两种压疮危险评估表预测效果的比较研究

[目的]测量并比较Waterlow压疮危险评估表和Braden修订版压疮危险评估表的预测效果。[方法]分别用两种评估表对332例病人进行评分，分析不同临界值时敏感性、特异性、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值。[结果]Braden修订版压疮危险评估表以19分为临界值、Waterlow压疮危险评估表以15分为临界值时敏感性、特异性、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值等指标间能达到较好的平衡，且Braden修订版压疮危险评估表各指标均大于Waterlow压疮危险评估表；Braden修订版压疮危险评估表的ROC曲线下面积略高于waterlow压疮危险评估表。[结论]Braden修订版压疮危险评估表和Waterlow压疮危险评估表都有较好的预测效果，尤其以Braden修订版效果更优。     

两种压疮危险评估表预测效果的比较研究

[目的]测量并比较Waterlow压疮危险评估表和Braden修订版压疮危险评估表的预测效果。[方法]分别用两种评估表对332例病人进行评分,分析不同临界值时敏感性、特异性、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值。[结果]Braden修订版压疮危险评估表以19分为临界值、Waterlow压疮危险评估表以15分为临界值时敏感性、特异性、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值等指标间能达到较好的平衡,且Braden修订版压疮危险评估表各指标均大于Waterlow压疮危险评估表;Braden修订版压疮危险评估表的ROC曲线下面积略高于Waterlow压疮危险评估表。[结论]Braden修订版压疮危险评估表和Waterlow压疮危险评估表都有较好的预测效果,尤其以Braden修订版效果更优。     

压疮研究进展

对不同病人群体的压疮发生率、病因与发生机制、危险因素评估方法、压疮的护理进行了综述。     

压疮研究进展

对不同病人群体的压疮发生率、病因与发生机制、危险因素评估方法、压疮的护理进行了综述。     

ICU病人压疮危险因素及其评估工具

ICU病人是压疮的高发人群,同时存在多种危险因素,且彼此相互影响.在压疮危险因素评估方面,国外的研究较多,但目前没有一个量表被严谨的科学研究证明在ICU内应用有较高的效度和信度.国内医护人员对压疮的评估和预防还处于经验性的决策阶段.     

手术患者压疮危险因素评估量表的研制

目的：制定针对手术患者的压疮危险因素评估量表,使手术室压疮护理有科学的评价工具。方法：在文献回顾和专家访谈的基础上,结合临床实践经验,确立备选指标,通过专家会议法自行设计第一轮专家函询问卷,采用德尔菲法对30名专家进行3轮函询。结果：手术患者压疮危险因素评估量表一级指标有患者因素、手术因素、麻醉因素,二级指标分别包括年龄、体质指数（体重/身高2）、受压点皮肤类型、活动能力、神经感觉障碍;手术体位、手术预计时间、术中施加外力、失血量;麻醉方式等。结论：采用手术患者压疮危险因素评估量表对手术患者进行术前评估,依据量表评分采取科学、合理、具有针对性的压疮预防措施,有利于减少围手术期压疮发生率,提高手术患者生活质量。     

ICU病人压疮危险因素及其评估工具

ICU病人是压疮的高发人群，同时存在多种危险因素，且彼此相互影响。在压疮危险因素评估方面，国外的研究较多，但目前没有一个量表被严谨的科学研究证明在ICU内应用有较高的效度和信度。国内医护人员对压疮的评估和预防还处于经验性的决策阶段。     

术中压疮护理在手术压疮高危患者中的应用

目的术中压疮护理在手术压疮高危患者护理中的应用研究。方法选取本院进行手术的压疮高危患者106例,根据患者接受手术时间的先后分为实验组和对照组各53例,实验组患者术中给予压疮护理措施,对照组患者则遵医嘱给予常规手术护理。结果实验组患者术中压疮的发生率低于对照组,实验组患者手术室护理服务满意率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术中压疮护理可降低术中压疮的发生率,提升患者对手术室护理工作的满意度。     

约翰霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表应用于住院患者的信效度分析

目的对约翰霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表汉化并进行信效度分析,确定其应用价值,为我国住院患者提供有效的跌倒评估工具。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取浙江省1所三级甲等综合医院成年住院患者400例,由2名研究者运用中文版约翰霍普金斯跌倒风险量表独立对同一例患者进行测定并进行信效度分析。结果中文版约翰霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表总的Cronbach’sα系数为0.791,剔除当前条目后量表Cronbach’sα系数在0.649~0.703,评定者间信度r=0.949,探索性因素分析提取的4个公因子累积方差贡献率为62.437%。结论中文版约翰霍普金斯跌倒风险评估量表具有较好的信度和效度,可用于我国住院患者的跌倒风险评估。     

护士进修需求评估量表的编制及信度、效度检验

目的 编制适用于临床护士进修需求的评估量表,并检验其信度和效度,为护士进修需求提供评估的工具.方法 通过查阅文献和质性访谈形成量表条目池,经两轮德尔菲法专家咨询,同时调查170名进修护士进行信度、效度检验后确定量表.结果 正式量表共20个条目,因子分析提取4个公因子,累计方差贡献率65.40％,分别为培训与考核需求、被...     

住院期间压疮高危人群的营养筛查和评估

介绍了压疮的危险因素及其与营养的关系,指出营养筛查和评估的方法包括临床评估、体格测量、饮食评估、生化评估。     

Evaluating content validity and test-retest reliability of the children's health risk behavior scale

OBJECTIVE: Describe the instrument development process and report the validity and reliability of the Children's Health Risk Behavior Scale (CHRBS), a scale designed to screen for health risk behaviors among youth aged 10-13 Years. METHODS: Domain identification and item generation using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and testing relevance and test-retest reliability among a target audience sample of 77 fifth graders in their classrooms in two separate public school districts. RESULTS: Youth performed their tasks as expert item reviewers effectively. Twenty-one items comprise the CHRBS with a reading level determined to be at the third grade. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a reliable and valid measure to assess late elementary youth's participation in health risk behavior.     

压疮危险因素评估表在癌症晚期患者中的应用

目的探讨诺顿评分联合Waterlow’s压疮危险因素评估表在癌症晚期患者预防压疮中的应用方法与效果。方法对227例癌症晚期患者采用诺顿评分初筛，≤14分的患者使用Waterlow’s压疮危险因素评估表再次评估，根据评估结果采取预防措施。结果患者压疮发生率明显减少。结论联合使用诺顿评分及Waterlow’s压疮危险因素评估表，并及时采取预防措施，可以降低压疮发生率。     

An analysis of the literature pertaining to pressure sore risk-assessment scales

• ? The purpose of this analysis was to determine which pressure sore risk-assessment scale was the most valid and reliable for use outside the elderly setting.
• ? It includes a review of the causes of pressure sores to determine the factors which should be included in a scoring system, an overview of the risk-assessment scales developed and an analysis of the research performed to test their validity and reliability.
• ? The study has shown that the Gosnell, Knoll, and Douglas scales have had little or no validity studies conducted and should therefore not be used in the clinical setting and the Pressure Sore Prediction Score should be used with caution outside an orthopaedic setting. The Waterlow scale has also not been fully validated and the Norton scale requires further validation to make it applicable to patients outside the elderly setting. The Norton scale has been shown to overpredict the risk of pressure sores, but the Waterlow scale may actually overpredict this risk even more.
• ? The Braden scale appears to be the most appropriate to use because it has been tested on a representative sample of patients with a wide age range (14–102). It also has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 64–90% compared with the Norton scale's sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 36%.
• ? The analysis concludes that more research is required on all of the scales to determine validity and reliability outside of the elderly setting and therefore all scales should be used with caution bearing in mind the limitations of each.

     

ICU病人压疮危险因素预测量表的系统性回顾(英文)

[目的]本研究旨在描述及确定用于ICU病人最有效的压疮危险因素预测量表。[方法]采用系统性文献回顾方法全面检索1996年—2010年相关文献,数据库包括Medline,CINAHL,Journals@Ovid,Science Direct及中文CAJ。共检出有效研究论文11篇,8篇英文,3篇中文;分析、比较和检视4个常用于ICU病人的压疮危险因素预测量表的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及各自最佳临界值。[结果]Braden量表为最常用于ICU病人压疮危险因素预测量表,但临界值设定各异;方差分析结果4个量表的4项预测指标之间无统计学意义。Cubbin&Jackson量表的敏感性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均高于其他3个量表。[结论]虽然Braden量表在国内外均较为常用,但Cubbin&Jackson量表是专门为ICU病人而设置,有较好的预测能力及较固定的临界值,但需要在中国人群中作进一步的验证。     

护护关系量表的编制及信效度检验

目的编制护护关系量表,并检验其信效度,为进一步研究护护关系提供可靠测量工具。方法编制具有4个维度26个条目的初始量表,选取某地区3所医院的174名护士进行预调查,收集的数据用来进行项目分析和探索性因子分析,选取护士372名作为正式调查对象,对问卷的内部一致性、重测信度和结构效度进行检验。结果确定量表包含4个维度21个条目,量表总体Cronbach'sα系数为0.904,4个维度的Cronbach'sα系数0.839~0.909;两周后重测,总体量表、各维度和各个条目的重测信度均在0.7以上;验证性因子分析显示,除AGFI外,其余各拟合指标均在要求范围内。结论编制的护护关系量表具有良好的信度与效度,可以作为研究护护关系的可靠测量工具。     

An investigation into the use of serum albumin in pressure sore prediction

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the relevance of serum albumin and serum sodium as predictors of pressure sores in addition to the Waterlow score. DESIGN: Observational study of patients at risk of developing decubitus ulcers. SETTING: Staffordshire, in the midlands of the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 773 elderly hospital in-patients of a district general hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Waterlow scores and serum albumin and sodium. Development of a pressure sore. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis of serum albumin, serum sodium and the Waterlow score showed the Waterlow score and serum albumin were significant predictors of pressure sores. CONCLUSIONS: Serum albumin may, in this patient group (in-patients over 64 years of age), be a useful predictor of pressure sore occurrence, though further work is needed to establish whether this is the case. Risk assessment of pressure sores can possibly be improved by adding serum albumin to one of the pre-existing tools such as the Waterlow score.     

居家长期照护老年人的压疮发生及风险因素调查与分析

目的了解居家长期照护老年人发生压疮情况及发生压疮风险因素。方法采用分层整群抽样法对909例老年人进行一般人口学资料调查及采用日常生活活动能力量表、工具性日常生活活动能力量表、Norton量表等对其进行测评,分析各相关因素对压疮发生的影响。结果居家长期照护老年人压疮发生率为25.8%;压疮的好发部位为骶尾部、髋部和足跟部;卧床分级、工具性日常生活活动能力和Norton量表压疮发生危险因素是压疮发生的重要影响因素。结论居家长期护理老年人压疮发生率较高,在社区和居家护理中需采取相对应的预防和干预策略。     

玉疮风险评估工具与预防进展

本文对国内外主要的压疮风险评估量表和压疮预防研究现状进行分析,结果发现：压疮风险评估量表中Braden量表具有较好的预测价值,但须进一步研究和明确不同量表的适用人群;应根据风险程度采取有效的预防措施,减轻局部压力、剪切力和摩擦力,增强皮肤耐受性,加强健康教育,从而减少压疮的发生。