挤出滚圆法制备葛根芩连微丸

目的制备能适合于工业化大生产具有较高载药量的葛根芩连微丸。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备葛根芩连微丸,对影响成球的4个关键参数水分比例、挤出速度、滚圆转速和滚圆时间进行筛选优化。结果制得的葛根芩连微丸载药量达70%、圆整度好、粒径分布窄,收率在90%以上。结论采用挤出滚圆法制备高载药量的葛根芩连微丸在工艺上是可行的,对中药微丸工业化大生产具有借鉴作用。     

葛根芩连汤治疗糖尿病120例

目的:观察葛根芩连汤治疗糖尿病的临床疗效.方法:对120例糖尿病患者采用葛根芩连汤(葛根30 g,黄芩20 g,黄连6 g,炙甘草6 g)治疗,每日1剂,4周为1疗程,2疗程后判定疗效.结果:显效32例,有效78例,无效10例,总有效率91％.结论:葛根芩连汤治疗糖尿病能显著降低血糖,并有效改善阴虚燥热的相关症状.     

葛根芩连汤的HPCE指纹图谱研究

目的　采用高效毛细管电泳法 ( HPCE)建立葛根芩连汤的指纹图谱。方法　电解质溶液由 30 mm ol/ L磷酸盐和 4 0 m mol/ L硼酸盐组成 ,未涂层融硅毛细管 ( 6 5 cm× 5 0μm,有效长度 4 3cm ) ,分离电压 2 2 k V,进样 1s,检测波长 2 5 4 nm ,温度 30℃。结果　上述条件下 ,葛根芩连汤中 2 7个成分得到了较好的分离 ,方法学考察结果符合定量测定和定性研究的要求。结论　该方法具有较好的分离效果和良好的精密度 ,可考虑作为葛根芩连制剂的质量控制方法     

葛根芩连方药中黄连总生物碱的含量测定

目的 建立葛根芩连汤及其制剂中黄连总生物碱的含量测定方法。方法 氧化铝柱纯化，紫外分光光度法350nm处测定含量。结果 葛根芩连汤水提物中总生物碱含量为32．4mg／g，加样回收率为98．1％(RSD=2．9％)。葛根芩连微丸中总生物碱含量为19．6mg／g。结论 该法测定黄连总生物碱方法简单、结果准确，可为葛根芩连微丸质量标准、葛根芩连方及其他含黄连的方剂中生物碱的含量测定提供参考。     

葛根芩连汤对临床产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的抑制作用

目的分析葛根芩连汤对临床产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和大肠埃希菌标准菌株的抑制作用。方法收集两株产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌临床菌株以及两株大肠埃希菌标准菌株(包括1株产β-内酰胺酶菌株及1株非耐药菌株)。运用微量二倍稀释法、平板涂布法测定葛根芩连汤对4株菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果 (1)葛根芩连汤对两株临床菌株的MIC都是原浓度的1/2,产β-内酰胺酶标准菌株的MIC最小,非耐药标准菌株的MIC最大。(2)葛根芩连汤对两株临床菌株的MBC分别是1/2原浓度和原浓度,而对两株标准菌株均无MBC。(3)原浓度至1/4原浓度的葛根芩连汤均可抑制两株临床菌株的生长速度;原浓度至1/16原浓度的葛根芩连汤对产β-内酰胺酶标准菌株的生长都具有抑制作用,1/2原浓度至1/16原浓度的葛根芩连汤对非耐药标准菌株的生长具有促进作用。结论葛根芩连汤对临床产ESBLs大肠埃希菌有较好的抑菌及杀菌作用,而对非耐药大肠埃希菌的抑制作用弱,其或可通过调整应用抗生素后出现的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和非耐药大肠埃希菌的菌群紊乱来治疗肠道感染。     

葛根芩连结肠定位胶囊对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠疾病活动指数和结肠黏膜损伤指数的影响

目的 在传统葛根芩连方基础上设计制备葛根芩连结肠定位释药胶囊并对其治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效果进行评价。方法 优化处方制得葛根芩连结肠定位胶囊并进行质量评价。采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸复制溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,将模型复制成功的大鼠分成5组,即模型组、阳性对照组、葛根芩连简方组、葛根芩连全方组、葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊组,持续给药1周后比较给药后疾病活动指数（disease activity index, DAI）和结肠黏膜损伤指数（colonic mucosal damage index,CMDI）。结果 与模型组比较,葛根芩连简方和全方组DAI、CMDI均显著降低（P<0.05）;葛根芩连简方、全方组DAI、CMDI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊组DAI、CMDI均显著低于葛根芩连简方和全方组（P＜0.05）。结论 葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊可提高葛根芩连汤原方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效。     

葛根黄芩黄连方不同提取制备工艺的比较

目的通过对葛根黄芩黄连方(简称葛根芩连方)的3种不同提取工艺的药效及毒性的对比实验,为选择合适的葛根连芩方提取制备工艺提供依据。方法小鼠分为空白组、病理组、片剂组、丸剂组、汤剂组,其中后3组又分别分为高、中、低剂量组,除空白组外其余组灌服番泻叶提取液20m L/kg(4 g/kg)造成病理模型,片剂组、丸剂组、汤剂组灌服葛根芩连方提取物水溶液20 m L/kg。片剂组给药量分别为高剂量组1.60 g/kg,中剂量组0.80 g/kg,低剂量组0.40 g/kg;丸剂组给药量分别为高剂量组6 g/kg,中剂量组3 g/kg,低剂量组1.5 g/kg;汤剂组给药量分别为高剂量组13 g/kg,中剂量组6.5 g/kg,低剂量组3.25 g/kg。以湿粪数积分为评价指标,观察不同提取工艺样品止泻的功效。取30只小鼠分为片剂组、丸剂组、汤剂组,采用最大给药量试验进行不同提取工艺样品的急性毒性试验,最大给药体积均为40 m L/kg;片剂组最大给药浓度为0.66 g/m L、最大给药量折合饮片为67.96 g/kg,丸剂组最大给药浓度为0.63 g/m L、最大给药量折合饮片为89.01 g/kg,汤剂组最大给药浓度为0.74 g/m L、最大给药量折合饮片为177.77 g/kg;分别相当于临床70 kg人每公斤体重日用量的24倍、9倍和6倍;给药后连续观察7 d,记录小鼠反应情况。结果在药效试验中,按葛根芩连方的3种剂型提取得到的样品,对小鼠的腹泻均有明显治疗效果(P0.001)。其中葛根芩连片的止泻效果最优,且有统计学意义(P0.05),葛根芩连丸次之,葛根芩连汤效果较差。在毒性试验中,在最大剂量下小鼠均未出现死亡且无明显异常表现。结论葛根芩连方的3种制剂,以2015版《中华人民共和国药典》中记录的葛根芩连片的提取制备方法所得提取物对番泻叶引起的腹泻抑制效果最优。     

巴布剂基质配比的研究

目的 优选巴布剂基质配比.方法 采用正交试验设计法选择基质配比.以初黏力,剥离强度和内聚力的综合黏性得分为基质考察指标,对结果进行直观分析和方差分析.结果 优选基质配比为聚乙二醇:阿拉伯胶:卡波姆:聚丙烯酸钠=2∶1∶3∶2.结论 按优选最佳条件制备的巴布剂具有良好的延展性,外观平整光滑,且能满足黏弹性要求.     

葛根芩连方药中黄连总生物碱的含量测定

目的 建立葛根芩连汤及其制剂中黄连总生物碱的含量测定方法。方法 氧化铝柱纯化,紫外分光光度法350 nm处测定含量。结果 葛根芩连汤水提物中总生物碱含量为32.4 mg/g,加样回收率为98.1% (RSD =2.9%)。葛根芩连微丸中总生物碱含量为19.6 mg/g。结论 该法测定黄连总生物碱方法简单、结果准确,可为葛根芩连微丸质量标准、葛根芩连方及其他含黄连的方剂中生物碱的含量测定提供参考。     

宫宁巴布剂基质配比的研究

目的优选宫宁巴布剂的基质配比。方法以宫宁巴布剂成品的黏附力、外观、膜残留量、涂展性为考察指标,选择聚丙烯酸钠（1％）,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K-30（PVPK-30）,明胶,甘油的用量为影响因素,用L9（3^4）表进行正交试验。结果优选基质配比比例：聚丙烯酸钠（1％）-PVPK-30-明胶-甘油为4：4：3：4。结论优选巴布剂基质黏附性较强,敷贴舒适,制备简便。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.