松解。根据不同的病例选择前置或单纯的松解术。     

肘部尺神经卡压症的手术治疗

我们从1995年起治疗肘部尺神经卡压症23例,优良率87.1%.现报道如下. 1 临床资料 本组23例,男17例,女6例;年龄27～62岁,平均42岁.右侧12例,左侧11例.病程4～54月,平均12.1月.表现为手的尺侧痛觉改变23例,小鱼际肌、骨间肌萎缩16例,爪形手畸形11例,肘部Tine1征阳性19例.肌电图显示尺神经传导速度减慢(<40mm/s).     

肘部骨赘致尺神经卡压征1例

孙××，男，53岁，木匠。1995年2月14日入院，诉3个月前右手环、小指酸麻不适，抓持无力，精细动作不能。1个月后继发手掌尺侧胀痛，屈肘时为甚。检查：右手环、小指爪样畸形，无明显肌肉萎缩，尺侧1个半指感觉迟钝，环、小指指深屈肌和尺侧腕屈肌肌力均为Ill级s夹指征（＋），肘部尺神经Tinel氏征（十）。其它未见异常。X线检查：右肘关节诸骨骨质增生。诊断：右肘部尺神经卡压征。手术治疗：右肘部尺神经探查。术中见肘部尺神经浅面有一2．ocmXI．ocmXI．ocm囊肿压迫之，其基底附着于神经外膜。手术显微镜下切除该囊肿，其内容物为淡…     

尺神经手背支卡压所致腕尺侧痛的解剖和临床研究

目的 对尺神经手背支卡压引起腕尺侧痛的机理进行研究并探讨尺神经手背支卡压症的诊断和治疗。方法 对40侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体前臂部和腕部进行大体解剖和显微解剖。在临床上诊治了13例尺神经手背支卡压的病例并进行分析。结果 尺神经手背支在尺骨茎突以近5.6-6.8cm处尺侧腕屈肌（腱）深面内侧缘穿出,紧贴尺骨行走,在尺骨小头内侧分成2－3大支,其中的横支紧贴骨膜,横跨尺骨小头或绕经尺骨小头远端斜行向桡侧,腕关节活动和尺骨小头的位置改变极易对其造成损伤。临床发现患该症的患者尺骨小头远端或尺侧缘有一显著而局限的压痛点,其周围有局部的皮肤感觉改变。13个病例中,7例局部封闭,6例手术,其中9例随访4个月－1年,未见复发。结论 腕关节反复屈伸时尺神经手背支尤其是横支被牵拉和压迫是造成尺神经手背支卡压的解剖学基础。临床上对腕尺侧痛并有皮肤感觉改变的病例,应考虑尺神经手背支卡压的可能性。     

肘部尺神经滑脱

通过流行学调查和病理解剖观察，提示尺神经滑脱可能与组织结构发育缺陷有关，如肱骨内上踝较小，肘管三角韧带及尺神经系膜松驰等。男女之间尺神经滑脱发生率有显著性差异。肘部尺神经滑脱并非少见，临于尺神经滑脱者发生肘部尺神经损害的危险性较一般人群高，一旦尺神经损害其所支配的已挛缩的手内在肌很难恢复，尺神经滑脱者值得人们注意 肘部尺神经损害的易感人群，因尺神经滑脱者除上述结构缺陷外，更重要的是尺神经滑脱过程为     

应用肌电电生理检测肘部尺神经卡压

尺神经肘部卡压在临床上很常见,但因其临床症状易与腕尺管综合征、胸廓出口综合征、颈椎间盘突出征相混淆,不利于鉴别诊断,易造成误诊和误治。本项肌电电生理检测方法可以对尺神经肘部卡压做出精确的定位诊断。现将经手外科手术证实的42例尺神经卡压病人的肌电电生理检测结果分析报道如下。     

Compression of the Deep Palmar Branch of the Ulnar Nerve by a Ganglion

A ganglion originating from the pisotriquetral joint is the most common cause of distal ulnar nerve compression. Midpalmar ganglions causing ulnar nerve compression are rare. This case describes a ganglion arising from the third carpometacarpal joint causing compression of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve.Investigation performed at the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada     

Processus Supracondyloidea Humeri with Concomitant Compression of the Median Nerve and the Ulnar Nerve

Compression of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve due to the anatomical anomaly processus supracondyloidea humeri is a rare condition. a case of combined median and ulnar nerve compression is described. Diagnostics and treatment are discussed in the light of the present case history and those described in the literature. The conclusion is that the treatment should be subperiosteal resection of the process together with the origin of the pronator teres muscle.     

尺侧腕屈肌肌电检测对尺神经卡压征定位的意义

为揭示尺神经在不同部位卡压与尺侧腕屈肌功能受损之间的关系，对５０例尺侧腕屈肌及其神经支配做了解剖学研究。尺侧腕屈肌上部的中１／３为肌电检测的最佳部位，此处肌平均宽度２９．７±２．２ｍｍ，厚度８．２±１．１ｍｍ。尺侧腕屈肌支在臂部和前臂上部由尺神经发出，其纤维均穿经时管后入肌。除时管综合征以外，胸廓出口综合征和腕尺管综合征均不会损害尺侧腕屈肌功能。为临床对该卡压征的定位诊断提供了应用要点。     

Endoscopic Anterior Transposition of Ulnar Nerve (EATUN) for Treatment of Tardy Ulnar Nerve Palsy

BackgroundTardy ulnar nerve palsy is the development of late onset ulnar nerve dysfunction and is usually treated by open anterior transposition of ulnar nerve. Open technique is done using a longitudinal incision about 6–8 inch. in length with chances of development of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve neuromas.PurposeIn this study, we describe the technique of Endoscopic Anterior Transposition of Ulnar Nerve (EATUN procedure) to treat tardy ulnar nerve palsy and analyze the results.MethodsSeven patients diagnosed to have tardy ulnar nerve palsy was treated by EATUN. The humerus-elbow-wrist angle (HEW), pre- and post-operative intrinsic muscle power and sensory assessment, Dellon scores, and the Q-DASH was analyzed.ResultsThe minimum follow-up was 12 months (Mean 27.4 months, Range 12–36 months). Improvement in Dellon and Q-DASH scores following EATUN procedure was statistically significant. There was objective improvement of intrinsic muscle power and sensation on follow-up, though not statistically significant. No instance of neuroma of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm was noted.ConclusionsThe endoscopic anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is a good option in surgical management of tardy ulnar nerve palsy.Level of evidenceTherapeutic Level IV.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00366-w.     

神经膜内迟发性受压综合征的外科处理

目的 探讨神经干膜内由于假性神经瘤或瘢痕组织引起的迟发进行性神经卡压综合征的临床特点和治疗方法。方法 对神经干连续性存在,而有神经膜内神经瘤或瘢痕形成之病例进行显微外科手术切除与重建治疗。结果 因神经内假性神经瘤或瘢痕卡压导致的症候群,在手术后对６周内得到解除,平均为２周。对神经纤维不同程度损伤所致假性神经瘤,经切除后,做神经移植修复病例,依据修复神经平面不同,在术后３－１２个月获得恢复,平均恢复     

Median Nerve Compression in the Forearm: A Clinical Diagnosis

Background: Median nerve entrapment in the forearm (MNEF) without motor paralysis is a challenging diagnosis. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, and outcomes following surgical decompression of MNEF. Methods: The study reviewed 147 patient medical charts following MNEF surgical decompression. With exclusion of patients with combined nerve entrapments (radial and ulnar), polyneuropathy, neurotmetic nerve injury, or median nerve motor palsy, the study sample included 27 patients. Data collected include: clinical presentation and pain, strength, provocative testing, functional outcomes, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores. Results: The study included 27 patients (mean follow-up = 7 months), and 13 patients had previous carpal tunnel release (CTR). Clinical presentation included pain (n = 27) (forearm, n = 22; median nerve innervated digits, n = 21; and palm, n = 21) and positive clinical tests (forearm scratch collapse test, n = 27; pain with compression over the flexor digitorum superficialis arch/pronator, n = 24; Tinel sign, n = 11). Positive electrodiagnostic studies were found for MNEF (n = 2) and carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 11). Primary CTR was performed in 10 patients and revision CTR in 7 patients. Postoperatively, there were significant (P < .05) improvements in strength, pain, quality of life, and DASH scores. Conclusions: The MNEF without motor paralysis is a clinical diagnosis supported by pain drawings, pain quality, and provocative tests. Patients with persistent forearm pain and median nerve symptoms (especially after CTR) should be evaluated for MNEF. Surgical decompression provides satisfactory outcomes.