低聚甘露糖醛酸磷酸酯的制备及其抗氧化活性探究△

目的 旨在探究不同取代度的低聚甘露糖醛酸磷酸酯的体外抗氧化活性。方法 采用磷酸-脲素法制备了3种不同取代度的磷酸化衍生物,然后测定了三种磷酸化多糖的体外抗氧化活性,包括清除超氧自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)自由基、羟基自由基及还原能力。结果 通过控制磷酸用量,制备了三种含磷量为3.90%、5.14%和6.56% 的单磷酸酯衍生物;与原料相比,低聚甘露糖醛酸磷酸酯衍生物的抗氧化活性增强;并且随着磷含量的增加,磷酸酯衍生物的羟基自由基、DPPH自由基清除活性及还原力也增强。结论 适当的磷酸化修饰可以显著提高低聚甘露糖醛酸的体外抗氧化活性,为海洋多糖的应用开发提供了借鉴。     

紫贻贝粗多糖的提取及其体外抗氧化的研究

目的研究紫贻贝粗多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性。方法通过乙醇沉淀、Sevage法除蛋白后得到贻贝粗多糖。对其DPPH自由基清除能力、还原力、羟自由基清除能力进行测定,考察其抗氧化能力。结果在10～60μg·mL^-1浓度范围内,紫贻贝粗多糖显示良好的DPPH自由基清除能力、还原力及羟自由基清除能力,并且随着紫贻贝多糖浓度的升高而增加,同时,在此浓度范围内紫贻贝粗多糖的浓度与抗氧化活性呈较好的量效关系。结论紫贻贝粗多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

古钩藤醇提液体外抗氧化和自由基清除能力实验研究

目的:研究古钩藤醇提液体外抗氧化和自由基清除能力。方法:采用还原力测定、DPPH、FRAP三种方法对古钩藤醇提液抗氧化和自由基清除能力进行体外评价。结果:古钩藤醇提液抗氧化活性与提取物的还原力有一定联系,对DPPH自由基有一定的清除活性,此外古钩藤醇提液具有较高的总抗氧化(FRAP值为212.546mgFeSO_4/gm_d。结论:古钩藤醇提液体外具有良好的抗氧化和自由基清除能力。     

白术挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱效关系研究

目的 研究白术挥发油指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱效关系,筛选主要抗氧化活性成分。方法 采用GC-MS测定不同产地的15批白术饮片挥发油指纹图谱,通过清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦腈基（DPPH）和Fe³⁺还原/抗氧化能力法测定白术挥发油的抗氧化能力,运用偏最小二乘回归法进行数据分析,研究白术挥发油指纹图谱和抗氧化活性的相关性,并筛选活性色谱峰。结果 28个匹配指纹峰中,对挥发油清除DPPH自由基活性贡献度最大的前5个峰依次为：峰11 > 峰25 > 峰2 > 峰4 > 峰24;对挥发油还原Fe³⁺能力贡献度最大的前5个峰依次为：峰11 > 峰8 > 峰14 > 峰19 > 峰26。其中峰11的峰面积与挥发油清除DPPH自由基能力和还原Fe³⁺能力均呈正相关。通过与对照品比对确定峰11为苍术酮,并具有显著的抗氧化活性。结论 苍术酮不仅是白术挥发油的主要成分,还是主要的抗氧化活性物质。     

1株链霉菌产胞外多糖ZS-11的结构表征及抗氧化活性研究

目的 对来源于南海深海海泥链霉菌Streptomyces pratensis OUCMDZ-3159所产胞外多糖的结构和抗氧活性进行研究。方法 利用醇沉法和柱色谱法对菌株所产胞外多糖进行分离纯化,利用多种仪器分析方法,包括PMP柱前衍生高效液相色谱法、红外光谱法和气相质谱联用法等分析了多糖的化学组成和结构,通过测定DPPH自由基清除活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性、羟基自由基清除活性和还原能力,对多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价。 结果 从链霉菌Streptomyces pratensis OUCMDZ-3159发酵液中得到了1种分子量为25.0 kDa的多糖组分ZS-11,它是由甘露糖和半乳糖以14.5:1的比例构成;糖链中包含(1→)-Manp,(1→2)-Manp,(1→3)-Manp,(1→6)-Manp,(1→2,3)-Galf和(1→2,6)-Manp连接方式;多糖ZS-11具有良好的抗氧化活性,在测定的4种活性指标中,清除DPPH自由基的能力最强。结论 首次从深海海泥放线菌Streptomyces pratensis OUCMDZ-3159中分离得到抗氧化活性显著的胞外多糖ZS-11,它是1种结构新颖的半乳甘露聚糖。     

头花蓼抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究头花蓼抗氧化活性。方法:分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇提取头花蓼,用清除DPPH自由基、清除ABTS自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力测定法,对头花蓼体外总抗氧化活性进行评价,并与6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基苯并二氢吡喃-2-羧酸及阳性对照丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)比较。结果:头花蓼有较好的体外抗氧化活性。其甲醇提取物具有很强的清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力,总抗氧化能力远远超过BHT的作用。结论:在3种提取物中,头花蓼甲醇提取物具有最高的抗氧化能力,乙酸乙酯提取物次之。3种方法中,DPPH方法和ABTS方法相关性(r=0.9917)最高。     

银杏叶渣中多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究从银杏叶渣中提取多糖的工艺,及其抗氧化活性。方法 以多糖提取率为评价指标,通过苯酚-硫酸法检测,经单因素试验得到最佳工艺,所得银杏多糖进行还原能力和清除DPPH自由基的试验。结果 最佳工艺条件为：料液比1：7,提取时间2h,提取2次,醇沉浓度90%,醇沉1h。银杏多糖具有较强的还原能力和清除DPPH自由基的能力。结论 该工艺简便可行,稳定可靠,适于工业生产,所得多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

海洋真菌Cladosporium Sphaerospermum胞外多糖CS4-1结构特征和抗氧化活性

目的 对海洋真菌Cladosporium Sphaerospermum产生的胞外多糖CS4-1结构特征和抗氧化活性进行研究。方法 利用乙醇沉淀法、强阴离子交换色谱和凝胶渗透色谱对菌株所产胞外多糖进行分离纯化,运用PMP柱前衍生高效液相色谱法、高效凝胶渗透色谱法、气质联用色谱和化学方法分析多糖的结构特征,通过测定DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、ABTS自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除活性以及还原能力评价多糖的抗氧化活性。结果 从海洋真菌Cladosporium Sphaerospermum发酵液中分离纯化得到胞外多糖CS4-1,其分子量为21.49 kDa;CS4-1含有甘露糖和半乳糖;糖链主要由Manp-(1→、→2)-Galp-(1→和→6)-Manp-(1→构成;CS4-1具有较好的抗氧化活性,在测定的5种活性指标中,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力最强。结论 首次从海洋真菌Cladosporium Sphaerospermum分离得到抗氧化活性较好的多糖CS4-1,它是结构新颖的胞外多糖。     

新疆紫草不同极性部位的抗氧化活性研究

目的比较新疆紫草不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化活性。方法采用超临界CO2萃取得到超临界提取物后,萃余物依次用95%乙醇和60%的乙醇提取,对得到的乙醇提取物分别采用不同极性的溶剂分步萃取得到紫草不同极性部位的8个提取物,对上述9个提取物的清除羟基自由基、清除DPPH自由基、总抗氧化活性、抑制脂质过氧化能力等进行了评价。结果超临界CO2萃取物的总抗氧化活性在所有试样中居中,在1 mg·mL 1的浓度下,其清除羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的活性接近或略低于对照品芦丁和BHT,而中等极性部分的乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性最强,高于同等浓度的对照品BHA和芦丁,但极性较大的部位试样的抗氧化活性总体上相对较弱。结论紫草提取物的各极性部位均具有不同程度的抗氧化能力。     

8株海洋真菌的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性筛选

目的通过抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性双生物活性筛选模型评估来源于东海海洋的8株海洋真菌提取物的生物活性。方法对8株海洋真菌菌体甲醇提取物和发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物进行体外抗氧化活性(DPPH法)和抗肿瘤(MTT法)双生物活性模型筛选研究。结果菌株251#,28#,111#的发酵液提取物在剂量为2mg.mL-1时,对DPPH的清除率大于90%;当剂量为50μg.mL-1时,菌株28#,111#,21#发酵液提取物对HeLa和H460肿瘤细胞的抑制率均大于50%。结论菌株28#,111#发酵液提取物在体外具有较强的清除自由基的能力,对HeLa和H460肿瘤细胞具有较高的细胞毒性。提示菌株28#,111#的活性代谢产物可能来源于菌株生长过程中产生的胞外物。同时,表明海洋真菌是潜在的活性代谢产物的重要来源。     

一株采自新疆虫草体内的真菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌作用研究

目的研究从新疆虫草(Ophiocordyceps gracilis(Grev.)G.H.Sung,J.M.Sung,Hywel-Jones&Spatafora)体内分离得到一株真菌SFYC003。方法经生理生化特征、形态学和ITS序列对比分离鉴定菌株,采用滤纸片法研究了该菌株的菌体及其发酵液对6株供试菌的抑制作用。结果所得菌株属于青霉属真菌变灰青霉(Penicillium canescens)的一个变种,命名为SFYC003,其对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌供试菌的抑菌活性较强。结论菌株SFYC003具有进一步研究及开发利用的潜在价值。     

The toxic effect of phthalate esters on immune responses of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) via oral treatment

A previous in vitro study has indicated that four phthalate esters (PAEs) could damage hemocytes and decreases the cellular immunity of prawns [Sung, H.H., Kao, W.Y., Su, Y.J., 2003. Effects and toxicity of phthalate esters to hemocytes of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobranchium rosenbergii. Aquat. Toxicol. 64, 25-37]. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of four PAEs, diethyl phthalate (DEP), dihexyl phthalate (DHP), dipropyl phthalate (DPrP) and diphenyl phthalate (DPP) on the defense system of the giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii. PAE dissolved in corn oil was continuously fed to prawns for 8 days and five immune parameters (total hemocyte count, THC; ratio of granulocytes to hyalinocytes, G/H; intrahemocytic total phenoloxidase activity, PO(T); intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) production; transglutaminase (TGase) activity) were separately detected on days 1, 4 and 8. In addition, mortality was determined on days 4 and 8 after challenging the prawns with Lactobacillus garvieae. In comparison with untreated prawns, the results showed that DHP demonstrated the lowest toxicity in that it only influenced the PO activity and O2- production before 4 days after treatment and caused 6.6% mortality on day 8. DEP decreased G/H, PO(T) and TGase activity on day 1 and reduced THC, G/H and PO(T) and caused 16.6% mortality on day 4; however, on day 8, it increased O2- production and caused no mortality. In the DPrP-treated group, a reduction of all the immune reactions apart from TGase activity and 22.2% mortality were detected on day 4. As for the effect of DPP, results showed that it decreased all the immune parameters apart from THC on days 1 and 4, but caused no mortality on day 4; but on day 8, an increase of O2- production and 17.7% mortality were detected. These results indicated that the immune reactions of prawns were variable due to the different toxic effects of PAEs. In addition, it was found that, on day 8 after treatment, the three PAEs, DHP, DPrP and DPP increased O2- production and did not influence the other four reactions, but mortality was detected in these groups. These results suggest that other physiological responses may also be affected to increase the susceptibility of prawns to pathogens.     

Synthesis and the Biological Evaluation of the Structural Units of Drummondin C

Drummondin C (1) is an antibiotic isolated from a bioassay-directed fractionation of Hypericum drummondii (Grev.& Hook.)T.&G. It showed significant activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. Two structural units of drummondin C, the 8-acetyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (6) and 5-acetyl-3-methyl-filicinic acid (9), were synthesized to determine the relative importance of the two substructure portions to the antibiotic activity of the compound. The low antimicrobial activity of 6 and 9 demonstrates the necessity of both units for the antibiotic activity of drummondin C.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Innovations in Alcoholism Treatment: State of the Art Reviews and their Implications for Clinical Practice GERALD J. CONNORS (Ed.) Preschoolers and Substance Abuse: Strategies for Prevention and Intervention P. LECCA & T. WATTS Cocaine: Physiological & Physiopathological Effects ALFONSO PAREDES & DAVID A. GORE (Eds) AIDS and Community-based Drug Intervention Programs: Evaluation and Outreach DENNIS G. FISHER & RICHARD H. NEEDLE     

FR227244, a novel antifungal antibiotic from Myrothecium cinctum No. 002 Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties

A novel antifungal antibiotic, FR227244, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain No. 002. The strain was identified as Myrothecium cinctum from morphological and physiological characteristics. This compound was isolated from the culture broth by solvent extraction, HP-20 and YMC ODS gel column chromatographies, and n-hexane precipitation. FR227244 is a white powder which melts at 210 to approximately 211 degrees C and possesses the molecular formula C38H58O11. FR227244 is a novel triterpene glycoside with antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. The effects of FR227244 on the morphology of A. fumigatus were shown to be similar to those of FR901379 which is a known 1,3-beta-glucan synthase inhibitor.     

Effects of morphine metabolites on micturition in normal, unanaesthetized rats.

1. By means of continuous cystometry in normal, unanaesthetized rats, the effects on micturition of intrathecally (i.t.) administered morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), the two main metabolites of morphine, were studied and compared with those of i.t. morphine. 2. Both M6G (0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 microgram) and M3G (5 micrograms) were found to have significant effects on micturition. Like morphine (0.1, 0.5, and 10 micrograms), M6G was able to inhibit the micturition reflex, and produce urinary retention and dribbling incontinence in a dose-dependent manner. The potency of M6G for inhibiting micturition was approximately 10 times higher than that of morphine, and the duration of its effect was longer. All effects of M6G could be reversed by naloxone. 3. M3G (5 micrograms) facilitated the micturition reflex, resulting in decreases in bladder capacity and micturition volume, and an increase in spontaneous contractile activity. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 micrograms), which by itself had no effect on micturition, enhanced the facilitatory effects of M3G. In addition, M3G tended to counteract the inhibitory effects of both morphine and M6G on micturition. M3G (5 micrograms) also produced an excitatory behavioural syndrome. 4. It is concluded that in rats, i.t. M3G has excitatory effects on micturition and behaviour, probably not mediated via opioid receptors. I.t M6G has a potent inhibitory effect on micturition mediated by stimulation of opioid receptors. It may have effects on somatosensory afferent input in lower doses than those required for effects on micturition.     

Milbemycins, a new family of macrolide antibiotics. Structure determination of milbemycins D, E, F, G, H, J and K

The milbemycins, a group of potent, broad-spectrum antiparasitic and pesticidal agents, are architecturally novel antibiotics of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone. Seven new milbemycin analogues designed as milbemycins D, E, F, G, H, J and K were isolated from the fermentation broth of the mutant strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. The structural determination of these new components was made mainly by comparing with mass spectra, and 1H and 13C NMR spectra of milbemycin alpha- and beta-series previously published from our laboratory. Milbemycins D, E, F, G and H have characteristically an isopropyl side chain at C-25 which differs from the known milbemycin family bearing methyl or ethyl group at C-25. Milbemycins J and K possess a ketone group at C-5 instead of a hydroxyl or methoxy group. Apart from X-ray crystallography, the R-configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-5 could be best explained both by application of CD allylic benzoate method to the n-N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate of milbemycin D and by comparison of the specific rotation of milbemycin D itself and its acetate with the epimeric isomers at C-5.     

小刺猴头多糖联合5-氟尿嘧啶对Hela细胞的抑制作用

目的研究体外单独应用小刺猴头菌多糖及联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)对宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖抑制作用。方法水提醇沉法得到小刺猴头液体深层发酵浸膏多个糖组分,经MTT筛选获得小刺猴头菌多糖最优组分Hep2。设置空白、Hep2、Hep2+5-Fu、5-Fu组进行MTT实验及细胞周期检测。结果 Hep2单独给药及联合给药都能抑制Hela细胞增殖;Hep2组出现G1期阻滞现象;联合给药组发生了S期和G2/M期阻滞。结论 Hep2可以明显抑制Hela细胞的增殖,并且与5-Fu联合使用对Hela细胞产生协同抑制作用。     

PROCEEDINGS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH

SESSION 1 1. Recombinant DNA: Significance for medical research . J. Shine 2. New perspectives on immunoglobulin genes revealed by recombinant DNA technology. Suzanne Cory SESSION 2 3. Pyrimidine metabolism in rodent malaria . Julie Bennett, Annette Gero and W.J. O'Sullivan 4. Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency . L.G. Svirklys, C.S. Lee and W.J. O'Sullivan 5. Radioimmunometric assay of high molecular weight factor VIII (FVIII) . Lena Hau, J. Koutts, Jean Perkin and Margaret A. Howard 6. Cyclic nucleotides and chemiluminescence in macrophages. N.H. Hunt, R.L. Smith and M.J. Weidemann 7. An evaluation of the functional capacity of human monocytes . N.J. DeYoung and P.G. Gill 8. Differential patterns of cultured erythroid progenitor behaviour in congenital and acquired erythroblast disorders. F.C. Firkin and S. Russell 9. Are lupus lymphocytotoxins anti-i agglutinins? C. Witt and R.L. Dawkins 10. Detection of blood group like antigens on t lymphocytes from patients with acute leukaemia . S. Pullen and P. Hersey SESSION 3 11. The central control of fasting gastro-intestinal activity . D.M. Ingram and B.N. Catch-pole 12. Colchicine increases intrinsic factor receptors in pregnant mouse intestinal epithelium. S . Shamir, N.D. Gallagher and J. A. Robertson, A. W. Morrow 13. Mechanism of mucus secretion in rat and mouse gastric mucosa . N.D. Yeomans and S.J. Millar 14. Cholelithiasis–abnormal regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase? C.T. Kwok, W. Burnett and I.R. Hardie 15. Defective intestinal glucose transport in viral enteritis . R.W. Shepherd, J. Telch, D. Butler, M. Perdue, J.R. Hamilton and D.G. Gall 16. The significance of non transferrin bound iron in haemochromatosis . R.G. Batey, A.W. Morrow 17. The role of the liver in the regulation of serum ferritin . U. Mack, J.W. Halliday, R.A. Ferris, W.G.E. Cooksley and L.W. Powell 18. Role of the liver in cobalamin storage during cyanocobalamin and hydroxycobalamin loading . J.A. Owens and W.G.E. Cooksley SESSION 4 19. Baroreceptor denervation and brain catecholamines in the rat . J.P. Chalmers, M.A. Petty and J.L. Reid 20. A simple mathematical model of overdrive suppression of the sinoatrial node in man . A. Helfgott, W.F. Heddle and A.M. Tonkin 21. Analysis of post-pacing sinus cycle length sequences in man . W.F. Heddle, A. Helfgott and A.M. Tonkin 22. Age dependence of myocardial Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity . A.J. Marsh, B.L. Lloyd and R.R. Taylor 23. Collagen synthesis during hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the dog heart . M.P. Sparrow, Caroline M. Bonnin, and R.R. Taylor 24. Myocardial protein degradation after aortic stenosis . J.H. Steer and B.E. Hopkins 25. Temperature dependence of muscle function in malignant hyperthermic swine . J.S. Sullivan and M.A. Denborough 26. Smoke and pulmonary emphysema . W.F. Green and A.J. Woolcock SESSION 5 27. Inhibitors of natural killer cell activity released by tumour cells. J.J . Zaunders, J.A. Werkmeister and P. Hersey 28. Monitoring tumour growth in patients with melanoma . P. Hersey, E. Murray, P. Ruell and W.H. McCarthy 29. Antibody from breast cancer patient sera to human breast carcinoma cell lines detected by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity . M.J. Plain, R.H. Whitehead, and D.G. Jose 30. Monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens of human lymphocytes–preparation and analysis . H. Zola, I.G.R. Beckman, J. Bradley, D.A. Brooks, P.J. McNamara & Miriam E. Thomas 31. Human lymphocyte antigens studied by flow microfluorimetry with hybridoma antibodies . D.A. Brooks B. Milthorpe. I. Taylor and H. Zola 32. Rufus–A tool in computer analysis of case studies . D.M. Bennett SESSION 6 33. Effect of EDTA and PGE₁ on liberation of β-thromboglobulin from stored platelets . L.J. Tunbridge, S.E. Watts, E.M. Lesnikowski, R.J. Kimber and J.V. Lloyd 34. Assessment of the recovery of platelet cyclooxygenase from aspirin effect using a radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B₂. M. Greaves, R. Roche and P.A. Castaldi 35. Inhibition of human platelet function by the polyunsaturated fat, eicosapentaenoic acid–implications for the prevention of vascular disease . N.G. Ardlie and J.A. Jakubowski 36. Inhibition of prostacyclin (PGI₂) generation in rat mesenteric vasculature . R.D. Nolan, G.J. Dusting and T.J. Martin 37. Arachidonic acid metabolism in central and peripheral airways in vitro . H.W. Mitchell and M.A. Denborough 38. Effect of indomethacin on antidiuretic hormone stimulated water permeability . Cheryl Ray SESSION 7 39. The effect of pancreatic juice and bile salts on cholesterol esterification during in vivo absorption in rats . Shirley, M. Watt 40. Soybean saponins and bile salt binding: in vitro and in vivo observations . G.D. Calvert, R.A. Yeates and L.F. Blight 41. Induction of xylitol metabolism in the gut flora of the rat . A.M. Rofe, R. Krishnan, R. Bias, R.A.J. Conyers and J.B. Edwards 42. Phosphocitrate, a new compound for consideration in the control of biological calcification . G. Williams, E.S. Holdsworth and J.D. Sallis 43. Serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) . P. Poulis, I.H. Craig and G. Hill 44. Effects of polyunsaturated (P) and saturated (S) fat feeding on serum lipoproteins and platelet function in man . I. H. Craig, J.V. Lloyd, P.J. Phillips, D. Watts and A. Bracken SECTION 8 45. Evidence for the involvement of viruses in aid . K.T. Holmes, B.R. Hawkins, P.H. Kay, G. Harnett and R.L. Dawkins 46. How does D-penicillamine influence autoantibody induction? J.A. Carrano, P.J. Zilko, M.J. Garlepp, B.L. McDonald and R.L. Dawkins 47. Factors affecting titres of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor . M.J. Garlepp, J.W.M. Lawton, F.T. Christiansen, P. Hollingsworth, J. Hendrie, G. Luciani and R.L. Dawkins 48. Innoculation route determines the effect of presensitization on graft survival . G.C. Saueracker, R.L. Dawkins and P. Hurst 49. Inhibition of leukocyte adherence (LAI) using liver associated antigens in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases . I.M. Roberts, J.W. Halliday, W.J. Halliday W.G.E. Cooksley, W. Burnett, J.F. Kerr and L.W. Powell 50. Selective isolation of allergens. Affinity purification of allergens from the common house dust mites . S. Krilis, B.A. Baldo and A. Basten SESSION 9 51. Suppressor cell activity in a proliferative disorder of T cells . Ann Kupa, Miriam E. Thomas, Helen Moore, J. Bradley, H. Zola, M. Hooper, P. Harding 52. Effects of converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on urinary kallikrein and kinin excretion . B.H. Clappison, C.I. Johnston and W.P. Anderson 53. Lithium administration and urinary electrolyte excretion in the rat . S. Carney, L. Thompson, M. Ralston and T. Morgan 54. Stimulation of renal Na-K-ATPase by ouabain . W.R. Adam and J. Danks 55. NADPH independent metabolism of paracetamol and protein covalent binding in rabbit kidney . J. Mohandas, J.Q. Chensee, Safaa Mohamed, I.C. Calder and G.G. Duggin 56. Formation and handling of the glutathione conjugate of paracetamol . K. Healey, I.C. Calder, S.J. Hart, M.C. Smail, K.R. Emslie and J.D. Tange 57. The liver drug metabolizing complex: kinetic studies using chloramphenicol . D.J. O'Shannessy and P.E.B. Reilly 58. The development of an assay for hepatic antipyrine hydroxylase activity and the effect of smoking on it . E.A. McDonald, W.G.E. Cooksley and L.W. Powell SESSION 10 59. Stimulation of plasma 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D by parathyroid extract (PTE) . J.A. Eisman, J.D. Wark and R.L. Prince 60. Partial purification of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor protein from chicken duodenum . E. Sher, J. Moseley and J. A. Eisman 61. Histamine H₂ receptor antagonist: radioreceptor assay for antiandrogenic side effects . Paul Pearce and John W. Funder 62. Steroid hormone receptors in human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) W.D. Tilley, D.D. Keightley and V.R. Marshall 63. Radioreceptor assay of plasma free glucocorticoid activity. B.A.K . Khalid, and J.W. Funder 64. Familial elevation of plasma thyroxine binding leading to raised serum T₄ and apparent T4 insensitivity in euthyroid subjects . J.W. Barlow, D.J. Topliss, E.L. White, J.W. Funder and J.R. Stockigt SESSION 11 65. Dissociation between Na-K ATPase and beta-adrenergic receptors in hypothyroidism . R. White and G. Jerums 66. Nature of adenosine deaminating activity in adenosine deaminase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency . Martin B. Van der Weyden, Lorraine Bailey, Ian Jack and John Ziegler 67. Radioimmunoassays of serum nucleosides . W.B. Deveski, M.H.N. Tattersail, & N.P.B. Dudman 68. Ecto-triphosphatase deficiency: enzymatic basis for increased sensivity of leukaemic human lymphocytes to deoxynucleosides . S.K. Piddington, E. Tripp, M.H.N. Tattersall & R.M. Fox 69. Thymidine toxicity in human leukaemic lymphocytes–Mechanism of rescue by deoxy-cytidine . F. Tripp, M.H.N. Tattersall and R.M. Fox 70. The effects of antiviral lipids in human milk on mouse mammary tumour virus . R.J. Coelen and J.T. May SESSION 12 71. Smoking histories of patients with lung cancer . A.J. Woolcock, L. Cottier, J. Gilbert, T. Saccasin and M. Tattersall 72. Studies of submaxillary gland renin . D.F. Catanzaro, R.T. de Zwart and B.J. Morris 73. Increase in proteolytic activity and renin during selective destruction of protease inhibitors in human plasma . C.H. Lawrence and B.J. Morris 74. Alpha-adrenergic suppression of renin secretion independent of renal vasoconstriction . Robert Vandongen 75. The effect of intravenous GABA on blood pressure in the rat . G.G. Duggin, C. Baxter, D.J. Horvath, D.J. Tiller, F. Furby 76. Effect of converting enzyme inhibition on ACTH hypertension in sheep . Judith A. Whitworth, J.P. Cochlan, D.A. Denton, D. Fei, B.A. Scoggins and K.W. Stewart SESSION 13 77. Evidence for kinin receptors in smooth muscle: studies using radiolabeled ligand binding . M. Yasujima, C.I. Johnston and P.G. Matthews 78. Enhanced megakaryocyte and platelet recovery in hypertransfused irradiated mice . P.J. Smith, C.W. Jackson, M.A. Whidden and C.C. Edwards 79. Importance of pH effect on platelets . S.E. Watts, L.J. Tunbridge, R.J. Kimber and J.V. Lloyd 80. The requirement for extracellular Ca and Mg ions in platelet aggregation . William Booth 81. Studies on the structure of platelet thromboglobulin . J.R. McGready, T. A. Diggle, C.N. Chesterman and F.J. Morgan 82. Platelet function in myeloproliferative disease . I.L. Smith, T.J. Martin and S. Vaughan 83. The effects of alcohol and dietary protein metabolism in a rat model . L.C. Ward, W.G. Cooksley and S. Chapman SESSION 14 84. Putative peptide transmitters . L.B. Geffen 85. Clinical relevance of amino acid neurotransmitters . D.R. Curtis SESSION 15 86. The funding of medical research in the U.K . J.L. Gowans SESSION 16 87. Vitamin D-Now . I Maclntyre 88. Calmodulin: an ubiquitous intracellular CA²⁺-receptor . Basil D. Roufagalis     

Capsimycin, a new antibiotic. I. Production, isolation and properties.

Capsimycin is a new antifungal antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces sp. C 49--87. The active substance in the fermented broth was isolated by solvent extraction followed by silica gel column chromatography. The antibiotic melts at 186 degrees C (decomp.) and has a molecular formula C30H40N2O6. It exhibits marked inhibitory activity against Phytophthora capsici (Leaf blight disease of cucumber) and Pythium debaryanum (Damping-off disease of cucumber).