尺神经肌下前置术治疗尺神经延迟麻痹

尺神经肌下前置术治疗尺神经延迟麻痹谈志秋，邵维城，秦世杰，王毛顺尺神经肌下前置术是在尺神经前置术的同时，加作肱骨内上踝屈腕肌群起点松解，以此治疗尺神经延迟麻痹，可使尺神经嵌压得以松解；屈腕肌群亦得以松解。用本法治疗，具有比尺神经皮下前置术有更好的疗效...     

内窥镜辅助下肘管减压尺神经前置术的应用解剖

目的 在尸体上模拟内窥镜辅助下肘管减压及尺神经前置术,探讨该术式的注意事项.方法 在8具上肢标本上模拟内窥镜辅助下肘管减压及尺神经前置术,再对尸体进行解剖,观察尺神经松解、前置效果及有无前臂内侧皮神经损伤.结果 8侧标本均顺利去除肘部尺神经卡压的因素,前置尺神经充分,固定牢靠,未形成继发卡压.在肘管减压及尺神经松解过程中前臂内侧皮神经后支均未损伤.皮下筋膜与屈肌旋前圆肌肌膜缝合固定法缝扎前臂内侧皮神经后支2例,筋膜瓣法固定未对前臂内侧皮神经造成损伤.结论 在内窥镜辅助下能切除肘部尺神经卡压的常见因素,前置尺神经充分,并能有效降低前臂内侧皮神经后支的损伤,但需注意皮下筋膜与屈肌旋前圆肌肌膜缝合固定法易缝扎前臂内侧皮神经后支,而筋膜瓣法固定相对安全.     

肘部尺神经卡压症

目的 :探讨肘部尺神经卡压症的术式及并发症。方法 :8例采用单纯松解术 ,3 0例采用前置术 ,对所有病人从struths弓到屈指深肌腱膜进行探查松解 ,术中保护尺神经血供。结果 :尺神经在肘部多处可受到卡压 (平均 2 4处 )。随访平均 2 2个月 ,按 2 0 0 0年手外科学会周围神经功能评价标准评价 ,优良率 86 8%。神经卡压症状在1年内手术术后疗效好。结论 :手术对尺神经卡压的 5个部位都应进行探查、松解。根据不同的病例选择前置或单纯的松解术。     

尺神经肌下前置术后解剖学变化及动态分析

目的从解剖学的角度为治疗肘管综合征选择肌下前置术式提供理论依据. 方法分析32例肘管综合征临床资料,男22例,女10例.年龄17～73岁.观察尺侧上副血管的分支分布及其与尺神经的关系,尺神经病变的部位、范围、粗细等;用扩张器测量新肘管容积.将20侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体上肢标本,分别制成尺神经皮下前置及肌下前置模型,动态观测设定范围内尺神经移位前后肘关节不同伸屈状态下的长度变化,进行对比分析. 结果尺侧上副动脉可与尺神经一同前置,新肘管重建后可充分容纳尺神经.皮下前置伸肘位时,尺神经较移位前被拉长7.55%±0.52%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肌下前置伸肘位时,尺神经长度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论肘部尺神经肌下前置术较好地解决了尺神经肘部受压迫及屈肘受牵拉的问题,尺神经前置后其血供及组织床良好,新肘管宽松,对尺神经无卡压,术式符合生物力学及神经生理学要求,是治疗肘管综合征可选择的术式.     

尺神经肌下前置术治疗肘管综合征

目的 探讨尺神经松解加肌下前置术治疗肘管综合征的有效性。方法 观测２０例成人尸体上肢标本及３２例患者尺神经移置前后的解剖变化,临床应用３２例。结果 尺侧上副动脉可与尺神经一前置;皮下前置伸肘位时尺神经易受牵拉,肌下前置伸、屈肘时均不受牵拉;新肘管可充分容纳尺神经。３２例中获完整随访２６例。随访期１～３年,１６例（６１．５％）恢复正常。结论 尺神经松解加肌下前置术为治疗肘管综合征较佳术式。     

腕部尺神经深支卡压综合征

目的了解腕部尺神经卡压的受压因素及其临床特点。方法对１０具２０侧成人上肢标本进行解剖,仔细观察腕部尺神经深支解剖特点;并对临床５例腕部尺神经深支卡压患者行手术治疗。结果尺神经深支均穿过小指短屈肌的腱性纤维弓,平均长５．２ｍｍ,此处尺神经深支有伴行动脉横跨;手术切开该纤维弓并作神经松解,经２～４年随访,疗效满意。结论尺神经深支卡压主要是小指短屈肌的腱性弓状缘,术中应彻底切开该缘。     

神经松解术治疗腕部尺神经卡压综合征

报道28例尺神经腕部卡压综合征,经显微外科手术治疗,取得了满意的疗效。25例为腕部尺神经管卡压,3例为单一的豆钩裂隙处尺神经深支卡压。讨论了卡压的病因病理变化特点,局部解剖特点、诊断及治疗等。     

两种尺神经前置方法治疗肘管综合征的疗效比较

目的比较尺神经皮下前置及肌下前置两种方法治疗肘管综合征的疗效,为临床选择恰当的治疗术式提供依据。方法 2006年6月-2008年10月收治39例肘管综合征患者,其中20例采用尺神经皮下前置(皮下前置组),19例采用尺神经肌下前置(肌下前置组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程及临床分型等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后肌下前置组17例(89.5%)发生尺神经卡压症状缓解后突然加重,1例(5.3%)肘部瘢痕增生;皮下前置组10例(50.0%)出现触碰肘前内侧皮肤时手部尺侧麻木;两组并发症发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.632,P=0.002)。患者均获随访,随访时间24～36个月,平均28个月。末次随访时,两组手部握力,拇、环指及拇、小指捏力,以及小指末节两点辨别觉比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但均较术前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定:皮下前置组获优5例,良12例,可1例,差2例;肌下前置组获优6例,良10例,可2例,差1例;两组比较差异无统计学意义(u=0.346,P=0.734)。参照患者源性功能调查表上肢功能评定表评定:皮下前置组为(22±7)分,肌下前置组为(19±6)分,差异无统计学意义(t=1.434,P=0.161)。结论尺神经皮下前置及肌下前置两种方法治疗肘管综合征均可达到良好疗效,其中尺神经肌下前置法并发症较少。     

尺神经微创松解及前置治疗肘部尺神经卡压综合征

肘部尺神经卡压综合征的治疗一般采用松解、前置的方法，自1996年3月～2001年3月共收治8例患者，利用显微外科技术，松解尺神经，保留尺神经伴行血管，效果满意。     

带血管蒂尺神经松解前置治疗肘管综合征

目的 初步探讨带血管蒂尺神经松解前置治疗肘管综合征的疗效.方法 总结分析79例带血管蒂尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征患者,采用肘管切开带血管蒂尺神经松解皮下前置35例、深部前置(带血管蒂肌下前置术:带血管蒂肌内前置术)治疗肘管综合征44例.结果 随访6个月～8年,平均随访3.5年.疗效按Macnicol肘管综合征术后客观判断标准评定,带血管蒂尺神经松解皮下前置术者35例,优8例,良12例,可11例,差4例;带血管蒂尺神经松解深部前置44例,优14例,良11例,可15例,差3例.结论 应用显微外科技术行带血管蒂尺神经松解前置治疗肘管综合征的效果确切,在手术显微镜下操作可有效的保护神经外膜伴行的营养血管,长期疗效满意.     

儿童肱骨内上髁骨折术后迟发性尺神经炎的预防

目的探讨骨折切开复位内固定并一期行尺神经前移术对肱骨内上髁骨折术后发生迟发性尺神经炎的预防作用。方法将57例眩骨内上髁骨折患者分为骨折切开复位内固定并一期行尺神经前移（32例）和单纯骨折切开复位内固定（25例）两组,对两组迟发性尺神经炎的发生率进行比较．结果骨折切开复位内固定并一期行尺神经前移组的迟发性尺神经炎发生率为6．25％,而单纯骨折切开复位内固定组为36％．两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 肱骨内上髁骨折切开复位内同定并一期行尺神经前移能较好地预防术后迟发性尺神经炎的发生。     

Endoscopic Anterior Transposition of Ulnar Nerve (EATUN) for Treatment of Tardy Ulnar Nerve Palsy

BackgroundTardy ulnar nerve palsy is the development of late onset ulnar nerve dysfunction and is usually treated by open anterior transposition of ulnar nerve. Open technique is done using a longitudinal incision about 6–8 inch. in length with chances of development of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve neuromas.PurposeIn this study, we describe the technique of Endoscopic Anterior Transposition of Ulnar Nerve (EATUN procedure) to treat tardy ulnar nerve palsy and analyze the results.MethodsSeven patients diagnosed to have tardy ulnar nerve palsy was treated by EATUN. The humerus-elbow-wrist angle (HEW), pre- and post-operative intrinsic muscle power and sensory assessment, Dellon scores, and the Q-DASH was analyzed.ResultsThe minimum follow-up was 12 months (Mean 27.4 months, Range 12–36 months). Improvement in Dellon and Q-DASH scores following EATUN procedure was statistically significant. There was objective improvement of intrinsic muscle power and sensation on follow-up, though not statistically significant. No instance of neuroma of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm was noted.ConclusionsThe endoscopic anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is a good option in surgical management of tardy ulnar nerve palsy.Level of evidenceTherapeutic Level IV.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00366-w.     

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in cubitus varus deformity associated with ulnar nerve dislocation in adults

Seven patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy from a posttraumatic cubitus varus deformity were reviewed retrospectively. The severity of symptoms was grade I in 3 patients and grade II in 4 patients according to McGowan's classification. The mean internal rotation angle was 30.7 degrees (range, 25 degrees -45 degrees ). The most prominent feature was dislocation of the nerve anterior to the medial epicondyle and entrapment of the nerve by the fibrous band of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Of these 7 patients, 4 were treated by 3-dimensional osteotomy with ulnar nerve transposition, and 3 were treated by anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. All patients improved clinically, and there was no significant difference between anterior transposition of the nerve in the group with osteotomy and the group without osteotomy. Ulnar nerve instability due to internal rotation deformity and distal entrapment was considered to be the main cause of neuropathy.     

Treatment of the ulnar nerve for overhead throwing athletes undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

Ulnar nerve(UN) injuries are a common complaint amongst overhead athletes. The UN is strained during periods of extreme valgus stress at the elbow, especially in the late-cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing. Although early ulnar collateral ligament(UCL) reconstruction techniques frequently included routine submuscular UN transposition, this is becoming less common with more modern techniques. We review the recent literature on the sites of UN compression, techniques to evaluate the UN nerve, and treatment of UN pathology in the overhead athlete. We also discuss our preferred techniques for selective decompression and anterior transposition of the UN when indicated. More recent studies support the use of UN transpositions only when there are specific preoperative symptoms. Athletes with isolated ulnar neuropathy are increasingly being treated with subcutaneous anterior transposition of the nerve rather than submuscular transposition. When ulnar neuropathy occurs with UCL insufficiency, adoption of the muscle-splitting approach for UCL reconstructions, as well as using a subcutaneous UN transposition have led to fewer postoperative complications and improved outcomes. Prudent handling of the UN in addition to appropriate surgical technique can lead to a high percentage of athletes who return to competitive sports following surgery for ulnar neuropathy.     

Risk factors for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow: a case control study

Summary Background. Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow is frequently encountered as the second most common compression neuropathy in the arm. As dexterity may be severely affected, the disease entity can seriously interfere with daily life and work. However, epidemiological research considering the risk factors is rarely performed. This study intended to investigate whether potential risk factors based on historical belief contribute to the development of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. Method. A hospital based case control study was performed of patients that underwent surgical treatment for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow at the neurosurgical department from June 2004 until June 2005. Controls were those patients treated for a cervical or lumbar herniated disc. The main outcome measure was the presence of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow proven clinically, and electrodiagnostically. Results. 110 patients with ulnar nerve lesions and 192 controls were identified. Smoking, education level and related working experience were identified as risk factors. Conversely, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, trauma to the elbow, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are not risk factors for the development of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. Conclusion. Risk factors are clearly defined. In the past many factors have been described, but mostly in surgical series. This study concludes that gender, previous fracture of the elbow and BMI are not predictive factors for ulnar entrapment neuropathy. However, education and working experience are closely correlated with this entity.     

Ulnar Neuropathy at the Wrist

A case of ulnar nerve compression at the wrist within Guyon’s canal is reported. The clinical presentation initially appeared consistent with an ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. The true diagnosis of an ulnar sensorimotor nerve lesion occurring within the canal of Guyon was made electrophysiologically. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated compression of the nerve within the canal by a ganglionic cyst, which was confirmed by surgical intervention. Ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist is uncommon and difficult to diagnose; therefore, it is important to understand the nerve’s anatomical course and distribution to allow for accurate diagnosis by clinical and electrodiagnostic evaluations. Electrodiagnosis is an important tool in identifying ulnar nerve lesions at the wrist while excluding other disorders in the differential and recognizing coexisting pathology.     

内窥镜及显微镜辅助下三切口治疗肘管综合征

目的总结在内窥镜及显微镜辅助下采用三切口行尺神经松解并皮下前置术治疗肘管综合征的手术方法和疗效。方法 2008年5月-2009年8月,在内窥镜及显微镜辅助下采用三切口行尺神经松解并皮下前置术治疗13例肘管综合征患者。其中男4例,女9例;年龄32～60岁,平均47.5岁。致病原因:外伤性肱骨内侧髁陈旧性骨折畸形1例,无明显外伤、长时间屈肘作业10例,尺神经滑脱2例。左侧6例,右侧7例。病程4～30个月。发病至手术时间3～20个月,平均8.5个月。10例伴手内肌萎缩。结果手术均顺利完成,手术时间45～60 min。术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等并发症发生。术后患者均获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均14个月。术后第1天,患者环、小指及掌、尺侧皮肤麻木感明显减轻。术后2周肌电图检查示前臂尺神经运动传导速度增快,波幅改善,手内肌募集反应增强。术后3个月,10例伴手内肌萎缩患者中7例肌力恢复正常,余3例肌力大部分恢复。术后12个月,患者肘管综合征临床症状消失,肘关节功能恢复正常。按照中华医学会外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准和Lascar等分级法评价疗效,获优10例,良3例,优良率100%。患者术后12～16 d(平均14 d)恢复日常工作。随访期内均无复发。结论内窥镜及显微镜辅助下采用三切口治疗肘管综合征具有手术切口小,组织创伤轻,尺神经松解及减压彻底等优点,患者术后能早期恢复日常工作,是一种治疗肘管综合征安全有效的微创手术方法。     

肘管综合征的手术治疗

目的：探讨尺神经松解前移手术治疗肘管综合征的临床效果。方法：应用该术式治疗肘管综合征36例，观察尺侧上副动脉供血情况。结果：经随访。本组病例尺神经功能均有较大改善。结论：尺神经松解前移术为治疗肘管综合征的较佳术式。