经额底纵裂入路显微手术切除鞍区肿瘤

目的 探讨经额底纵裂入路显微外科手术治疗鞍区肿瘤的于术方法及手术技巧.方法 应用经额底纵裂入路显微外科手术切除垂体瘤12例,脑膜瘤5例,颅咽管瘤3例,表皮样囊肿1例.结果 垂体瘤伞切除9例,近全切除3例;脑膜瘤SimpsonⅡ级切除5例;颅咽管瘤全切除3例;鞍上表皮样囊肿伞切除1例.结论 经额底纵裂入路对前颅底、鞍区草要解剖结构有良好暴露,有利于术中对大脑前动脉、颈内动脉、前交通动脉,垂体柄、视交叉、下丘脑及重要穿通血管等结构的保护,手术全切率高,术后出现偏瘫、失语、昏迷、尿崩的发生率低.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科策略与手术技巧

目的探讨显微外科治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的策略和手术技巧。方法回顾性分析31例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床表现、影像学资料和显微外科治疗结果。其中行单侧额下入路5例,翼点入路9例,改良翼点入路11例,双额冠状开颅经纵裂入路6例。结果Simpson Ⅰ级切除4例,Ⅱ级切除23例,Ⅲ级切除4例。术后视力改善24例,无变化4例,视力下降3例。死亡1例。结论根据肿瘤不同的生长形态选择恰当的手术入路和计划,应用显微外科技术操作,能够显著提高肿瘤的全切率和降低并发症。     

经单侧额下入路切除巨大前颅底脑膜瘤

目的总结经单侧额下入路切除巨大前颅底脑膜瘤的经验。方法报告6例巨大前颅底脑膜瘤,采用经右侧单侧额下入路手术,介绍体位、肿瘤显露和处理技巧。结果6例肿瘤均显露良好,SimpsonⅡ级切除,其中4例症状明显改善。结论对于巨大前颅底脑膜瘤,单侧额下入路较为便捷,创伤小,值得作为一种手术方式推荐给有丰富显微外科技术的医师。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路探讨

比较单侧额底入路与双额纵裂入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的疗效差异。方法将６７例鞍结节脑膜瘤随机分为２组，分别采用单侧额底入路和双额纵裂入路进行手术切除。结果二组的肿瘤全切除率、视力改善率、术后死亡率等均相似，但单侧额底入路组的双侧嗅神经损伤率、双侧额叶损伤率均较双额纵裂入路组显著减少。结论采用单侧额底入路可对各种大小的鞍结节脑膜瘤进行手术切除，并可减少手术创伤。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨显微外科手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析15例鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术.结果 所有病例均通过显微外科手术切除,选择单侧额下入路8例,翼点及改良翼点入路5例,经眶上锁孔入路2例.肿瘤全切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)11例,近全切除(Simpson Ⅲ级)4例.手术后视力改善7例,无改变3例,视力下降加重2例,1例术前双眼完全失明的术后无恢复,死亡1例.结论 全面的解剖知识及熟练的显微外科手术操作技巧是肿瘤全切及良好疗效的关键.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微外科手术入路选择与临床分析

目的探讨不同部位和大小的鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术入路和手术结果。方法回顾分析安徽省立医院神经外科自2002年01月至2011年07月鞍结节脑膜瘤49例,采用5种不同的手术入路,采用显微外科技术手术切除。分析全切除率、手术效果和并发症发生的情况。结果经单侧额下入路18例,经冠状开颅额下入路15例,冠状开颅前纵裂入路7例,眶上锁孔入路5例,翼点或改良翼点入路4例。肿瘤切除程度按Simpson分级评估,达SimpsonII级切除者40例,III级切除者9例,肿瘤全切除率(Simpson II级)为81.6%。本组1例死亡病例,死亡原因考虑术前患者即肿瘤卒中昏迷,术后致多脏器衰竭。术前38例合并视力减退及视野缺损,术后视力较术前明显改善20例,无明显变化17例,视力加重1例。结论显微手术是治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的主要手段,手术入路选择应根据:①肿瘤的生长方式,肿瘤的大小。②术前视力视野受累程度。③术者习惯。④手术路径最短,对脑组织损伤最小。手术疗效取决于:术前视力受累程度,病程的长短,术中对神经、血管和脑组织的保护,肿瘤全切除率等。     

单侧额下入路显微手术切除大型跨中线嗅沟脑膜瘤的临床分析

目的探讨经单侧额下入路切除大型跨中线嗅沟脑膜瘤的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性分析18例大型嗅沟脑膜瘤病例资料,肿瘤最大径4.2~6.6 cm,均经单侧额下入路进行显微手术。结果肿瘤切除达SimpsonⅠ级4例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级1例。无手术死亡病例,1例术后出现脑脊液漏合并颅内感染,治疗后康复出院。术后随访6~36个月,平均14.9个月,均恢复良好,未见肿瘤复发。结论单侧额下入路治疗大型跨中线嗅沟脑膜瘤是合理手术方式,可取得满意手术切除程度和良好疗效。     

经单侧额部纵裂入路显微外科切除鞍结节和鞍膈脑膜瘤

目的：探索经单侧额部纵裂入路切除鞍结节和鞍隔脑膜瘤的手术方法和手术效果。方法；11例鞍结节和7例鞍膈脑膜瘤经单侧额部纵裂入路切除；肿瘤大小；最大径小于3cm4例，3－6cm13例,大于6cm1例。结果：肿瘤全切除（Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级切除）16例，近全部切除2例；无手术死亡。术后视力视野改善11例，无变化5例，恶化2例，术后出现不同程度尿崩7例。结论：鞍结节和向前生长的鞍膈脑膜瘤经单侧额部纵裂入路能获得较好暴露和切除，预后良好。     

经额底前纵裂入路显微手术切除巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的 探讨经额底前纵裂入路显微手术切除巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年2月至2020年2月经额底前纵裂入路显微手术切除的10例巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 按Simpson手术切除标准分级:Simpson分级Ⅰ级切除1例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级1例。无手术死亡病例,术后无颅内感染及癫痫等并发症。术后病理检查确诊为良性脑膜瘤。术后随访8~30个月,未见肿瘤复发或病情加重病例。结论 经额底前纵裂入路切除巨大型嗅沟脑膜瘤,效果良好。     

经单侧纵裂入路显微外科治疗大型双侧嗅沟脑膜瘤（附13例报告）

目的探讨经单侧纵裂入路切除大型双侧嗅沟腑嘎瘤的手术方法及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院神经外科2001年5月至2009年3月利用显微外科手术切除的13例大型双侧嗅沟脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。13例大型双侧嗅沟脑膜瘤多以头痛、嗅觉障碍为首发症状。手术均采用单侧纵裂入路,切开大脑镰,不结扎上矢状窦。结果肿瘤全部切除12例,大部分切除1例,无手术死亡病例,随诊疗效满意。结论经单侧纵裂入路分块切除大型双侧嗅沟脑膜瘤符合微侵袭观念,可以作为大型双侧嗅沟脑膜瘤手术切除的一种选择术式。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。