正常与炎症牙髓中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经纤维的研究

观察人正常与炎症攻髓中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应神经纤维的分布，为深入探讨神经系统如何参与牙髓的各种生理，病理２的调节作用提供新的资料。方法采用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法观察人正常牙髓中ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的分布及龋源性炎症牙髓中ＣＢＲＰ－ＩＲＦ的改变。     

牙髓炎症中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的变化

本研究的目的在于探讨牙髓炎症及修复过程的分子生物学机理。在大鼠磨牙制备近髓窝洞，封入新鲜龋坏组织，建立了大鼠牙髓炎模型。用免疫组织化学方法观察正常牙髓及炎症４天、８天、１４天牙髓降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）阳性神经纤维的变化。结果表明，ＣＧＲＰ阳性神经纤维广泛存在于正常牙髓中，大量阳性纤维进入牙本质小管；炎症４天组的牙髓中及进入牙本质小管内的阳性神经纤维均明显增多；炎症８天组冠髓部分坏死，阳性神经纤维包绕坏死区周围，根髓阳性神经纤维显著增多并可见大量“出芽”（ｓｐｒｏｕｔｉｎｇ）；炎症１４天组牙髓已大部分坏死，尖周膜腔阳性神经纤维聚集。结果提示，ＣＧＲＰ可能参与了牙髓炎症及其修复过程。     

人龋病牙髓中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的研究

目的：研究人牙髓降钙素基因相关肽（calicitonin gene-related peptide CGRP）在龋病发展过程中的变化特点，为探讨牙髓局部免疫系统如何参与牙髓的各种病理改变提供理论基础。方法：用免疫组织化学染色法标记牙髓中CGRP并进行定量研究。结果：正常及龋病牙髓中均存在CGRP，牙髓CGRP阳性神经纤维的数量随龋病进展而增多，各组间比较有显著差异。结论：正常牙髓中存在CGRP并与龋坏深度相关。龋坏早期，神经肽对龋源性刺激做出了反应，随着龋坏的发展，局部反应增强，提示CGRP可能参与了牙髓炎症修复过程。     

咬合创伤去除前后牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的变化

目的 研究咬合创伤对牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide，CGRP)阳性神经纤维的影响，以及去除咬合创伤后牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维的恢复情况。方法 利用免疫组织化学方法，观察咬合创伤去除前后不同时期大鼠实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性神经纤维的变化。结果 咬合创伤期实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维与对照牙相比逐渐出现数量增多、密度增加及纤维增粗的改变，而去除咬合创伤期实验牙牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维恢复接近正常大鼠。结论 咬合创伤能够引起大鼠牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维出现形态、分布、密度的改变，而去除创伤后大鼠牙髓组织中CGRP阳性纤维恢复接近正常大鼠。     

三叉神经痛患者神经纤维降钙素基因相关肽的观察

目的：观察三叉神经痛患者痛支与非痛支神经纤维中降钙素基因相关肽的含量变化,加深对胡叉神经痛发病机理的认识。方法：用免疫组织化学法观察１６例患者痛支与非痛支神经纤维组织中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性颗粒的差异。结果：发现痛支神经组织中降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性颗粒的数量、面积均显著多于、大于非痛支神经组织中的降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应性颗粒。结论：我们认为：三叉神经痛的痛支神经过度合成和释放降钙素基     

牙髓中的P物质,降钙素基因相关肽

神经肽(ncuropeptides)是体内传递信息的多肽,主要分布于神经组织,也分布于其它组织.同一种神经肽按其分布不同可能起递质(transmitter),调质(modulator) 或激素(hormone)样作用.近十多年来神经生物学领域中最重要的进展之一是对神经肽的研究.P物质(Substance P,SP)与降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-related peptide,CGRP)同属神经肽类,其神经末稍中枢端止于脊髓背角,外周端止于内脏器官和皮肤粘膜等组织.SP和CGRP亦存在于大多数的口腔组织中,在牙髓中的含量相当高.最近的研究表明它们可能在牙髓的炎症和愈合过程中起重要的作用.     

P物质、降钙素基因相关肽调节牙髓微循环的机制

刺激牙齿和电刺激下牙槽神经干诱发牙髓血管扩张现象的机制尚不清楚。随着对Ｐ物质 (ＳＰ)、降钙素基因相关肽 (ＣＧＲＰ)在牙髓中的分布、释放特点和药理作用的认识 ,现已明了刺激牙齿和下牙槽神经干后牙髓组织发生的充血性变化与ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ有重要联系。1　牙髓ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ能感觉神经纤维传出功能的证据感觉神经具有传入功能 ,兴奋后将信息向中枢方向传导。此外感觉神经还有传出功能 ,将兴奋逆传导方向传向外周 ,向外周组织释放神经活性物质 ,在局部组织中发挥生物学效应。牙髓组织中有丰富的ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ能感觉神经纤维。大量的…     

大鼠根尖周炎中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的变化

目的：观察降钙素基因相关肽阳性(CGRP—IR)神经纤维在大鼠根尖周炎中的变化，为进一步研究CGRP在根尖周炎中的作用提供形态学依据。方法：在大鼠磨牙制备近髓窝洞，封入新鲜龋坏组织，建立大鼠根尖周炎模型。免疫组织化学技术观察正常根尖周膜和炎症14、21d根尖周组织CGRP-IR神经纤维的变化。结果：根尖周炎时，大鼠磨牙根尖周膜CGRP—IR神经纤维增多、增粗、染色加重，并围绕在坏死组织周围。结论：根尖周炎时，根尖周膜内CGRP增多，并佗于炎症的前沿区，CGRP可能参与了根火周组织炎症及修复过程。     

降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维在鼠颞下颌关节中的分布

目的　观察鼠颞下颌关节中降钙素基因相关肽阳性神经纤维的分布特征。方法　将鼠颞下颌关节取出 ,脱钙脱水后恒冷切片 ,以ABC法漂染后进行镜检及半定量分析。结果　除关节盘中心区外 ,颞下颌关节各部位的软组织均有丰富的降钙素基因相关肽阳性纤维 ,主要沿血管尤其是动脉周围分布 ,密度为 :前部盘周附着和关节囊 (45 4 6± 72 8)mm2 、后部 (30 2 7± 43 4)mm2 、外侧 (2 40 2± 2 3 6 )mm2 、内侧 (2 2 9 6± 2 5 0 )mm2 、盘外周区 (2 0 2 4± 35 2 )mm2 。结论　降钙素基因相关肽阳性纤维广泛分布于颞下颌关节中 ,是感觉神经的一部分 ,其密度以关节前部盘周附着及关节囊中最高     

牙髓组织中降钙素基因相关肽和P物质的研究现状

近十年来,国内外学者对牙髓组织中CGRP和SP两种神经肽作了比较深入的研究。本文就降钙素基因相关肽CGRP、P物质（SP）阳性纤维在牙髓组织中的分布、CGRP和SP在牙髓组织中的作用,以及牙髓组织中这两种神经肽的临床意义作了简要综述。指出这两种神经肽在炎症、损伤、咬合创伤等情况下,参与牙髓组织的病理改变。     

蟾毒对狗牙髓CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维的影响

目的：观察狗牙髓直接封蟾毒后牙髓内降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性（简称ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ）神经纤维的动态变化。方法：采用冰冻切片和免疫组织化学方法（ＡＢＣ法）。结果：封药１ｈ，蟾毒组及可卡因组其牙髓内ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经纤维在形态、染色及数量上无显著差别；封药４ｈ，蟾毒组牙髓内ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经纤维明显断裂、数量减少、染色变浅，而可卡因组则无明显变化。结论：蟾毒快速麻痹牙髓神经的作用机理可能为一种神经毒性作用     

Intracellular complex carbohydrates in the normal and inflamed dental pulp

abstract — Forty-four inflamed pulps from human and monkey teeth were studied using histochemical staining methods. In pulps from carious human teeth, mast cells and many fibroblasts containing glycogen-like granules were regularly observed. In monkey pulps, where pulpitis was induced experimentally, mast cells were found only occasionally, and glycogen-like granules were absent. However, some fibroblasts in normal and inflamed monkey pulps contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive granules, which were resistant to amylase. Such granules were not found in human pulp fibroblasts.     

神经生长因子在恒前牙龋源性牙髓炎早期牙痛中的作用

目的：观察神经生长因子（nerve growth facter，NGF）在正常及炎症组织中的表达和表达差异，探讨其在牙髓炎症和炎性牙痛中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法和显微图像分析系统，比较NGF在正常和龋源性牙髓炎早期的表达变化，以及观察其与临床牙痛的变化关系，并设一组晚期牙髓炎的牙髓组织作为晚期炎症对照。结果：在正常牙髓中NGF染色呈弱阳性，龋源性牙髓炎早期即呈强阳性表达，晚期牙髓炎亦呈强阳性表达。炎症的发展与伴随此过程的牙齿疼痛症状相符合。结论：NGF伴随着牙髓的炎症变化。由此认为NGF在牙髓炎症及炎性牙痛中发挥重要的作用。     

CGRP1受体在大鼠牙齿及牙周组织中的表达

目的 :研究大鼠牙体、牙周组织中神经肽CGRP1受体的存在及其结合位点。方法 :利用原位杂交方法对大鼠牙齿及牙周组织切片进行染色 ,在显微镜下观察CGRP1受体的定位。结果 :CGRP1受体主要存在于大鼠牙髓及牙周组织的较大血管内皮细胞 ,未在硬组织内发现CGRP1受体。结论 :CGRP1受体在口腔组织中主要分布于较大血管 ,CGRP通过CGRP1受体对大血管起作用 ,调节口腔血流传导信号。     

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp

AIM: To examine copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) activity in clinically healthy and symptomatic human dental pulps. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five systemically healthy patients, 14 females and 11 males (age: 13.1-34.6 years; mean: 21.7 +/- 6.3), were the source of the pulp tissue. The condition of the pulps was assessed using clinical and radiographic evaluation. The pulp tissue was collected by longitudinally grooving and splitting the teeth (if extracted) or during endodontic treatment, and were age- and sex-matched between the healthy and the irreversible symptomatic pulpitis tissue groups. Cu, Zn-SOD activity was determined through spectrophotometric methods and a Mann-Whitney test assessed the significance of differences between the groups. RESULTS: The enzyme activities were 144.8 +/- 42.2 and 68.1 +/- 25.0 U mg(-1) in the healthy and irreversible symptomatic pulp tissue, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a potential role for Cu, Zn-SOD during dental pulp inflammation in humans.     

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor expression in healthy and inflamed human pulp tissue

AIM: To use radioreceptor analysis for comparing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor expression in human pulp tissue samples collected from teeth having a clinical diagnosis of acute irreversible pulpitis, healthy pulps and teeth with induced inflammation. METHODOLOGY: Six pulp samples were obtained from teeth having a clinical diagnosis of acute irreversible pulpitis. Another eight pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic purposes. In four of these premolars, inflammation was induced prior to pulp collection. All the samples were processed and labelled with 125I-CGRP. Binding sites were identified by 125I-CGRP and standard CGRP competition assays. RESULTS: CGRP receptor expression was found in all human pulp tissue samples. Most receptors were found in the group of pulps from teeth having a clinical diagnosis of acute irreversible pulpitis, followed by the group of pulps having induced inflammation. The least number of receptors was expressed in the group of healthy pulps. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (post-hoc) tests showed statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CGRP receptor expression in human pulp tissue is significantly increased during inflammatory phenomena such as acute irreversible pulpitis.     

人前磨牙牙髓牙本质复合体中CGRP阳性神经纤维的研究

目的 :研究CGRP在牙髓牙本质复合体中的表达 ,探讨牙痛、牙过敏机理。方法 :收集人前磨牙 ,石蜡包埋切片 ,免疫组化 ,图象定量分析。结果 :CGRP阳性神经纤维分布于牙髓、前期牙本质 ,但不到达成熟牙本质 ,部分分支围绕血管 ,部分分支终止于牙髓基质 ,或成牙本质细胞层 ,或前期牙本质。CGRP阳性神经纤维在冠髓的积分光密度为 12 .39± 1.6 6 ,体密度为 0 .0 182± 0 .0 10 6 ,线密度为 0 .0 0 46± 0 .0 0 2 6 ,在冠部前期牙本质的积分光密度为13 .0 7± 1.74,线段长度为 (19.42± 8.43)mm。结论 :CGRP阳性神经纤维分布于牙髓、前期牙本质 ,未达成熟牙本质 ,牙外因素引起的牙痛可能与间接刺激神经有关 ,牙内因素引起的牙痛可能与直接刺激神经有关。     

Ability of healthy and inflamed human dental pulp to reduce hydrogen peroxide

This study examined the defensive ability of human dental pulp against H2O2 in healthy and reversible and irreversible pulpitis tissues through determination of catalase activity by spectrophotometric methods. Thirty-five systemically healthy patients were donors of the pulp tissue, and pulp conditions were assessed using clinical and X-ray evaluations. Catalase activity was 1.61 +/- 0.23 U mg(-1) protein in the healthy tissues, 2.99 +/- 0.45 U mg(-1) protein in the reversible pulpitis tissues, and 2.44 +/- 467 mU mg(-1) protein in the irreversible pulpitis tissues. All differences between the groups were statistically significant. These results point to a role for catalase during dental pulp inflammation in humans, and therefore demonstrate an inherent biological defense system against reactive oxidants in human dental pulp.