2种肠内营养液在急性脑卒中治疗中使用的比较

目的探讨能全力及瑞索在急性脑卒中联合使用及单独使用的支持治疗后胃肠道功能改善的优缺点进行比较分析。方法对168例急性脑卒中病人采用鼻胃管置入,进行肠内营养,其中58例给予能全力进行肠内营养,60例给予瑞素进行肠内营养,另60例给予能全力、瑞素交替使用进行肠内营养,并对其胃肠道功能进行观察。结果能全力和瑞素交替使用组出现的腹泄例数明显低于能全力组,能全力和瑞素交替使用组出现的便秘例数明显低于瑞素组。结论能全力及瑞素在急性脑卒中联合的使用可有效减少脑卒中病人腹泻及便秘的发生。     

脑卒中老年患者早期应用不同肠内营养液的临床效果观察

目的 探讨不同肠内营养液支持治疗在恢复期脑卒中伴有意识和吞咽功能障碍患者应用的有效性.方法 80例合并吞咽困难的恢复期脑卒中患者,按照入院顺序随机分为两组,试验组采用肠内营养液鼻饲(40例)和对照组采用自制流质饮食营养支持方法(40例).两组患者于入院时和营养支持治疗21天后,分别进行营养指标的比较,观察其并发症的发生率.结果 经21天治疗后试验组患者的营养指标好于对照组,感染发生率低,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 脑卒中合并吞咽困难的恢复期患者,早期应用肠内营养液(能全力)支持治疗方式,可改善患者机体的营养状况,减少感染并发症的发生,有利于患者的早期康复.     

食道癌病人围手术期肠内营养支持

目的观察食道癌围手术期应用能全力肠内营养支持,对食道癌病人术后的营养、免疫状况及并发症的作用。方法食道癌病人40例,随机分为两组,试验组20例,在围手术期给予胃肠内营养支持,术前3d连续给予能全力鼻饲,术后24h即通过肠内营养输注系统给予能全力。对照组按常规处理,观察围手术期病人的临床表现,监测入院时、术后第7d血浆蛋白、免疫学指标及术后并发症等情况。结果试验组出现切口感染1例,对照组为3例。肺部感染试验组为1例,对照组4例。试验组病人应用能全力后血浆前清蛋白及转铁蛋白明显高于对照组,淋巴细胞计数差异有显著性意义。结论食道癌病人围手术期应用肠内营养有利于病人营养状态改善。     

肠内营养混悬液早期营养支持对急性重症脑卒中预后影响

目的：观察急性期重症脑卒中患者行肠内能全力营养支持疗法对全身状况及预后的影响。方法：急性重症脑卒中患者肠内营养混悬液能全力组患者25例行鼻饲能全力,对照组15例由家属自制流质鼻饲。比较两组患者入院时和治疗14d后血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白变化值,以及腹泻、便秘、肺部感染等并发症发生率,评价神经功能缺损评分变化。结果：（1）两组不同时间段营养指标检测,治疗后14天总蛋白、白蛋白变化不著,前白蛋白升高、血红蛋白均有所下降,两组治疗后各指标比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）两组并发症发生率：能全力组便秘、肺部感染及电解质紊乱发生率均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）入院后神经功能缺损评分：两组患者治疗后14天时神经功能缺损评分均有改善,能全力组改善优于自制营养组（P〈0．05）。结论：肠内营养混悬液营养支持可以较好地改善重症脑卒中患者的全身状况和预后。     

益生菌联合肠内营养对老年管饲患者腹泻影响及护理体会

目的 探讨益生菌联合肠内营养对预防老年管饲患者腹泻及改善腹泻症状的效果.方法 将118例老年管饲患者按入院顺序随机分为观察组和对照组各59例,对照组行常规管饲喂养能全力,观察组行常规管饲喂养能全力联合益生菌.结果 观察组发生腹泻4例(6.8%),对照组12例(20.3%),两组比较,差异有统计学意义,(P<0.05).结论 (1)益生菌联合肠内营养可预防和减少管饲患者腹泻的发生并改善其腹泻症状.(2)计划性、持续性、科学性护理是减少管饲患者腹泻的必要保证.     

重症脑卒中患者早期胃肠内营养及并发症的护理对策

目的 降低重症脑卒中患者应激性溃疡的发生卒,减少其胃肠内营养并发症发生,提高脑卒中患者的治疗效果,改进营养,促进康复.方法 将100例重症脑卒中患者随机分为两组.对照组50例采用传统营养支持方法,入院7d后留置胃管进行胃肠内营养;观察组50例24h内留置胃管进行胃肠内营养,并进行观察和护理.结果 观察组应激性溃疡发生率(P＜0.01),腹泻、病死率等方面明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 早期胃肠内营养,配合细致的观察护理,可预防应激性溃疡发生及减少并发症,改善重症脑卒中患者营养,促进患者康复.     

脑卒中患者肠内营养护理和制剂临床研究

目的:探讨肠内营养干预对重症脑卒中患者治疗效果的影响。方法:选择本院重症脑卒中患者92例,随机分成两组,实验组(46例)进行肠内营养护理干预,包括根据患者情况提供营养治疗方案,提供特殊的肠内营养制剂能全力,针对每例患者制定全面的护理计划和个体指导;对照组(46例)常规进行治疗护理。分别对两组患者进行相关生化指标测定,以观察治疗的效果,同期观察并发症。结果:提供特殊的肠内营养制剂和护理干预措施后,实验组血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、非瘫痪侧上臂三头肌肌围(MAMC)等指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05),且并发症少,实验组神经功能缺损程度改善较对照组明显,且平均住院日明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预,包括肠内营养制剂能全力和针对每例患者制定全面的护理计划和个体指导,可显著改善重症脑卒中患者的营养状况,减少并发症的发生,有利于患者康复。     

益生菌联合肠内营养对2型糖尿病并发急性脑卒中患者营养状况和并发症的影响

目的:观察益生菌联合肠内营养在2型糖尿病并发急性脑卒中患者中的运用效果。方法:将70例2型糖尿病并发急性脑卒中患者按随机数字表法分入研究组和对照组,每组35例。两组患者在入院后48h内即开始经鼻胃管进行肠内营养,研究组在肠内营养基础上使用益生菌。于肠内营养支持的第14天监测白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、空腹血糖,观察两组患者治疗期间腹泻、腹胀、便秘、卒中相关性肺炎发生情况。结果:研究组营养支持第14天ALB、PA、Hb明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组空腹血糖、腹泻、腹胀、便秘、卒中相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:益生菌联合肠内营养能更好改善2型糖尿病并发急性脑卒中患者的营养状况,减少并发症的发生率,有利于改善预后。     

集束化护理在降低脑卒中患者肠内营养并发症中的应用效果

目的探究集束化护理在降低脑卒中患者肠内营养并发症中的应用效果。方法选取2015年至2017年在我院神经内科接受医治的60例脑卒中患者进行研究,分成对照组和观察组,两组都应用肠内营养,对照组用以往的护理方式进行护理;观察组则在其基础上使用集束化护理干预方法。结果观察组患者恶心呕吐、腹胀腹痛腹泻、反流误吸等发生概率显著低于对照组。结论集束化护理能够高效减少脑卒中患者肠内营养时的相应病发症。     

艾灸神厥穴防治ICU肠内营养并发腹泻的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨艾灸神厥穴对于防治ICU肠内营养并发腹泻的临床效果。方法将80例ICU患者随机分为两组,分别为对照组和试验组,每组40人。两组患者在积极治疗原发疾病的同时,给予百普力进行肠内营养,同时针对试验组的患者在肠内营养的第一天开始给予艾灸神厥穴~([1])。对比两组患者肠内营养第七天的腹泻发生率以及患者及家属对于采取艾灸神厥穴的满意度。结果两组患者对照组和试验组在肠内营养的第七天来观察其腹泻发生率,两组患者的腹泻发生率明显不同,对照组的腹泻发生率为25%,而试验组的腹泻发生率为10%。两组患者对于护理满意度也有明显不同,对照组满意度为75%,试验组满意度为95%。结论艾灸神厥穴防治ICU肠内营养并发腹泻的临床疗效显著,并且具有操作简单的特点,同时,在采用艾灸神厥穴后,患者的生活质量得到进一步提升,生活状态提升~([2])。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.