螺旋CT对胃癌术前诊断及评估的研究

目的 探讨胃癌螺旋CT（SCT）表现以及SCT对胃癌的TNM分期和术前评估价值。方法分析78例经胃镜活检病理证实的胃癌SCT表现，按TNM对病例进行分期及术前评估。结果 SCT对早期胃癌（Ⅰ～Ⅱ期）的TNM分期符合率为92．7％，对晚期胃癌（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）的TNM分期符合率为100％。结论 SCT对胃癌患者进行术前TNM分期及手术可切除性评估有较高的参考价值。     

螺旋CT在胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT对胃癌术前TNM分期的准确性,指导临床合理地制订治疗方案和进行预后分析．方法:术前对45例胃癌患者的腹部SCT资料进行TNM分期,并与术后病理进行对照研究．结果:螺旋CT对胃癌T分期、N分期、M分期和TNM分期的准确率分别为75．6％、73．3％、 86．7％和75．6％．如以平扫CT值≥25 Hu或动脉期CT值≥70 Hu或静脉期CT值≥80 Hu为诊断阳性淋巴结标准,则阳性淋巴结的敏感性高达 98．4％,特异性为64．0％．结论:螺旋CT对胃癌的术前TNM分期可提供较高的准确率．     

内镜超声在胃癌术前TNM分期中的临床应用

TNM分期对胃癌疗效评估和预后判断至关重要。目的：评价内镜超声（EUS）在胃癌术前TNM分期中的临床应用价值。方法：87例胃癌患者术前1周行EUS和螺旋CT（HCT）检查．参考手术和术后病理评价EUS和HCT行胃癌TNM分期的准确性。结果：EUS判断胃癌T分期的总体准确率为81．6％：EUS判断NO和N1分期的准确率与HCT接近（P〉0．05）,但判断N2和N3分期的准确率较HCT明显下降（P〈0．05）：EUS判断M分期的总体准确率低于HCT（P=0．000）,但判断MO分期的准确率与HCT相当。结论：EUS在评价胃癌术前T分期中的临床应用价值较高。但判断N2、N3和M分期的准确性还有待提高．要获得较准确的胃癌术前TNM分期以指导临床治疗方案的选择．有必要联合CT等检查。     

胃癌组织MMP-2表达与SCT的相关性研究

目的探讨胃癌螺旋CT(SCT)表现的分子病理学基础,寻找与胃癌浸润转移相关的生物学标志,从分子水平对胃癌的侵袭、转移、预后作出正确评估。方法对81例进展期胃癌患者行SCT平扫及三期动态增强扫描,术后HE染色及金属蛋白酶(MMP-2)免疫组织化学染色。结果81例进展期胃癌组织中MMP-2表达率为69.1%,MMP-2表达与胃癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵袭程度密切相关(P<0.05)。结论MMP-2表达与SCT强化幅度、SCT显示的浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关。     

超声内镜联合螺旋CT检查对胃癌治疗前TNM分期的临床价值

[目的]评价超声内镜(EUS)联合螺旋CT检查对胃癌患者术前诊断和分期的准确性,以协助临床治疗方案的选择。[方法]304例行外科手术治疗的胃癌患者,于术前1周行EUS和腹部螺旋CT检查,确定肿瘤浸润深度(T)、淋巴结转移(N)、远处转移(M)等分期情况,并与术后病理TNM分期进行对照,以评价EUS联合螺旋CT对胃癌TNM分期的准确性。[结果]EUS联合腹部螺旋CT对胃癌术前TNM分期准确率,T分期83.22%,N分期75.66%,M分期97.70%。与术后病理结果比较,EUS对胃癌T1、T2、T3、T4分期的准确率分别为85.71%、78.26%、82.39%、86.79%,总准确率为83.22%;EUS对胃癌N0、N1、N2、N3分期的准确率分别为76.92%、73.68%、58.89%、31.71%,总准确率为65.46%。螺旋CT对胃癌N0、N1、N2、N3分期的准确率分别为82.05%、72.63%、74.44%、70.73%,总准确率为75.33%。EUS与螺旋CT对于N2、N3、M1分期的判断准确性比较,差异具有统计学意义(分别为X~2=4.900,P=0.039;X~2=12.495,P=0.001;X~2=9.143,P=0.005)。[结论]EUS对胃癌术前T分期、N0分期、N1分期具有较高的临床价值;螺旋CT检查对胃癌术前N2、N3、M1分期准确性较高;EUS联合CT检查,可明显提高术前TNM分期准确性,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

超声内镜对126例胃癌术前TNM分期的临床分析

目的 评价超声内镜(EUS)对胃癌患者术前TNM分期的准确性.方法 126例行外科手术治疗的胃癌患者,于术前1周行EUS和腹部螺旋CT检查,确定肿瘤浸润深度(T)、淋巴结转移(N)、远处转移(M)等分期情况,并与术后病理TNM分期进行对照,以评价EUS对TNM分期的准确性.数据处理采用配对x2检验.结果 与术后病理结果比较,EUS对胃癌T1、T2、T3、T4分期的准确率分别为84.6％、14/18、82.0％、85.7％;EUS对胃癌N0、N1、N2、N3分期的准确率分别为74.2％、75.0％、57.9％、5/17.螺旋CT对胃癌N0、N1、N2、N3分期的准确率分别为80.6％、75.0％、73.7％、12/17.EUS与螺旋CT对N0和N1分期判断的准确率接近,而对N2和N3分期的判断,螺旋CT较EUS有明显优势(x2=4.89,P=0.027;x2=13.88,P＜0.01).对于胃癌远处转移M1分期的比较,EUS与螺旋CT的准确率分别为36.4％、95.5％,螺旋CT对M1的判断优于EUS(x2=7.90,P=0.001).结论 EUS对胃癌术前T分期具有较高的临床应用价值,而对淋巴结转移的N2、N3分期及远处转移的M分期的准确性有待提高.为获得较准确的术前TNM分期以指导治疗方案的选择,有必要联合螺旋CT检查.     

内镜超声检查在胃癌诊断和分期中的临床应用

目的评价内镜超声检查(EUS)对胃癌患者术前诊断和分期的准确性,以指导临床治疗方案的选择。方法22例经胃镜加活检病理检查确诊(17例)和疑诊为胃癌但常规活检阴性的患者(5例),同时行EUS、腹部螺旋CT检查,疑诊者在EUS检查的同时行EUS引导下细针穿刺活检(FNAB)以明确诊断。确定肿瘤侵犯深度(T)、局部淋巴结转移(N)、周围及远处器官转移(M)等分期情况,并与手术及病理对照,以评价EUS对胃癌诊断及TNM临床分期的准确性。结果5例疑诊者行EUS引导下FNAB全部成功取得肿瘤组织,病理诊断腺癌4例,印戒细胞癌1例。1例术前EUS诊断为T1N0M0期的患者行内镜下黏膜切除术,其余患者全部行外科胃癌根治术。与手术和病理结果比较,EUS对于TNM分期诊断总的敏感性和特异性分别为T:84.9%,74.2%;N:92.1%,77.1%;M:63.4%,87.5%。螺旋CT对于胃壁是否增厚及N、M分期的敏感性和特异性分别为T:27.3%,75%;N:31.5%,100%;M:50%,100%。其中EUS对于T和N分期的敏感性较CT高(P<0.05)。结论EUS术前评价胃癌临床分期具有显著的优越性,尤其是对于肿瘤侵犯深度和局部淋巴结转移的诊断,对指导临床治疗方案的选择及术后随访具有重要的参考价值。     

多层螺旋CT和血清肿瘤标志物对胃癌术前评估的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)和血清肿瘤标志物对胃癌术前评估的价值.方法:对220例活检证实的胃癌患者术前行MSCT检查,并将其结果与手术病理结果对照.同时,术前检测该220例患者血清中肿瘤标志物CA125,CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA和AFP的水平,并分析其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系.结果:MSCT对胃癌T和N分期的判断准确率分别为78.64%和74.09%,对胃癌远处转移判断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为65.63%,99.47%和94.55%,对胃癌肝脏、腹膜和远处淋巴结转移判断的敏感度及TNM分期和可切除性的判断准确率分别为83.33%,33.33%和78.57%,58.54%和91.36%.采用ROC分析评价时,血清CA125对胃癌浸润深度、远处转移、腹膜转移和TNM分期判断的准确率均较高,血清CA19-9对胃癌可切除性判断的准确率较高,血清CA72-4对胃癌腹膜转移和远处淋巴结转移判断的准确率均较高.当10μg/L和11μg/L分别作为血清CEA和AFP的临界值时,血清CEA水平与患者性别、胃癌最大径、组织学类型、浸润深度、远处转移、远处淋巴结转移和TNM分期密切相关,但血清AFP水平与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大径、组织学类型、浸润深度、转移、TNM分期和可切除性均无关.结论:多层螺旋CT和血清肿瘤标志物CA125,CA19-9,CA72-4和CEA对胃癌术前评估具有较大的临床应用价值,但血清AFP对胃癌术前评估的价值有限.     

532例胃癌切除术后患者预后的多因素分析

目的分析影响胃癌切除术后的预后因素。方法对行胃癌切除术532例患者进行完整随访,对其临床病理学特征及术后辅助化疗等进行统计分析。结果 532例胃癌患者中存活275例,死亡257例,术后1、3、5年总体累积生存率为77%、52%、41%。其中单因素分析有意义的因子是肿瘤的部位、大小、大体类型、Lauren组织学分型、浸润的深度、区域淋巴结转移的数目、肿瘤的远处转移及TNM分期;多因素分析有意义的因子为肿瘤的大体类型、辅助化疗、浸润深度、区域淋巴结转移数目、远处转移及TNM分期(P0.05)。结论肿瘤的大体类型、辅助化疗、浸润深度、区域淋巴结转移数目、远处转移及TNM分期是影响胃癌患者预后独立的因素,并为胃癌患者预后的判断及选择适宜的治疗方案提供有力依据。     

多层螺旋CT增强扫描在胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋(MS)CT三期增强扫描在胃癌术前TNM分期的应用价值。方法回顾性分析161例经手术和病理组织学证实的胃癌患者术前MSCT三期增强扫描的影像数据,由2名有经验的副主任/主任医师共同阅片后,根据肿瘤位置、胃壁浸润深度、淋巴结转移等情况对其进行TNM分期,并与术后病理组织学结果对照。结果与病理组织学TNM分期比较,MSCT术前TNM分期中T、N、M分期准确率分别为73.29%、77.02%、96.27%,T、N分期与病理组织学的一致性一般、较好(Kappa=0.715 4,0.724 1)。而M分期与病理组织学的一致性较好(Kappa=0.823 6)。结论胃癌MSCT三期增强扫描的CT征象与病理组织学具有较好的相关性,术前TNM分期的准确度较高,对临床手术和判断预后具有重要的指导意义。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.