电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定PM2.5中重金属元素

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱仪同时测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、铊、铅7种元素的方法。方法对PM2.5滤膜样品进行水浴超声浸取前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定浸取液中7种元素的浓度。结果测定元素标准曲线的相关系数均在0.999以上,铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、铊、铅的检出限分别为1.21、0.36、0.29、0.42、0.30、0.35、0.08μg/L,检测限分别为4.04、1.22、0.96、1.42、1.01、1.18、0.27μg/L,当采样体积为120 m3时,最低检测浓度为0.0067、0.0020、0.0016、0.0023、0.0017、0.0020、0.0004μg/m3。通过测定标准参考物质GBW(E)080212,测定值均在参考范围内。各元素回收率除硒外均在82.5%~99.8%之间,RSD小于5%。结论该方法样品前处理操作简便、检出限低、精密度高、准确性好,适用于大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中重金属成分的分析。     

四城市成人血液中主要重金属含量分析

目的比较四城市成人血液中5种主要重金属的浓度差异及来源。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、双道原子荧光光度计(AFS)对我国膳食类型不同的4城市(太原、天津、成都、镇江)的健康成年男性血液中五种重金属元素含量进行测定及比较。结果血铅、血镉浓度:成都、太原>天津、镇江;血铜浓度:太原>镇江;血汞浓度:太原>镇江、天津、成都;血砷浓度:镇江>太原>天津、成都。整体来看,有"东西差异"现象,即成都、太原重金属元素整体浓度高于天津、镇江;血液内部重金属元素间相关有统计学意义。结果血液重金属在城市间的差异可能与生活环境、饮食习惯的不同有关;重金属元素间的相关提示应综合其它相关元素来研究重金属的毒害作用。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定广式凉茶颗粒中重金属

目的:建立广式凉茶颗粒中重金属分析方法,调查凉茶颗粒中重金属含量。方法:凉茶颗粒和标准物质用硝酸超声波辅助冷消化后,加过氧化氢加热消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定消解液中As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn。结果:标准物质的测定值与标准值一致。本方法重金属测定相对标准偏差2.7%～7.9%,方法检出限0.3 ng/g～5.75 ng/g。部分凉茶中As、Cd、Pb和Cr含量高于食品安全国家标准和欧美草药食品重金属含量限定值。结论:该方法简单、快速、准确,满足凉茶颗粒中重金属质量控制要求。     

ICP-AES法测定玩具涂层可迁移重金属含量

目的：建立全谱直读等离子光谱仪同时测定玩具涂层中Sb，As，Ba，Cd，Cr，Pb，Se可迁移重金属残留量的检测方法。方法：在最佳仪器、反应条件下同时测定玩具涂层可迁移重金属含量（Sb，As，Ba，Cd，Cr，Pb，Se）。结果：具有良好线性（r〉0．9998），酸度影响小，最小检测限量0．0075mg／L，加标回收率在92％～102％之间，相对标准偏差小于1．7％。结论：该方法快速、准确、可靠，适用于玩具的日常检验。     

广东韶关新生儿重金属水平及与低出生体重关系

目的 调查广东某地新生儿体内重金属水平并探讨其与低出生体重关系。方法 采用方便抽样方法选择在广东省韶关2所医院分娩的1 036名孕妇进行问卷调查,同时采集新生儿脐带血,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测量脐带血中的砷、镉等金属含量。结果 在测量的金属中,金属砷的超标率最高,为72.49%,锑为48.07%,硒为34.07%,锰为27.12%,钡为14.48%;93.24%脐带血中钙偏低,46.81%铁偏低,94.11%铜偏低,64.19%锌偏低。除金属锰外,其他金属均与低出生体重相关;低出生体重组脐带血中砷、镉、锑、钡等几种重金属含量高于非低出生体重组,镁、钙、铁等必需金属含量低于非低出生体重组。结论 调查地区部分重金属污染较严重,部分必需金属缺乏较严重,低出生体重与大部分金属相关。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定火锅添加剂中的6种重金属

目的:建立一种用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定火锅添加剂中多种重金属方法。方法:样品经过微波消解前处理,经ICP-MS特征波长定性扫描后,分别选取51.9Cr、62.9Cu、74.9As、89.9Zr、110.9Cd、207.9Pb同位素的波长对样品进行定量测定。结果:用本方法相关系数可达0.9999,相对标准偏差为0.53%～2.91%,回收率在91.0%～103.3%之间,六种金属Cr、Cu、As、Zr、Cd、Pb的方法检出限依次为0.0008 mg/L、0.0005 mg/L、0.0005 mg/L、0.0005 mg/L、0.0002 mg/L和0.0006 mg/L。结论:该法能同时测定火锅添加剂中多种重金属,回收率高,重现性好,检测限低,可满足火锅添加剂实际样品的检测需求。     

西藏拉萨市一般人群274份尿液中13种重金属含量检测

目的 了解西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群尿液中13种重金属的内暴露水平及其分布特点。方法 2017年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,在拉萨市城关区和堆龙德庆区的一般人群中抽取288名调查对象,收集274份尿液样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测铅、汞、镉等13种重金属含量。两独立样本的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多个独立样本的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果 西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群中尿液重金属含量几何均数、P95分别为:尿铬1.08、22.19μg/L;尿锰0.71、7.76μg/L;尿钴0.30、2.23μg/L;尿镍1.61、11.16μg/L;尿砷16.44、50.63μg/L;尿硒9.13、30.87μg/L;尿钼47.55、144.72μg/L;尿镉0.35、2.36μg/L;尿锡0.33、2.01μg/L;尿锑0.09、0.40μg/L;尿铊0.22、0.64μg/L;尿铅1.71、7.84μg/L;尿汞0.47、6.87μg/L。尿液中部分重金属含量在性别、年龄、居住环境间的差异有统计学意义。与我国其他地区相比,西藏自治区拉萨市一般人群尿Cr、Hg含量较高,尿Sn、Sb含量较低。结论 本研究报道了拉萨市一般人群尿液中13种重金属的含量和分布特点,并揭示了其地域独特性,也为进一步开展西藏地区人群重金属的生物监测等研究提供了基础数据。     

深圳近岸海域海洋动物稀土元素组成特征及配分模式研究

目的建立定量测定深圳近岸海域海洋动物稀土元素(REE)的方法,并对REE组成特征以及配分模式进行分析研究。方法在深圳近岸海域采集60份海洋动物样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定钇、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、铒、钬、铥、镱、镥等15种稀土元素,并选择国家一级标准物质茶叶(GBW10016)进行定量分析的质量控制。结果软体动物、藤壶、鱼类及虾类的REE平均测定值分别为(2.66±2.28)、(4.69±1.32)、(0.03±0.03)和(0.07±0.02)μg/g;所测海洋动物的稀土配分特征总体上都表现为轻稀土元素的富集。结论(1)球粒陨石标准化处理表明,藤壶、软体动物和虾类与南海北部陆坡海洋沉积物、香港土壤以及中国大陆土壤稀土平均值配分模式较接近,而鱼类的则有所差异;(2)双壳类软体动物由于体内REE总量较高而存在食用安全风险;(3)由REE富集能力、与海洋沉积物相似的REE配分模式以及附着生长特性等方面的特征显示,藤壶及牡蛎是较好的海洋环境REE指示动物。     

陶瓷容器熬煮酸菜对重金属含量影响

目的探讨酸菜在陶瓷容器中熬煮砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、镍、铜等元素含量的变化。方法以微波消解预处理样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定熬煮后汤料、酸菜样品中各元素含量。结果用陶瓷容器熬煮酸菜,可使汤料中的汞、铅、镉、铬、铜含量由1.71、22.10、6.10、40.05、128.00μg/L增至3.76、26.75、8.20、53.50、183.75μg/L,分别增加约220%、21%、13%、34%和44%;可使酸菜中的汞、铅、镉、铬、铜含量由35.34、397.96、20.35、213.12、1 070μg/kg增至78.75、460.39、23.02、387.31、2 100μg/kg,分别增加约222%、17%、34%、81%和96%。结论酸菜在陶瓷容器内熬煮,锅体有较多汞、铬、铜和微量铅、镉溶出,基本无砷、镍溶出。     

中药材中5种重金属含量ICP-MS法测定

中药材中重金属含量超标已成为影响传统中药走向世界的重要问题。近年来,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)越来越受到重视,该方法在中药微量元素分析中已被广泛应用^[1-3]。     

Evaluation for Agricultural Usage with Speciation of Heavy Metals in a Municipal Sewage Sludge

This study was carried out to evaluate the agricultural usage of an anaerobically digested sludge in the contents and fractions of heavy metals. Therefore, a sequential extraction scheme according to the BCR's (Community Bureau of Reference) guidelines and total acid digestion were applied to sewage sludge samples. The results of total heavy metal concentrations in sewage sludge showed that the highest total concentrations were Fe, Zn and Mn. When Turkish, Europe and US EPA directives were compared with each other by depending on the use of sludge for agricultural purposes, all the heavy metals determined for this sludge were below the maximum permitted levels, except for Cd. This sludge should not be applied to land due to its high Cd content. The results of heavy metal fractions indicated that some metals (Cd, Mn, Pb, and Fe) distributed mainly in the residual fraction. All fractions of Zn showed no variation. Cu and Cr were most abundant in the oxidizable phase while Ni was in exchangeable phase. Although total content of Ni in the sludge is lower than the maximum levels allowed by all the directives, it tends to be easily moved and dispersed in the environment. Due to its high mobility, the examined sewage sludge may cause phyto-toxicity after its agricultural application.     

Heavy Metals in Fish from Lakes in Latvia: Concentrations and Trends of Changes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from inland waters in Latvia. The level of metal (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn, Fe) accumulation in fish tissues (muscle, liver, and gills) relative to contamination level, gender, age, and tissue type were studied in fish samples from 14 bog (dystrophic) lakes and 23 lakes of different trophic status. Samples from some sites in the vicinity of the largest cities had significantly increased metal levels. In contrast, fish tissues from bog lakes had very low metal levels, possibly because of the high concentrations of natural organic matter in these waters.     

马尾藻中几种金属元素含量及存在形态测定

以马尾藻为原料,采用不同的溶剂进行提取,分别得到脂溶性组分、水溶性组分、酸溶性组分、碱溶性组分和残渣组分;利用原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Ca、Zn、Mg、Pb、Cd等5种金属元素的含量。结果表明:所测定的5种元素中,Ca在马尾藻中含量最高,而Pb含量最低;上述金属元素在马尾藻中以多种形态共存。     

Levels of Heavy Metals Pollution in Different Types of Soil of Central Greece

This investigation was performed in order to clarify the degree of heavy metals pollution in forest, agricultural and industrial surface soil samples in relation to pre-anthropogenic soils of Almyros region, in Central Greece. In 2004 and 2005 soil samples were collected and analysed for available (DTPA method) and total (Aqua Regia method) Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations. For each metal the enrichment factor with respect to the levels in pre-anthropogenic soils was calculated. All the types of soils appeared to be less polluted than in other investigations. In agricultural and industrial soils the available Cd concentration was higher than the other metals studied. The enrichment factor of Cu in relation to total concentration has the maximum value of the metals studied. Professor Mitsios is deceased.     

Analysis of Several Heavy Metals in Wild Edible Mushrooms from Regions of China

The metal (Cu, Ni, Cd, Hg, As, Pb) contents in wild edible mushrooms collected from three different sites in China were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. All element concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. A total of 11 species was studied, five being from the urban area and six from rural areas in China. The As content ranged from 0.44 to 1.48 mg/kg. The highest As content was seen in Macrolepiota crustosa from the urban area, and the lowest in Russula virescens from rural areas. A high Ni concentration (1.35 mg/kg) was found in Calvatia craniiformis from the urban area. The lowest Ni level was 0.11 mg/kg, for the species R. virescens and Cantharellus cibarius. The Cu content ranged from 39.0 to 181.5 mg/kg. The highest Cu content was seen in Agaricus silvaticus and the lowest in C. cibarius. The Pb content ranged from 1.9 to 10.8 mg/kg. The highest Pb value was found in C. craniiformis. The Cd content ranged from 0.4 to 91.8 mg/kg. The highest Cd value was found in M. crustosa. The Hg content ranged from 0.28 to 3.92 mg/kg. The highest Hg level was found in Agaricus species. The levels of the heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Hg in the studied mushroom species from urban area can be considered high. The metal-to-metal correlation analysis supported they were the same source of contamination. High automobile traffic was identified as the most likely source of the contamination. Based upon the present safety standards, consumption of those mushrooms that grow in the polluted urban area should be avoided.     

中国主要城市蔬菜重金属污染格局的初步分析

通过分析各主要城市蔬菜重金属污染监测数据 ,总结了全国蔬菜重金属污染的现状。按地理位置划分 ,南方地区蔬菜重金属污染较北方严重 ,而其中又以Cd的污染形势最为严峻 ;不同蔬菜种类的污染程度顺序为 :叶菜类 >茄果类 >豆类 >瓜果类。     

Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments in Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River,China

The heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the surface sediments of Yellow River in Lanzhou Reach was monitored for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mean sediment concentrations (in μg/g dry weight) ranged from 13.68–48.11 (As), 26.39–77.66 (Pb), 89.80–201.88 (Zn), 41.49–128.30 (Cr), 29.72–102.22 (Cu), and 773.23–1459.69 (Mn). Spatial distribution showed that each heavy metal concentration remained almost constant in this reach. Correlation coefficients indicated that metals were not strongly associated with sediment sand content or organic carbon content (f_oc). Labile fractions (exchangeable + carbonate + Fe–Mn oxide) had no significant correlations with sand content or f_oc, either. Results from the present study are useful for understanding heavy metal distributions in a torrential river sediment environment.     

超滤膜处理实验室废水中重金属离子实验研究

针对目前实验室废水中的重金属离子去除这一难题,采用超滤膜在不同的pH条件下进行了实验.结果表明:超滤膜对重金属离子虽然没有明显的去除效果,但在pH增大的情况下,重金属离子与加入的碱(Na0H)生成氢氧化物,从而能被超滤膜有效地截留.进一步的实验证明:pH为9.8时,超滤膜对重金属离子的总体去除效果较好.     

广东沿海海域海产品中重金属的含量及评价

目的 了解广东沿海海域海产品中重金属污染状况和食用安全性.方法 2007年4-8月采集广东沿海海域17个海区及2个海鲜批发市场海产品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定海产品中5种元素[铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)及锌(Zn)]含量,采用单因子污染评价模式对金属含量进行污染评价,根据无公害食品水产品有毒有害物质标准限量对海产品的食用安全性进行评估.结果 广东沿海海域鱼类中5种重金属含量均低于国家无公害标准.而贝类等软体动物中重金属含量相对较高.牡蛎中Zn及Cu含量最高,出现污染超标现象;栉孔扇贝及牡蛎中Cd含量超过无公害标准;除方斑东风螺的Cr含量超过无公害标准,贝类中Cr及Pb含量均低于无公害标准.结论 广东沿海海域鱼类5种重金属安全卫生质量较好,贝类中重金属含量大于鱼类,出现一定的超标现象.     

Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Black Tea Varieties Consumed in Saudi Arabia

The metal contents (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co) of 17 black tea samples were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Among the investigated metals Mn was the highest (1,071.7 microg/g), whereas Pb showed minimum levels (0.30 microg/g). Iron was the second highest element found in black tea samples. Lowest Pb concentration (0.30 microg/g) was found in Abu Jabal tea; whereas maximum (2.2 microg/g) was found in Manasul tea. Lowest Cd concentration was found in Lipton whereas maximum level was observed for Al-Diafa tea. The concentrations of Co and Zn in the analyzed samples were in the range of 4.5-17.4 and 23.7-122.4 microg/g, respectively. Metal-to-metal correlation studies showed strong correlations between iron-chromium, iron-cadmium and lead-copper pairs. The data obtained in the present work compared well with the counterpart data reported internationally. Based upon the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in the present study were found to be safe for human consumption.