鼻内窥镜下中、下鼻道上颌窦开窗术比较

鼻内窥镜下上颌窦开窗术是治疗慢性上颌窦炎的有效方法,传统的上颌窦根治术是在下鼻道开窗引流,当今鼻内窥镜手术多提倡扩大上颌窦自然开口,经中鼻道上颌窦开窗术。为观察不同手术径路对治疗上颌窦炎的疗效影响,增加临床实践经验,我科于１９９７年４月～１９９８年８月选择慢性上颌窦炎３７例,分别行鼻内窥镜下中、下鼻道上颌窦开窗术,并观察治疗效果。结果：３７例随访均在６个月以上,其中,中鼻道开窗１９例,治愈１２例,好转６例,无效１例,有效率９４．７％。下鼻道开窗１８例,治愈１３例,好转４例,无效１例,有效率９４．…     

鼻内窥镜下下鼻道开窗切除上颌窦囊肿62例

中纯上颌窦囊肿发病率较低,传统以外的手术方法报道不多,我科于1998年4月至2001年1月收治单纯上颌窦囊肿62例,采用鼻内窥镜下下鼻道开窗进路切除囊肿,取得了满意效果,方法如下。     

经鼻内镜开窗治疗上颌骨囊肿

目的探讨上颌骨囊肿的的治疗方法。方法根据囊肿的大小、累及上颌窦范围和离上颌窦自然开口距离,采用扩大上颌窦自然口中鼻道开窗3例、下鼻道开窗或鼻底开窗4例、泪前隐窝入路+下鼻道开窗9例,手术切除完全囊肿囊壁或部分切除,囊肿与上颌窦有间隔的将间隔完全去除,使囊肿与上颌窦融合为一个腔,保证囊肿腔与上颌窦、鼻腔引流通畅。结果术后随访6～24个月,平均随访12个月,15例面部胀感消失,未出现面部隆起,定期复查鼻内镜及鼻窦CT,囊肿术腔黏膜均于术后2～3个月上皮化,囊肿均无复发,术腔、鼻窦腔引流通畅。1例因开窗口小致开窗口闭合,但囊肿较前明显缩小,半年后再次开窗后囊肿未见复发。结论经鼻内镜开窗治疗上颌骨囊肿简便、安全、创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切、复发率低,术后便于观察术腔情况,尤其适合侵犯鼻腔底或上颌窦的上颌骨囊肿。     

鼻内镜下摘除上颌窦囊肿的术式探讨

上颌窦囊肿在临床上并不罕见,好发于上颌窦的下壁及内壁,传统的治疗方法为上颌窦根治术。随着微创外科及功能性内镜鼻窦手术的开展,传统的柯-陆手术已逐步被鼻内镜手术所替代。我们采用鼻内镜下4种不同径路切除上颌窦囊肿：①扩大上颌窦自然开口径路,②下鼻道开窗径路,     

鼻内窥镜下经中鼻道上颌窦囊肿、息肉摘除术

既往上颌窦内囊肿、息肉的治疗多采用柯－陆氏手术。开展鼻内窥镜手术以来,经中鼻道上颌窦自然孔开窗摘除窦内囊肿、息肉手术已逐步得以开展。但上颌窦内某些部位的囊肿、息肉,鼻内窥镜下可以窥及,但现有器械却难以将其顺利摘除。为此,我们设计制造了一种鼻窦吸引钳（...     

鼻内镜下单纯上颌窦囊肿切除手术径路的选择

目的 探讨鼻内镜下切除单纯上颌窦囊肿手术径路的选择策略.方法 选择鼻内镜下单纯上颌窦囊肿切除的47例患者(52侧)进行回顾性分析.其中采用下鼻道黏膜瓣下开窗径路者36侧,改良泪前隐窝径路者16侧,观察两种径路的治疗效果.结果 术后随访6～12个月,经下鼻道径路手术者36侧中有1侧复发;经改良泪前隐窝径路者16侧无复发....     

鼻内镜下尖牙窝穿刺径路治疗上颌窦囊肿

上颌窦囊肿是耳鼻咽喉科的常见疾病,普遍的治疗方法为手术摘除,传统的手术治疗方法是采用柯-陆术式。随着鼻内镜技术的发展及广泛应用,鼻内镜下手术已成为治疗上颌窦囊肿最主要的方法。目前,最为普遍的手术方式为鼻内镜下经扩大的上颌窦自然窦口或下鼻道开窗摘除上颌窦囊肿。     

鼻内镜下鼻道黏骨膜翻瓣开窗治疗上颌窦良性病变

目的 探讨鼻内镜下鼻道黏骨膜翻瓣开窗治疗上颌窦良性病变的手术效果和优点.方法 采用鼻内镜下鼻道黏骨膜翻瓣开窗法治疗38例上颌窦囊肿,11例真菌性上颌窦炎(非侵袭性型),10～74岁,中位数40岁,并随访6个月～2年.结果 49例症状均2周后有明显的改善,1～3个月后头痛、异味、上列牙痛、牙齿麻木感等症状逐渐消失.下鼻道开窗处引流通畅,无流泪、鼻腔粘连等并发症发生.随访6个月～2年,未见病变复发.结论 鼻内镜下鼻道黏骨膜翻瓣开窗治疗上颌窦良性病变创伤小,不良反应少,操作简便、易掌握,是一种行之有效的手术.     

鼻窦窥镜上颌窦鼻内开窗上颌窦囊肿切除

目的探讨鼻窦窥镜外科切除单纯上颌窦囊肿简单有效的方法.方法单纯上颌窦囊肿27例用鼻窥镜上颌窦鼻内开窗术切除.结果27例手术均获成功,术后康复,随访无复发.结论单纯上颌窦囊肿,经上颌窦鼻内开窗鼻窦窥镜外科手术切除上颌窦囊肿操作简便,创伤小,效果好.     

鼻内窥镜下钩突切除术的体会

随着鼻内窥镜手术的广泛开展,钩突切除术已成为内窥镜下筛窦开放与中鼻道上颌窦造口术的第一步。钩突切除后中鼻道拓宽,窦口复合体的清理均可在内窥镜下进行。钩突切除中鼻道开窗符合上颌窦粘膜纤毛的运动生理,有利于窦内分泌物的引流。我们在门诊开展功能性鼻内窥镜下钩突切除术,治疗４８例（５８侧）慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉患者,取得较好效果,报告如下。１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料本组４８例（５８侧）中,男２３例,女２５例,其中双侧病变１０例,均行钩突切除术。年龄１７～６５岁。全部患者均有鼻塞、多涕、额部胀痛史。经鼻内…     

Ethmomaxillary sinus and hypoplasia of maxillary sinus.

In a series of 410 coronal CT scans performed to assess paranasal sinus disease, we have identified eight cases in which an ethmomaxillary sinus was present. The ethmomaxillary sinus was unilateral in five cases and bilaterally present in three. The sex incidence was equal. Four patients had generalized mucosal disease of their paranasal sinuses which included the ethmomaxillary sinus whereas four patients had osteomeatal complex disease and sparing of their ethmomaxillary sinus. The characteristic radiological features of an ethmomaxillary sinus were drainage into an enlarged superior meatus, reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus and a normal bony orbital cavity. The differential diagnosis of an apparently hypoplastic maxillary sinus is briefly discussed.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分别为９２．９％和８０．４％（随访６个月时）。回顾性观察５１例施ＣａｌｄｗｅｌＬｕｃ术的患者，下鼻道造口的术后开放率仅为４０．６％。分析３８张单侧鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的鼻窦ＣＴ片，测量对照侧与病变侧的上颌窦口膜样部的上下径和前后径，差异无显著性。病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论鼻内窥镜下处理上颌窦自然开口的关键是窦口周围的解剖异常因素。     

外伤及手术后鼻窦黏液囊肿形成(附22例报告)

目的:分析手术及外伤后鼻窦黏液囊肿形成的原因,探讨手术治疗方法及避免囊肿复发的措施.方法:回顾性分析22例鼻窦手术及外伤后形成黏液囊肿的病例.结果:所有患者均于鼻内镜下行囊肿切除术.1例额窦黏液囊肿术后1年后复发,2例术后复查见中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连.结论:鼻窦手术及外伤后可致黏液囊肿形成.鼻窦外伤骨折部位应尽量固定,黏膜复位;鼻窦手术中宜保持中鼻甲稳定性、保留窦内正常黏膜,术后密切随访,以减少囊肿复发.     

Ethmomaxillary sinus

Ethmomaxillary sinus is a variation of the posterior ethmoid cells. It is formed by the extension of the posterior ethmoid cells into the maxillary sinus and drains into superior nasal meatus. It is incidentally seen on paranasal sinus computerized tomography (CT) scans. Its prevalence has been reported as 0.7 and 2% in two studies. In this study, paranasal CT scans of 466 patients were investigated for the presence of ethmomaxillary sinus. The patients had paranasal CT with the preliminary diagnoses of septal deviation, chronic inflammatory paranasal sinus disease and nasal turbinate disorders. The ethmomaxillary sinus was present in nine of those patients (1.93%). It was septated in one of them. The CTs were further investigated for other anatomical variations and co-existent mucosal disease of the paranasal sinuses.     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎，鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法 配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎，鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果 窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分分别为９２．９％和８０．４％。     

Microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery

We prospectively studied the native microbiology of the ethmoid sinus following endoscopic sinus surgery in 113 patients (mean age: 41.3 yr). After each patient had regained complete mucosalization (minimum follow-up: 6 wk), we obtained a bacterial swab of the ethmoid sinus and submitted it for culture and sensitivity analysis. We then compiled data on sensitivity patterns and the number and type of bacteria isolated. Of the 113 patients, 67 (59.3%) had positive cultures, 26 (23.0%) had sterile cultures, and 20 (17.7%) had normal flora. Multiple bacteria were isolated in 31 of the 113 patients (27.4%). The most common isolates were gram-positive cocci, and the most common bacteria were staphylococcal species. A significant degree (42.9%) of beta-lactamase resistance was exhibited. We conclude that the ethmoid sinus is not microbiologically sterile following endoscopic sinus surgery.     

The variant type of preauricular sinus: postauricular sinus

OBJECTIVE: Preauricular sinuses (PAS) are common congenital malformations that usually occur at the anterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, but the positions of PAS and directions on the fistular tracts are rarely posterior to the external auditory canal (EAC), which presents as a postauricular swelling. We named these cases as the variant type of PAS ('postauricular sinuses'), and compared their clinical manifestations with those of the classical type. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had undergone preauricular fistulectomy from 2002 to 2006. These patients were then categorized into two groups according to the position of the preauricular sinus sac. The classical group was defined as the group of patients with sacs located on the (superior) anterior to the EAC, and the variant group as those whose sacs are located on the posterior site of the EAC. We analyzed the incidence, previous histories, clinical manifestations, recurrence rates, and surgical techniques of the variant type of preauricular sinuses and compared them with those of the classical type. RESULTS: Eleven (10.9%) of 101 patients were diagnosed with preauricular sinuses of the variant type. The male to female ratios of the classical and the variant groups were 44:46 and 7:4, respectively. The average age of the patients was approximately 11 to 13 years in both groups. All variant types of preauricular sinuses showed preauricular pits located posterior to the imaginary line that connects the tragus with the posterior margin of the ascending limb of the helix, unlike the classical type. Most (72.8%) of the fistular tracts of the variant type were directed in the posterior-middle direction from the pits. The variant types were operated with a dual approach using preauricular and retroauricular incisions, unlike the classical type, and the recurrence rate was 0% (compared with 2.2% in the classical type). CONCLUSION: Frequent postauricular infected swellings may indicate the presence of the variant type of preauricular sinuses. The variant type of preauricular sinuses presenting in the postauricular area were found to have an unusual location of the fistula pit that was positioned posterior to the imaginary tragal extended line. A comprehensive physical examination of the preauricular pits should be performed to avoid incomplete excision of the variant types.     

鼻窦内窥镜下鼻腔鼻窦手术

目的探讨鼻窦内窥镜技术在外科治疗鼻腔鼻窦疾病上的可行性.方法经由鼻窦镜治疗鼻窦炎,鼻息肉,鼻中隔偏曲,肥厚型鼻炎,上颌窦囊肿,上颌窦出血坏死性息肉,鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,顽固性鼻出血,早期鼻中隔鳞癌等236例.结果236例均顺利完成手术.鼻窦炎、鼻息肉130例中随访97例 ,治愈好转86例;鼻中隔偏曲72例次,治愈率达97%;肥厚型鼻炎52例次,1次治愈率达95% ;鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤及出血坏死性息肉8例,上颌窦囊肿5例,顽固性鼻出血3例,早期鼻中隔鳞癌1例,均顺利完成手术,随访2～3年均未见复发.结论鼻窦内窥镜下鼻腔鼻窦手术可用于包括早期局限性鼻腔恶性肿瘤在内的各种鼻腔鼻窦疾病.