川崎病急性期脑血流改变的探讨

目的：通过分析川崎病患儿脑血流的改变,了解其脑血管损害情况。方法：总结分析２０例川崎病患儿行经颅彩色多普勒（ＴＣＤ）和彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＵＣＧ）检查结果。结果：２０例患儿中ＴＣＤ显示大脑中动脉血流加快者６例,双侧大脑中动脉血流减慢６例,８例正常;而ＵＣＧ检查显示左右冠状动脉显示内膜增粗、增厚９例,左或右冠状动脉轻度扩张６例,在冠状动脉瘤形成１例,冠状动脉正常４例。结论：川崎病患儿出现脑血流改变     

人工机械瓣功能障碍的超声诊断

目的探讨超声心动图诊断人工机械瓣功能障碍的价值。方法使用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检查11例人工机械瓣术后出现功能障碍患者,其中4例与手术结果对照。结果9例二尖瓣位机械瓣超声心动图显示瓣叶表面毛糙不光滑、开放幅度减小;连续多普勒测量二尖瓣跨瓣压差半降时间估测二尖瓣口面积均小于1.2 cm^2。2例主动脉瓣位机械瓣梗阻患者,主动脉瓣位瓣膜跨瓣压差均大50 mmHg,估测主动脉瓣狭窄程度在中度以上;可显示左房血栓6例。其中4例急诊手术,结果与超声心动图诊断基本一致。结论超声心动图诊断人工机械瓣功能障碍准确。     

二维彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病患者颈、股动脉损伤的检测

探讨二维彩色多普勒（２Ｄ－ＣＤＵＳ）超声检测评价糖尿病患者颈,股动脉损伤的价值。方法：４０例糖尿病患者按年龄分为３组,用二维图像结合脉冲多普勒（ＰＷ－Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ）血流频谱检测患者颈,股动脉。按Ｕ－Ｂ６级分类对动脉损伤情况进行分级研究。结果：糖尿病组较对照组动脉损伤发生率高、程度重。     

老年退行性心脏瓣膜病的超声诊断分析

目的：探讨老年退行性瓣膜稿的超声诊断价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪观察经胸超声心动图检查的80例50岁以上老年人心脏瓣膜的形态、回声及活动度,并常规测量心脏大小及功能,同时显示CDFI（彩色多普勒超声频谱图）,观察瓣膜形态和运动情况以及有无反流。结果：确诊病例60例中,主动脉瓣、二尖瓣单纯钙化者11例（26．7％）主动脉瓣、二尖瓣钙化致瓣口狭窄者45例（73．3％）,其中合并关闭不全者15例（50％）。结论：老年退行性心脏瓣膜超声心动图检查以主动脉瓣钙化合并关闭不全多见,心脏形态和功能改变是以左房扩大和左室舒张功能减低为主。     

138例川崎病临床分析(附65例随访)

临床分析１３８例川崎病，结果：符合其诊断标准中６项主要症状者７１例，５项者５０例，４项件二维伪彩色多普勒超声心动图（２Ｉ）－ＣＦＭ）检查冠状动脉扩张（ＣＡＤ）者１７例１．７５例有心肌炎。２Ｄ－ＣＦＭ检查６３例，有３０例ＣＡＤ，内径＞３ｍｍ，２例４～５ｍｍ。１例左右冠状动脉瘤（ＣＡＡ）［９　１１ｍｍ］，且合并心包积液，二尖瓣主动脉瓣重度返流。随访６５例，急性期２Ｄ－ＣＦＭ异常的２８例，于病程６个月至１年，２６例恢复正常。继续随访３～５年，均正常。有２例（病程３个月），冠状动脉内径仍大于３ｍｍ。治疗中首选阿斯匹林，禁用肾上腺皮质激素。     

双球囊及INOUE球囊瓣膜成形术并发重度二尖瓣返流的比较

比较了双球囊法及ＩＮＯＵＥ球囊法各１３１例的即时疗效及并发重度二尖瓣关闭不全。两组病例术前的临床资料具有可比性，二尘瓣口面积增加及跨瓣压差降低的幅度在两组间无时显差异。立即临床效果良好者（二尖瓣口面积≥１．５ｃｍ￣２，二尖瓣返流≤２／４）在两组均为７８％；重度以上二尖瓣关闭不全（≥３／４）在双球囊组为５例，在ＩＮＯＵＥ球囊组为７例（Ｐ＝ＮＳ）。１２例中９例由手术或超声探查表明：瓣膜撕裂６例，交界处撕开过度２例，乳头肌断裂１例；余３例原因不详。ＩＮＯＵＥ技术组１３１例的前５０例仅用血流动力学监护，重度二尖瓣返流５例；后８１例加用彩色Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ监护，重度返流仅２例。故彩色Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ监护可降低重度二尖瓣返流的发生。     

二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对感染性心内膜炎的诊断

应用二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对５８例感染性心内膜炎患者进行常规探测，注重观察瓣膜形态，赘生物大小、数目及瓣膜返流严重程度。结果表明：（１）感染性心内膜炎５０％（２９／５８）合并有风心病、先心病等心脏疾患的基础。而５０％可发生于正常心脏。约１０％（６／５８）出现动脉栓塞。（２）５５例显示明显赘生物，大小０．３ｃｍ×０．３ｃｍ至１．５ｃｍ×１．４ｃｍ不等，附于瓣膜、心壁及血管内膜。可发生在一处，也可多处同时发生，其中以主动脉瓣为最多（２９／５８），二尖瓣次之（２６／５８），三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣较少（４／５８和２／５８）。（３）５８例瓣膜功能均有不同程度损害，９０％（５５／５８）以上的病人有中度以上关闭不全，可单瓣膜甚至多瓣膜返流并存。（４）治疗后复查：４例经治疗后赘生物消失，但关闭不全仍然存在。１例在治疗过程中出现脾、脑栓塞。４例进行摘除赘生物、换瓣治疗。结论：二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对观察赘生物形成、判断瓣膜损害程度，确诊本病具有简便、准确、快速的优点。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图对先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形的临床价值。方法对20例先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形患者彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断与手术结果对比分析。结果 20例先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形中主动脉瓣呈"︱"字形排列11例,呈"—"字形排列9例,20例均有不同程度的主动脉瓣关闭不全,9例伴有不同程度的主动脉瓣狭窄,合并有其它先天性心脏病3例。结论临床诊断本病极为困难,彩色多普勒超声心动图是诊断先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形的首选确诊工具,对临床选择相应的治疗方案,具有极为重要的临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断膜部室间隔膨出瘤

彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断膜部室间隔膨出瘤３７１医院（４５３０００）刘莉，孔学军膜部室间隔膨出瘤是一种少见先天性心血管畸形。我院彩超室自１９９１～１９９３年７月应用彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＣＤＥ）作心脏检查２６２０例，其中诊断该病６例，占０．３％，均经手...     

彩色多普勒血流显像诊断室间隔缺损的价值(与手术对比研究)

目的：与手术诊断对比研究彩色多普勒血流显像诊断室间隔损的价值。方法：应用二维超声（２ＤＥ）及彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）联合检查１４６便室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）患者,选择过隔血流速最清晰、最宽切面、取左面于ＶＳＤ起始部测量其直径,进行定性,定位及定量分析。结果：１４８例术前超声诊断１４７例,符合率９９．３％;定位符合率９３．２％;超声定量测量值大嵴上型与手术测值接近,而在嵴下型及隔瓣下较手术所见小。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.