P53表达对胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺疗效的影响

目的 探讨突变型P53表达情况对胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺(蒂清胶囊)化疗临床预后的影响.方法 入选经手术、放疗和替莫唑胺联合治疗的伴O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA转移酶(MGMT)低表达的胶质母细胞瘤患者,利用生存分析比较突变型P53高表达组患者与低表达组患者的临床预后是否存在统计学差异.结果 患者性别、年龄、Karnofsky生活状态(KPS)评分及肿瘤切除程度在两组患者问无统计学意义,突变型P53低表达组患者的肿瘤无进展生存时间明显长于高表达组(P＜0.05),两组患者的生存时间无统计学意义.结论 P53可能参与多形性胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺化疗的耐药机制,是影响其临床预后的一种生物指标.     

48例原发性胶质母细胞瘤的治疗经验

目的探讨胶质母细胞瘤手术加放疗、化疗综合治疗的疗效。方法 2007～2009年收治胶质母细胞瘤患者48例,均采用显微手术切除肿瘤;术后行全脑分割剂量放疗,部分患者采用立体定向放疗;同时联合化疗,方案是静脉滴注替尼泊甙60mg/(m2·d)+司莫司汀100mg/d,或口服替莫唑胺75mg(/m2·d)。结果肿瘤全切除43例,次全切除5例;术后无新增神经功能损伤33例,出现新的失语症状11例,新的肢体偏瘫症状10例。患者1年生存率为56.25%,肿瘤复发时间平均6.8个月。结论全切除肿瘤+术后早期行放疗+个性化化疗可延长胶质母细胞瘤患者生存期。     

放化疗同步与单纯放疗治疗胶质母细胞瘤的疗效比较

目的 比较单纯放疗(RT)与放疗加替莫唑胺(RT-TMZ)治疗胶质母细胞瘤的局控率、生存率及不良反应.方法 对60例首次术后的胶质母细胞瘤随机分为接受单纯放疗、放疗加每天持续的替莫唑胺治疗以及6个周期的替莫唑胺辅助治疗.每组30例.主要研究目标为整体生存率.结果 RT-TMZ组与RT组总有效率分别为53.3%和26.6%;1年累计局部复发率分别为63.3%和90.0%,1年无复发生存率分别为36.7%和10.0%,1年生存率分别为56.7%和16.7%(P<0.05).RT-TMZ组常见不良反应是恶心,呕吐,白细胞和血小板下降,但仅限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度.结论 在提高局控率、延缓肿瘤复发与提高患者无瘤生存期方面RT-TMZ组要优于RT组,而不良反应方面两组反应均较轻微.     

放、化疗同步治疗高级别胶质瘤

目的比较单纯放疗与放疗加替莫唑胺（放疗同时和放疗后给药）治疗高级别胶质瘤的局控率、生存率及不良反应。方法对52例首次术后的问变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤随机分为接受单纯放疗（分次照射局部放疗，2Gy／d，5d／w，共持续6W，总剂量60Gy）、放疗加每天持续的替莫唑胺治疗（75mg／m^2／d），7d／w，从放疗开始到放疗结束）以及6个周期的替莫唑胺辅助治疗（150～200mg／m^2，治疗5d，每28d为一个疗程）。每组26例。主要研究目标为整体生存率。结果放疗加替莫唑胺（RT—TMZ）组与单纯放疗（RT）组总有效率（CR＋PR）分别为76．9％和50．0％；6个月无进展生存率分别为73．1％和46．2％；中位无进展生存期分别为8．8个月和6．2个月（P〈0．05）。1年累积局部复发率分别为42．3％和76．9％；1年无复发生存率分别为57．7％和23．1％，1年生存率分别为65．4％和30．8％（P〈0．05）。RT—TMZ组常见不良反应是恶心，呕吐，白细胞和血小板下降，但仅限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。结论两组相比在提高局控率、延缓肿瘤复发与提高患者无瘤生存期方面RT—TMZ组要优于RT组，而不良反应方面两组反应均较轻微，所以放疗加替莫唑胺治疗新确诊的间变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤有效并能够明显提高生存率而毒副作用小。     

替莫唑胺联合调强放疗治疗胶质母细胞瘤术后残留临床研究

目的分析比较替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗和单纯调强放疗治疗脑胶质母细胞瘤术后残留患者的疗效和安全性。方法胶质母细胞瘤术后局部有残留患者共36例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各18例。观察组在调强放疗时同步口服替莫唑胺化疗,对照组行单纯调强放疗,两组放疗方法相同。治疗期间观察治疗副作用,在所有患者治疗结束后定期随访,影像学动态观察患者肿瘤体积的变化及Karnofsky评分评价神经功能状态。结果观察组肿瘤体积的缩小和神经功能评分的改善均优于对照组(P0.05)。两组生存率比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应有恶心、呕吐、头痛及骨髓抑制等,程度均较轻,无重要脏器损害,未影响治疗。结论替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗疗效优于单纯调强放疗,且不良反应可耐受。     

高分级脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的疗效

目的回顾性分析高分级脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2008-05—2011-05在我院治疗的高分级脑胶质瘤术后患者38例,其中间变性星形细胞瘤(WHO 3级)26例,多形性胶质母细胞瘤(WHO 4级)12例,手术完整切除22例,残留16例。均用三维适形放疗(3DCRT),5d/周,1次/d,2Gy/次,总量52~66Gy/[(26~33)次·(5.5~6.5)周],其中≥60Gy者28例,<60Gy者10例。替莫唑胺150mg/(m2·d),顿服,连续5d,28d为1周期,放疗第一周开始口服,共4个周期。结果全组1、3a生存率分别为68.4%、31.6%,中位生存时间为(21.23±4.45)个月;手术完整切除与手术残留组1、3a生存率分别为77.3%、45.5%与56.3%、12.5%(P<0.05);放疗剂量≥60Gy组与<60Gy组1、3a生存率分别为78.6%、39.3%与40.0%、10.0%(P<0.05)。急性放化疗反应主要为皮肤反应、白细胞减少、胃肠道反应及急性脑损伤反应。晚期发生放射性脑损伤仅2例。结论术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗高分级脑胶质瘤有较好的临床疗效,不良反应小,但手术后残留患者预后差,推荐术后放疗剂量不低于60Gy。     

高级别胶质瘤的治疗现状及思考

正高级别胶质瘤包括间变型胶质瘤(WHOⅢ级)和胶质母细胞瘤(WHOⅣ级)。胶质瘤的治疗方案包括手术、放疗以及化疗。针对胶质母细胞瘤,Stupp方案是目前国际通行的标准治疗方案——在最大程度保护脑功能前提下最大范围手术切除肿瘤,随后同步替莫唑胺(temozolomide,TMZ)的放疗,以及后续的TMZ化疗[1];其中位生存期为14.6个月[1]。自Stupp方案报道以来,已近10年,虽然高级别     

三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效。方法 2012年11月至2015年4月收治恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留58例,根据治疗方法分为观察组和对照组,各29例。对照组单纯采用三维适形放疗,观察组采用三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗,连续治疗4~6个周期。结果观察组总有效率(68.97%)、疾病控制率(86.21%)均明显高于对照组(分别为41.38%、62.07%;P0.05)。观察组1年生存率(72.41%)明显高于对照组(44.83%;P0.05)。年龄60岁、病理分级、术前KPS评分、是否完成化疗周期均是影响恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留预后的因素(P0.05)。结论三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的近期疗效显著,可提高1年生存率。     

贝伐单抗治疗复发胶质母细胞瘤的研究进展

<正>手术切除、术后放疗以及同步替莫唑胺化疗是治疗初发胶质母细胞瘤的标准治疗方案。对于经过标准化治疗后肿瘤进展的病人,可以采用继续手术、化疗、放疗等方法,但现在仍没有统一的治疗方案[1]。胶质母细胞瘤是一种高度血管化的肿瘤,高度表达血管表皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growthfactor,VEGF)。贝伐单抗可以高度选择性的作用于VEGF,从而达到阻断肿瘤生长的作用。最新美国国立综合癌症网络指南,已经将贝伐单抗作为临床一线药物治疗复发胶质母细胞瘤。     

影响胶质母细胞瘤患者预后的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响胶质母细胞瘤患者预后的临床因素.方法 回顾2008年1月至2013年1月于南方医科大学南方医院行显微手术治疗的198例原发胶质母细胞瘤患者的临床资料,对性别、年龄、起病至就诊时间、术前有无癫痫发作、术前KPS评分、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、肿瘤是否发生囊变、手术切除程度、术后是否行同步放化疗、术后是否存在颅内感染共11项因素进行生存分析.结果 单因素分析结果示术前有无癫痫发作、肿瘤部位、术前KPS评分、手术切除程度、术后是否同步放化疗、术后是否存在颅内感染对胶质母细胞瘤患者的预后有影响(P＜0.05);多因素分析结果示手术切除程度、肿瘤部位、术前KPS评分、术后是否同步放化疗、术后是否颅内感染具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手术切除程度、肿瘤部位、术前KPS评分、术后同步放化疗是影响胶质母细胞瘤患者的主要预后因素,其中手术切除程度是最重要的预后因素;而术后颅内感染的患者生存时间延长,可能与感染诱导的肿瘤免疫有关.     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。