椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的临床特点和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月上海华山医院治疗8例椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的临床资料,对临床特点、诊断和治疗进行分析、总结.结果 8例患者均行显微外科治疗,其中全切除5例,次全切除1例,大部切除1例,部分切除1例.随访1-24个月,其中6例死亡,2例存活,平均生存时间12个月.结论 椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤发病率低,恶性度高,预后极差,常规病理辅以免疫组化和分子遗传学方法可明确诊断.手术切除肿瘤结合放化疗的综合治疗是目前的主要治疗原则.     

椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤

目的探讨原发于椎管内的原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）的诊断与治疗。方法回顾6例椎管内PNET的临床资料，分析其影像学、病理学特点及治疗方法。结果6例椎管内肿瘤有3例化于硬脊膜下，1例局限于硬膜外，1例自椎间孔由硬膜外生长至椎管外，1例累及髓内、椎体、椎旁软组织。全部病例行手术治疗，全切除2例，近全切除2例，活检2例。术后均行HE染色及免疫组化病理检查。术后随访的5例患者中单纯放疗2例，单纯化疗1例，放化疗均进行共3例，均存活。结论椎管内PNET影像学表现多样，诊断困难。病理学检查是诊断的依据。手术切除范围可根据肿瘤生长特点灵活掌握。放化疗对肿瘤有效。但尚无统一的治疗方法。     

幕上及椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨幕上及椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的临床特点、诊断、病理表现和治疗进展。方法回顾分析我院一例病理证实的幕上及椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的诊疗经过,并结合相关文献进行复习。结果本例术前行头颅MRI检查呈混杂T_1WI和混杂T_2WI信号,增强后明显不均匀强化;术后病理检查提示均为原始神经外胚层肿瘤。术后行放化疗,一年后发现椎管内病变,MRI检查呈等T_1、稍长T_2信号,增强后明显均匀强化,术后病理检查提示也为原始神经外胚层肿瘤。结论原始神经外胚层肿瘤恶性程度高,易发生转移,影像学无明显特异性,病理检查是可靠的诊断依据,治疗方法优选手术联合放化疗。     

椎管内原始神经外胚层瘤

椎管内原始神经外胚层瘤是罕见的小圆细胞类恶性肿瘤,以儿童或青年为多发年龄,病理组织学以原始低分化和不同程度的神经分化为特点。按照其起源可以分为中枢性和外周性两大类。由于病例较少,目前关于椎管内原始神经外胚层瘤的文献资料主要是病例报告和个别病例的治疗经验。其临床表现和影像学特点没有特异性,目前尚没有统一的临床诊断标准。治疗主要以主要以手术切除后行放、化疗综合治疗,预后差,关于椎管内原始神经外胚层肿瘤的诊治意见未见结论性报告。本篇主要介绍椎管内原始神经外胚层瘤的临床表现、影像学特点、病理特点、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗方案和预后等特点,为椎管内原始神经外胚层瘤的临床治疗及进一步研究提供理论依据。     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤(附四例报告)

目的 探讨椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤的临床特点及分型、诊断、病理特点及治疗.方法 4例经影像学、手术和病理学证实的椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤,并回顾相关文献,总结所报告病例.结果 3例显微镜下全切,1例大部切除;术后病理检查提示中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤2例,外周性原始性神经外胚瘤2例;术后3例均给予全神经轴放疗和全身化疗,1例因经济原因术后出院后未再接受其他治疗;2例随访10个月及14个月仍生存,1例随访25个月死亡,1例随访6个月后失访.结论 椎管内原始性神经外胚瘤多见于成人;病程短;预后差;应根据病理分型制定手术后放化疗方案;CD99可作为临床上区别中枢性原始性神经外胚瘤和外周性原始性神经外胚瘤的免疫组化指标.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的：探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法：应用M eta分析对17篇奥氮平与其他抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析。结果：奥氮平自身对照比较的治疗效应极大（χ^2=141.00，P〈0.05）。治疗2周和治疗结束，奥氮平与对照药疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评分比较差异亦无显著性（P〉0.05）。与对照药相比，奥氮平的不良反应显著少于对照药组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：奥氮平与对照药的临床疗效相仿，但不良反应明显较少。