耳内镜下儿童腺样体吸切术100例临床分析

目的介绍一种既安全、便捷又符合微创要求的儿童肥大腺样体切除术式。方法对100例腺样体肥大的儿童,在耳内镜指引下应用40°正反向切割吸引刀头,经口行肥大腺样体吸引切除,并分析其疗效。结果100例患儿术后症状消失者89例,症状明显改善者11例,有效率100%,术后随访无腺样体残留及并发症发生。结论耳内镜下经口行儿童肥大腺样体吸切术,具有安全可靠、操作简单、切除彻底、疗效显著等优点,是一种理想的腺样体肥大切除术式。     

鼻内镜下三种方法切除儿童腺样体

目的总结鼻内镜下三种不同的手术方法治疗儿童腺样体肥大的经验,探索最佳的治疗方案。方法选择2009年6月～2011年10月全麻下经鼻内镜腺样体切除患儿1148例,应用90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路低温等离子切除腺样体368例,90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术切除腺样体肥大677例,0°小儿鼻内镜下经鼻腔径路Medtronic动力系统切除腺样体103例。结果9 0°成人鼻内镜下口腔径路低温等离子切除腺样体的3 6 8例患儿术后无明显疼痛和出血,基本不影响进食;90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术切除腺样体的677例患儿中有较明显的疼痛,术后出血7例,占1.03%;0°小儿鼻内镜经鼻腔Medtronic动力系统切除腺样体手术时间长,操作困难,术后需要鼻腔填塞。结论 90°成人鼻内镜经口腔径路Medtronic动力系统切吸术和等离子消融术治疗腺样体肥大是很好的微创手术方法,但笔者更倾向于应用等离子消融术。     

70°鼻内镜下低温等离子剥推融切术治疗儿童腺样体肥大

目的探讨70°鼻内镜下低温等离子剥推融切术治疗儿童腺样体肥大的方法及效果。方法对317例腺样体肥大患儿行鼻内镜下低温等离子剥推融切术,再辅以相应药物治疗,分析疗效。结果术后随访6~12个月,317例均无复发,疗效满意。结论 70°鼻内镜下低温等离子剥推融切术治疗儿童腺样体肥大具有视野清晰、界限清楚、出血少、患者康复快等特点。     

鼻内镜下吸切割器行小儿腺样体切除疗效观察

目的 观察鼻内镜下吸切割器切除腺样体肥大的临床疗效。方法 采用全麻插管鼻内镜下吸切割器切除肥大腺样体35例；同时采用43例作对照组，采用全麻插管或表麻下传统的腺样体刮除法。结果 鼻内镜下吸切割器切除腺样体肥大疗效明显优于对照组。结论 鼻内镜下吸切割器切除腺样体肥大并发症少、止血彻底、疗效好，值得推广。     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除术对儿童慢性鼻窦炎和分泌性中耳炎转归的影响

目的：探讨鼻内镜指导下吸切器切除腺样体对儿童慢性鼻窦炎和分泌性中耳炎临床转归的影响。方法：对15例并发慢性鼻窦炎和(或)分泌性中耳炎的腺样体肥大患儿,在鼻内镜指导下采用Xomed电动吸切器行腺样体切除术,再辅以药物治疗后观察其转归情况。结果：15例患儿睡眠打鼾停止,无腺样体残留及并发症发生。术后慢性鼻窦炎和(或)分泌性中耳炎经药物治疗后均痊愈。结论：鼻内镜下吸切器腺样体切除术,是一种微创、有效的手术,且对与腺样体肥大有关的慢性鼻窦炎和分泌性中耳炎亦有良好的治疗效果。     

鼻内镜口腔途径选择性切除儿童肥大腺样体的手术技巧及疗效分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经口腔电动吸切选择性切除儿童肥大腺样体手术方式及疗效分析.方法 对有多种典型临床症状(包括打鼾、鼻塞、流脓涕、听力下降、口颌面部及生长发育畸形等)的56例腺样体肥大患儿,全麻下开口器撑开口腔并拉起软腭,经口腔插入70°鼻内镜显露鼻咽部肥大的腺样体,采用弯头正反向切割吸引刀头,明视下选择性吸切阻挡后鼻孔区的肥大腺样体部分,其余腺体组织保留,并与传统的盲刮法(79例)及鼻内镜下全切除法(25例)进行疗效比较.结果 本组全部患儿术后1～3天打鼾症状基本消失,未见术后并发症.手术创伤轻,出血少,患儿恢复快,经随访1～6个月,鼻部阻塞症状消失及明显改善49例(占87.5％),13例有耳部症状者治愈及明显好转者9例(占69.2％).而对照组盲刮法鼻症状改善有效率(62％),术后反应较重,出血较多;全切法有效率(84％),出血较多,术后反应较重.结论 采用鼻内镜经口明视下选择性吸切阻挡后鼻孔区的肥大腺样体部分,具有手术在明视下操作,术腔较宽敞、安全有效、微创、出血少及术后恢复快等优点,在众多的手术方法中是一种较为理想的选择术式.     

鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术对咽鼓管周围组织的处理

目的总结鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术在处理咽鼓管咽口周围结构的临床经验。方法回顾分析26例腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。着重探讨对咽鼓管扁桃体和咽鼓管圆枕后方肥大淋巴组织的处理方法。结果鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术术后治愈率和好转率较常规腺样体刮除术高(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜直视下用弯头外侧开口吸切头经口腔入路切除腺样体对于清除咽鼓管周围淋巴组织具有明显优势,对于改善咽鼓管通气功能甚为重要,而且降低了咽鼓管咽口损伤的可能。     

鼻内镜下腺样体肥大的手术治疗

目的探讨鼻内镜下经鼻腺样体切除术的可行性和优点。方法在鼻内镜下对较大儿童及成人腺样体肥大经鼻行腺样体切除术48例,治疗由腺样体肥大引起的睡眠呼吸障碍、鼻阻塞和咽鼓管功能障碍等。结果术后腺样体切除干净,无残体存留,鼻咽部结构显示良好,无出血、咽鼓管损伤等并发症,随访0.5~2年,病人症状消失。结论鼻内镜下腺样体肥大切除手术能在直视下进行,增加了手术的安全性和准确性,病变切除更加彻底,手术疗效明显,并发症少。     

鼻内镜腺样体切除术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨鼻内镜指导下吸切器切除腺样体对儿童分泌性中耳炎临床转归的影响。方法 30例伴有腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患儿，在鼻内镜指导下，应用Xomed电动吸切器行腺样体切除术，再辅以药物治疗，观察其分泌性中耳炎的转归情况。结果30例患儿听力都得到改善，打鼾停止或消失。其中显效25例（83．33％），有效5例（16．67％）。无腺样体残留及并发症发生。结论 鼻内镜下吸切器腺样体切除术是一种微创手术，对于伴有腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎具有良好的治疗效果。     

鼻内镜下应用吸切器治疗腺样体肥大83例

腺样体肥大是耳鼻咽喉科临床上最常见的儿童疾病之一.患者常见有睡眠时张口呼吸、打鼾、憋气等等,严重者形成腺样体面容,治疗方法主要是手术切除,随着医疗技术的发展,现在很多医院已经使用鼻内镜+吸切器(医用手术吸引切割器)治疗腺样体肥大,但手术方式多样,我科自2007年2月～2009年8月对83例患者进行鼻内镜下应用吸切器切除腺样体肥大,取得了很好的效果,得出点滴体会,现报告如下.     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗儿童慢性咳嗽疗效分析

目的：方法:对慢性咳嗽儿童行鼻内镜检查,筛选出腺样体肥大并感染患儿39例,全麻下行鼻内镜下腺样体切除。结果：39例患儿中,29例痊愈,8例好转,2例手术前后无明显变化,转诊儿科,诊断咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）,收儿科治疗。 总有效率为95%。结论：对于腺样体肥大并常有感染的患儿,行鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗继发性慢性咳嗽是合理和有效的。     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗幼儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗幼儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效。方法 我们为16例诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征且鼻咽侧位片检查确诊为腺样体肥大的患儿施行了鼻内镜下腺样体切除术,手术在经口插管全身麻醉下进行。结果 打鼾、鼻塞等症状消失或减轻,随访6～12个月无复发。结论 鼻内镜下腺样体切除治疗幼儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征效果确切。     

腺样体切除术对儿童慢性鼻窦炎的影响

目的:探讨腺样体切除术对儿童慢性鼻窦炎的影响.方法:慢性鼻窦炎患儿51例,其中单纯腺样体切除术17例,腺样体切除术加鼻窦开放术22例,单纯鼻窦开放术12例,术后随访6个月以上.结果:单纯腺样体切除组有效率88.2%,腺样体切除术加鼻窦开放组有效率100.0%,单纯鼻窦开放组有效率75.0%.腺样体切除术加鼻窦开放组和单纯鼻窦开放术组之间的有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论;腺样体肥大与儿童慢性鼻窦炎发生密切相关,腺样体切除术是有效的辅助治疗措施.     

经口-鼻内窥镜下腺样体吸切术在治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征中的应用

目的：探讨经口-鼻内窥镜下腺样体吸切术在治疗患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）儿童患者手术中的应用。方法：对经睡眠监测诊断为OSAHS的48例儿童，同时行头颅侧位X光片或鼻咽纤维镜检查确定腺样体肥大程度，采用气管插管全麻行扁桃体剥离加经口－鼻内窥镜引导下腺样体吸切术。结果：所有患儿术后睡眠呼吸通畅，夜间憋醒消失，打鼾明显减轻或消失，无术后大出血，随访3～6个月，无鼻咽闭锁、咽鼓管瘢痕等并发症。结论：扁桃体剥离加经口-鼻内窥镜引导下腺样体吸切术治疗OSAHS患儿可缓解病情，减少手术并发症。     

腺样体铲除术对咽鼓管功能影响的研究

目的:观察鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术与传统腺样体铲除术对腺样体肥大患者咽鼓管功能的影响。方法:选取诊断为腺样体肥大且不伴中耳炎的住院患者为研究对象,分别采用鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术和传统腺样体铲除术,在治疗前及治疗3个月后分别检测咽鼓管功能。结果:2组患者治疗前咽鼓管功能检查无统计学差异,治疗后与术前相比,2组均有统计学差异;治疗后2组之间差异也有统计学意义。结论:鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术和传统腺样体铲除术均可改善腺样体肥大患者的咽鼓管功能,且鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术对咽鼓管功能的改善优于传统腺样体铲除术。     

儿童扁桃体、腺样体低温等离子切除术后出血的临床研究

目的 探讨应用低温等离子手术或者传统手术方式行儿童扁桃体、腺样体切除术在术后出血方面存在的差异。方法 回顾性分析1597例接受手术治疗的儿童慢性扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的患者资料,行等离子射频辅助的扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除术者793例(等离子组),行传统扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体者804例(传统组)。比较两组原发性及继发性出血的发生率、出血程度和出血部位的差异。结果 等离子组发生术后出血25例(3.2％),传统组出血19例(2.4％),两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3．34,P>0．05);其中等离子组原发性出血9例(1.1％),继发性出血16例(2.0％);传统组原发性出血11例(1.4％),继发性出血8例(1．0％),两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=9．45,P<0．01)。两组术后的出血部位经卡方检验,出血程度经Wilcoxon秩和检验,P值均>0．05,差异均无统计学意义。结论 低温等离子辅助行儿童扁桃体、腺样体切除术,在术后出血的发生率、程度、部位三个方面相对于传统的手术方法治疗,二者差异无统计学意义。     

Adenoidectomy vs endoscopic sinus surgery for the treatment of pediatric sinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare endoscopic sinus surgery with adenoidectomy for the treatment of refractory chronic sinusitis in children. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study in a pediatric otolaryngology service of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six children consecutively referred to the pediatric otolaryngology service between 1994 and 1997 with computed tomographic documentation of sinusitis subsequently underwent endoscopic sinus surgery or adenoidectomy. Their ages ranged from 2 to 14 years. Sixty-one children received follow-up. Two main outcomes were documented: (1) symptom status at least 6 months after the intervention and (2) requirement of the alternate procedure or a revision procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-four (77%) of 31 children who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery had improved symptoms, compared with 14 (47%) of 30 children who underwent adenoidectomy (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; P = .01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that endoscopic sinus surgery was significantly better than adenoidectomy after age, sex, allergy, asthma, day care attendance, and computed tomographic stage were adjusted for (OR, 5.2; P = .03). The diagnosis of asthma also appeared to be an independent predictor of success (OR, 4.37; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery is better than adenoidectomy for the treatment of refractory chronic sinusitis in a select group of children.     

Endoscopic adenoidectomy with microdebrider

To describe endoscopic power assisted adenoidectomy and review the experience with the procedure demonstrating its safety and efficacy. Prospective study of 44 patients aged between 7 to 15?years undergoing power assisted adenoidectomy between Jan 2004 and July 2006. Tertiary care private teaching hospital. Forty four consecutive children with adenoid hypertrophy undergoing power assisted adenoidectomy. Therapeutic endoscopic adenoidectomy using microdebrider. Operative time, blood loss, complications, completeness and depth of removal, surgeon's satisfaction and recovery period. The average operative time was 12?min (range: 8-16?min) and average blood loss was 30?ml (range: 24-42?ml). Complete resection was possible under vision with few complications. The surgeon satisfaction was high and post-operative recovery good. Power assisted adenoidectomy is quick, precise and safe. There is good visualization during resection thus improving precision and ensuring complete removal of adenoid tissue.     

Endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of conventional curettage adenoidectomy

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common cause of airway obstruction in children and its recurrence after conventional curettage adenoidectomy is not rare. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of curettage adenoidectomy on decreasing the incidence of adenoid re-hypertrophy. Three hundred and fifty children diagnosed as having AH, underwent conventional curettage adenoidectomy by a single surgeon. The cases were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B, group B were further subjected to nasopharyngeal exploration by the nasal endoscope after removal of their adenoids with cauterization of any visible residuals, while group A were not subjected to this endoscopic maneuver. Follow-up was carried out for at least 2 years; flexible nasopharyngoscopy was used for detection of recurrent AH. Cases that were not subjected to endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration (group A) showed a high recurrence rate (6.6%), while explored cases (group B) showed a low incidence of recurrence (1.18%). Most recurrence of group A (6%) was detected within the first year of the follow-up period which may indicate re-growth of residual adenoidal tissues that were missed during conventional curettage adenoidectomy. Endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration at the end of conventional curettage adenoidectomy is a useful method in decreasing the incidence of recurrent AH.     

Obstructive adenoid tissue: an indication for powered-shaver adenoidectomy

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the incidence of intranasal extension of adenoid tissue and residual adenoidal obstruction of the posterior choanae following traditional curette adenoidectomy to determine the efficiency of adenoid curettage and the usefulness of intraoperative endoscopic examination and powered-shaver adenoidectomy in achieving better postnasal patency. DESIGN: Prospective intraoperative endoscopic evaluation of the posterior choanae and nasopharynx of a case series of 130 patients before and after curette and powered-shaver adenoidectomy. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: One hundred thirty consecutive pediatric patients with obstructive adenoidal hypertrophy undergoing adenoidectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of residual postnasal obstruction due to adenoid tissue was assessed endoscopically (grades 0-3) after curette and adjuvant powered-shaver adenoidectomy. The presence of intranasal adenoid tissue was also recorded. RESULTS: Following traditional curette adenoidectomy, 51 (39%) of 130 patients had residual obstructive adenoid with 42 patients (32%) having occlusive intranasal adenoid tissue. Having determined the presence of remaining obstructive tissue with intraoperative nasal endoscopy in these 51 patients, complete airway patency was achieved with powered-shaver adenoidectomy. CONCLUSION: The presence of intranasal extension of adenoids obstructing the posterior choanae is common in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Traditional adenoidectomy is ineffective in removing this tissue and may also leave obstructive tissue high in the nasopharynx. Intraoperative nasal endoscopy allows assessment of the completeness of surgery. Powered-shaver adenoidectomy enables complete removal of obstructive adenoid tissue thereby ensuring postnasal patency.