CT引导下经皮肺穿刺氩氦靶向治疗肺转移癌

目的　观察经皮肺穿刺氩氦靶向治疗肺转移癌的可行性和安全性。方法　采用CT引导下 ,经皮肺穿刺氩氦靶向治疗肺转移癌。结果　 4 0例肺转移癌患者 80个病灶接受了氩氦刀治疗。 5 1个直径≤ 4cm肺内肿块 ,冰球覆盖肿瘤面积达 98 9% ,显效率可达 10 0 0 % ,而 2 9例直径 >4cm的肿块 ,冰球覆盖肿瘤面积达 87 0 % ,显效率达 86 2 % ,表明氩氦靶向治疗肺癌的局部疗效主要取决于肿块的大小。手术过程较安全 ,无 1例术中死亡。术后并发症较少 ,4 6 8%患者术后有少量咯血 ,2 5 8%有气胸 ,19 4 %有胸腔积液 ,19 4 %术后咳嗽加剧 ,16 1%有发热。术后 1周 6 7 7%的瘤体呈空洞样改变 ,体积增大 ;术后 1月瘤体缩小 ,11 1%病灶完全吸收 ,2 2 2 %还有空洞样改变。 3月后 ,瘤体进一步缩小 ,9 5 %的病灶 (<3cm)完成吸收。绝大多数密度变低 ,仅有 19%呈空洞样改变。 6月以后 ,瘤体变化不大。随访 15个月 ,中位生存期为 5个月。根据寿命表法计算 ,氩氦刀术后 6个月生存率为 6 6 % ,15个月为 5 0 %。结论　氩氦刀比较安全 ,疗效可靠。长期疗效有待进一步总结     

氩氦刀治疗中晚期肝肿瘤

目的探讨氩氦刀靶向冷冻综合治疗中晚期肝肿瘤的疗效。方法72例中晚期肝肿瘤,采用B超或计算机体层摄影术引导经皮穿刺肝肿瘤氩氦靶向冷冻消融术。共计对117个病灶使用203把氩氦刀2次循环冷冻。结果氩氦超导低温靶向定位对肝肿瘤穿刺准确。冷冻术后有90．3％（65／72）的患者精神状态得到改善,腹部疼痛症状减轻,恢复快。应用18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖扫描显示肿瘤局部放射性浓聚影明显降低。计算机体层摄影术影像上可见肿瘤区域内有空泡样破坏,边界清楚,计算机体层摄影术值较冷冻前低。结论氩氦刀加综合治疗肝癌疗效明确,对正常肝组织损伤少,安全、有效、微创,为已丧失手术机会的晚期肝肿瘤患者开辟了一条新的治疗途径。但应强调的是氩氦刀仅仅是一种局部物理冷冻技术,应该结合化疗、放疗、生物治疗等综合措施。     

CT导向氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺部肿瘤影像学表现研究

目的研究CT导向经皮穿刺氩氦刀靶向治疗肺部肿瘤后影像学变化,临床疗效及预后。方法CT引导经皮肺穿刺氩氦刀靶向治疗肺癌及肺转移瘤96例。结果96例中,肺癌82例,肺转移瘤14例,共110个病灶。氩氦刀共治疗103次,平均每次治疗1.06个病灶。肿瘤直径1.2~15cm,平均(4.0±2.5)cm。直径<4cm的肺内63个肿块显效率100%,直径4~6cm的肺内24个肿块,显效率95.8%,直径>6cm的23个肺内肿块,显效率69.6%。肺部肿瘤冷冻后CT表现病灶处开始可见逐渐增大的低密度类圆形冷冻区,冷冻区中心CT值为负值。随着氩氦刀冷冻治疗后时间延续,大部分肿块较前比较有不同程度的缩小或消失,P<0.001。术后12月CT追踪了81个病灶,肿块完全消失(CR)16个(19.8%),缩小(PR)42个(51.9%),稳定(NC)17个(21%),增大(PD)6个(7.4%),总有效率为92.6%。结论CT检查对肺部肿瘤氩氦刀靶向治疗后疗效的评价及预后判断有重要参考价值。     

CT引导配合氩氦刀治疗肺癌的应用

目的 探讨CT引导在氩氦刀治疗肺癌中的正确应用.方法 对无手术适应证的晚期肺癌患者,在CT引导下准确定位,经皮穿刺行氩氦刀冷冻治疗.结果 本组22例肺癌患者均在CT引导下完成氩氦刀冷冻治疗,共26处病灶;其中17处完全被冰球覆盖,9处病灶冰球覆盖80%以上.近期总有效率达100%.术后测量冷冻区的CT值较术前平均下降35～55 Hu.结论 应用CT影像引导氩氦刀治疗可准确确定肿瘤部位及与周围组织的关系,方便选定进针角度和深度,使手术过程简化、安全.术后可实时观察冰球的大小,判断治疗效果.     

氩氦刀冷冻治疗肺癌的CT影像学分析

目的:分析氩氦刀靶向治疗肺癌的CT影像学征象及临床意义。方法:选择16例肺部肿瘤患者,在CT引导下,应用氩氦刀微创、靶向冷冻治疗,并分析其影像学表现特点。结果:氩氦刀冷冻形成的冰球能达到覆盖病灶体积的90%~100%,术前、术中和术后有不同的CT影像学表现。治疗后1~3月复查CT,肿块均有较大程度的缩小或消失。结论:CT影像学表现能够直接客观地评价氩氦刀治疗肺部肿瘤的临床意义及预后。     

肺部肿瘤CT导向氩氦刀冷冻治疗前后的影像表现

目的研究CT导向经皮肺穿刺氩氦刀靶向治疗肺部肿瘤前后的影像表现及临床疗效评价。方法对96例肺部肿瘤患者采用CT引导下经皮肺穿刺氩氦刀靶向治疗。所有患者术前、术后均行CT扫描，测定肿瘤大小及CT值，并分别于术后1、3、6、12个月复查CT。结果原发肺癌82例，肺转移瘤14例，共110个病灶，单病灶89例，多病灶7例。氩氦刀共治疗103次，平均每次治疗1.07个病灶。每次最多治疗3个病灶。肿瘤直径1.2～15.0cm，平均（4.0±2.5）cm。其中瘤灶直径〈2cm12个，≥2～4cm51个，≥4～6cm24个，〉6cm23个。冰球彻底覆盖瘤灶达其边缘外1am者25例。肿块直径〈4am的63个，有效率为100％，≥4～6am的有效率为95．8％（23／24），〉6am的有效率为69．6％（16／23）。肺部肿瘤冷冻后CT可见逐渐增大的低密度类圆形冷冻区，与非冷冻区有明显的界限。冷冻区中心CT值为负值，术后即刻CT值平均下降30～50HU，与术前CT值相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。氩氦刀冷冻治疗前后肿瘤直径比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。直径〈2cm的病灶治疗3个月后均已消失。术后12个月CT复查81个被消融肿块，完全消失16个（19．7％），缩小42个（51．9％），稳定17个（21．0％），增大6个（7．4％），总有效率为92．6％。43个鳞癌和28个腺癌经氩氦刀治疗12个月后疗效差异无统计学意义（X^2=0.05，P〉0.05）。结论肺部肿瘤氩氦刀冷冻治疗后CT影像表现对其疗效的评价有重要参考价值。     

氩氦靶向冷冻和联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌219例临床研究

目的 探讨经皮穿刺氩氦靶向冷冻治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的临床疗效,分析氩氦靶向冷冻联合化疗对肺癌局部控制及生存曲线的影响。方法 219例ⅢB和Ⅳ期NSCLC患者根据治疗情况分为单纯接受氩氦靶向冷冻治疗组（118例）和氩氦靶向冷冻联合化疗组（101例）,评估治疗后近期局部控制情况及生存时间,并采用Cox回归模型对联合化疗组进行多因素生存分析。结果 单纯氩氦靶向冷冻治疗组与联合化疗组患者氩氦靶向冷冻冰球覆盖率差异比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）;瘤体直径<4 cm患者较直径≥4 cm冷冻冰球覆盖率高,差异比较有统计学意义（P<0.05);氩氦靶向冷冻联合化疗组术后3个月局部有效控制情况较单纯氩氦靶向冷冻组高,差异比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）;单纯氩氦靶向冷冻与联合化疗组中位生存时间分别为（15.00±1.48）个月和（20.00±2.21）个月,差异比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对联合化疗组行多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、诊断分期及术后局部控制情况是影响远期生存率的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 经皮穿刺氩氦靶向冷冻联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC的近期局部控制情况及生存时间均优于单纯氩氦冷冻治疗;肺癌分期较早、瘤体较小及近期局部控制较好者相对预后较好。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺适形冷冻消融治疗肺癌的临床分析

目的 探讨CT引导监测,经皮穿刺适形冷冻治疗肺癌的安全性、疗效和可行性.方法 研究对象为肺癌患者,纳入标准:(1)肺功能差、年龄大不能耐受开胸者;(2)周围型肺癌累及胸膜及胸壁肿瘤而无法彻底切除者;(3)肺癌通过临床综合治疗病灶缩小稳定,但不能消失者;(4)局限性肺癌,有手术切除适应证,但患者拒绝手术治疗者.排除标准:(1)双侧或单侧多发病灶患者;(2)肿块靠近纵隔大血管,预计穿刺途径不可避免地会伤及大血管者;(3)严重肺功能低下,肺最大通气容积<39%;(4)重度咳嗽,反复出现呼吸困难,不能配合治疗者;(5)肿瘤晚期、明显恶病质及出血倾向者.根据以上标准入选66例共76个病灶进行了冷冻消融,病灶最大径为1.5～16.0 cm,全部病灶按照肿瘤体积行17 G冷冻探针穿刺适形冷冻.肿瘤最大径<3.0 cm者采取双针"夹击"冷冻;肿瘤直径3.0～5.0 cm者采取多针穿刺适形冷冻;肿瘤最大径>5.0 cm者采取瘤内穿刺适形布针,针距<1.5 cm.患者术后随访6个月至2年.疗效评价采用CT增强扫描,观察病灶大小及强化情况.结果 本组18例肿瘤最大径<3.0 cm,术中CT复查显示冷冻范围超过病灶边缘1.0 cm以上,病灶局部密度减低,紧邻病灶周围可见窄带状透亮环绕,其外围肺组织密度增高,呈磨玻璃样环绕病灶形成靶征;术后1、3个月复查显示,病灶及邻近肺组织无强化;6个月后复查,扫描局部可见纤维条索影;7例随访时间达2年,其中5例肿瘤无复发和转移,1例术后1年发现纵隔淋巴结肿大,1例出现肿瘤骨转移.22例肿瘤最大径在3.0～5.0 cm之间,术后即刻CT复查显示,冷冻冰球覆盖全部病灶,病灶边缘的分叶和毛刺等恶性肿瘤征象消失,病灶体积轻度增大;术后1、3个月复查实性病灶逐渐缩小;9例患者随访达2年,其中4例肿瘤无复发,3例肿瘤稳定,2例出现其他部位转移.26例肿瘤最大径>5.0 cm,术中复查,冰球覆盖病灶体积70%～90%,周围肺组织无冷冻损伤改变.26例患者术后进行了放、化疗等综合治疗,随访6个月,9例病灶体积缩小,11例病灶稳定,6例病灶进展伴身体其他部位转移.本组患者术中3例出现咳血;术后26例痰中带血丝,19例出现气胸,其中5例行胸腔闭式引流,气体完全吸收,拔管时间平均为5 d.结论 CT引导监测,经皮穿刺适形冷冻治疗肺癌疗效肯定,是一种可行的微创方法.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肾癌

目的初步建立氩氦超导手术系统(简称氩氦刀)靶向冷冻治疗肾癌的技术和探讨其原理、安全性及近期疗效。方法7例肾癌患者采用氩氦刀,在CT引导下经皮穿刺对肿瘤病灶行冷冻治疗。结果7例患者冷冻治疗后未出现出血、皮肤冻伤、感染或穿刺道种植转移等严重并发症。7例在冷冻治疗后1个月,CT显示病灶区内出现低密度坏死区,5例肿瘤大小无改变,2例瘤体有不同程度缩小。结论CT引导经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肾癌是一种安全、有效、微创治疗,特别是对于不能行手术切除的肾癌病例。     

CT导向经皮肺活检的临床应用

31例肺部肿块病人在CT导向下作了经皮针吸肺活检术,其中肺癌16例,肺穿刺活检准确率87.5%;良性病变15例,肺穿刺活检准确率93%、术后气胸3例(9.7%),小量出血1例(3.2%).CT扫描图像清晰.病灶定位准确.因此CT导向经皮肺活检术安全、准确、成功率高,在肺部肿块的诊断中有重要作用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.