多次移植骨髓基质干细胞有利于脊髓损伤修复

[目的] 研究多次经蛛网膜下腔移植骨髓基质干细胞对Wistar大鼠脊髓损伤的功能修复作用.[方法] 骨髓基质干细胞经体外分离、培养并用Hoecst33342标记.按照Allen方法把60只在T_(10)-T_(12)平面损伤的Wistar大鼠随机分4组,A、B、C、D组(对照组).在损伤平面蛛网膜下腔中段放置一硅胶管,在7 d后,注入1×10~6个骨髓基质干细胞.在2、3、5、7、12周荧光显微镜、免疫组化检测骨髓基质干细胞在损伤段脊髓的存活、分布、分化情况并作计数观察.使用BBB评分观测后肢功能恢复.[结果] 移植后7～14 d骨髓基质干细胞达到高峰,在7 d后表达巢蛋白及神经丝蛋白阳性.随时间的延长,移植在损伤部位的骨髓基质干细胞数量及神经元样细胞均有减少,但移植3次的细胞数减少速度较其他两组慢.移植3次组大鼠的BBB评分较移植1、2次组有明显的提高,P＜0.01,有统计学意义.[结论] 多次移植骨髓基质干细胞更有利于脊髓损伤的恢复.     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞以其良好的增殖和多向分化能力,取材方便,易于分离培养和自体移植无免疫源性等特征而成为细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤研究的重点之一。目前已证实蛛网膜下腔注射是最理想的骨髓间充质干细胞治疗途径。早期临床应用骨髓间充质干细胞移植是安全的,对脊髓损伤的修复作用是肯定的,其作用机制可能与骨髓间充质干细胞的替代作用、神经营养作用、抑制免疫反应及促进轴突再生等有关。     

神经干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤后遗症患者的护理

对30例脊髓损伤后遗症惠者进行神经干细胞移植治疗.结果 经过系统化整体护理及规范康复治疗后,患者住院20～62(27.10士7.50)d出院.随访3～24个月,22例患者感觉、运动和植物神经功能得到改善,8例症状无明显变化.提出积极预防和治疗并发症,正规系统的康复训练及全面细致的心理护理,有利于神经干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤后遗症患者的恢复.     

干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤后排尿障碍的可行性

一直以来,脊髓损伤因其高致残率而被视为医学界的一大难题。在脊髓损伤的诸多并发症中,泌尿系统并发症是脊髓损伤患者最主要的死因之一。由于损伤的神经细胞无法再生,目前对于脊髓损伤患者排尿障碍的各种治疗效果都十分有限。然而,随着干细胞研究的不断进展,越来越多的实验表明干细胞移植治疗可以改善脊髓损伤后的排尿功能,提示该方法具有一定的可行性。本文就近年来关于干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤后排尿障碍的研究进展,从常用干细胞种类、干细胞移植治疗的机制、干细胞移植时间、干细胞移植途径几个方面做一综述,并提出通过干细胞体外分化得到能够分泌5-羟色胺的神经细胞来进行移植治疗脊髓损伤后排尿障碍的新思路。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤研究

20世纪90年代成功分离出骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)并移植用于治疗急性脊髓损伤动物模型,引起了广泛关注。BMSC移植治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究主要有单独移植、联合支架移植、联合细胞移植、联合药物移植及转基因干细胞移植等。该文就BMSC生物学特性、BMSC移植治疗脊髓损伤研究现状及进展作一简要综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一种严重的中枢神经系统损伤,以损伤平面以下感觉、运动功能完全丧失及大小便失禁为主要临床表现.脊髓损伤治疗目标是减少继发性损伤,挽救受损的脊髓神经元;利用各种手段和方法促进神经再生和整合,实现脊髓结构性修复与功能重建.既往临床治疗方法包括药物、手术、物理康复等.虽然这些方法在不同程度上缓解了SCI的病理改变,但仍然无法避免患者截瘫的结局.近年来研究发现,骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)是一群来源于骨髓组织中的非造血细胞,是多能干细胞,易于分离培养,扩增能力强,免疫性低.实验结果表明,骨髓间充质干细胞在体内、外能被诱导分化为神经细胞.这为脊髓损伤提供了新的治疗方法,并已初步应用于临床.本文对骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤研究进展作一综述.     

骨髓基质细胞体外分化移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的初步研究

[目的]探讨大鼠骨髓基质细胞体外分化为神经干细胞后移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的可行性。[方法]骨髓基质细胞经培养及定向分化为神经干细胞，后者由5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷法标记，制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型，伤后第9d移植神经干细胞，实验分组：细胞移植组、PBS填充组、正常对照组。应用组化法观察移植细胞是否存活，取材前24h显露坐骨神经，行辣根过氧化物酶逆行示踪法观察脊髓损伤处的修复重建。[结果]骨髓基质细胞在定向分化为神经干细胞后标记并移植于脊髓损伤区，标记的阳性细胞可在受体脊髓内检测到，辣根示踪技术显示细胞移植组较PBS填充组阳性细胞明显增多，差别有统计学意义。[结论]大鼠骨髓基质细胞在体外分化为神经干细胞后移植于脊髓损伤区，移植细胞可以存活，并参与脊髓损伤处神经传导通路的结构重建。     

干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

创伤引起的脊髓损伤通常导致严重的肢体瘫痪,目前,药物疗法和康复疗法治疗脊髓损伤的效果并不明显.近年来,干细胞移植因其理论上的可行性及实验中可观的效果引起国内外学者广泛关注,用于移植的干细胞包括胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、间充质干细胞及诱导性多能干细胞等.笔者查阅了国内外相关文献,在本文中将对不同干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的现状及前景作一讨论和分析.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠脊髓损伤后功能恢复的影响

目的 观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植对脊髓损伤修复的促进作用.方法 用改良Allen法制作大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型.随机分成对照组(A组),脊髓损伤9 d后脊髓内微量注射生理盐水溶液5μl;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组(B组),脊髓损伤9 d后脊髓内注射骨髓间充质干细胞悬液5μl.移植后7、14、28 d采用斜板实验、脊髓运动功能BBB评分法观察大鼠运动功能恢复情况,脊髓诱发电位的检测观察神经功能恢复,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察脊髓损伤处空洞面积的改变情况,免疫组织化学法观察移植的骨髓间充质干细胞的存活及分化情况,损伤部位神经纤维的再生情况.结果 移植后28 d,两组斜板倾斜角度差异有统计学意义[A组(44.96±5.70)度,B组(53.19±6.51)度,P＜0.05];两组BBB评分差异有统计学意义[A组(6.8±1.2),B组(10.1±3.5),P＜0.05].同时,两组MEP潜伏期差异有统计学意义[A组(4.69±0.47)ms,B组(3.97±0.83)ms,P＜0.05],两组SEP潜伏期差异有统计学意义[A组(4.19±1.97)ms,B组(2.60±0.92)ms,P＜0.05].两组神经轴突计数差异有统计学意义[A组(32.8±6.1)条/mm2,B组(39.0±4.6)条/mm2,P＜0.05].实验组可见明显星形胶质细胞和神经纤维再生,脊髓损伤处的空洞面积明显减小.结论 骨髓间充质干细胞可在脊髓损伤处分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,能够减小脊髓损伤处的空洞面积,促进受损轴突的再生和运动功能的恢复.     

骨髓间充质干细胞与嗅鞘细胞联合移植治疗脊髓损伤的早期观察

[目的]探讨自体骨髓间充质细胞和异体嗅鞘细胞共培养及其联合移植修复脊髓损伤的可行性,为临床治疗提供一种新方法。[方法]无菌条件下采集自体骨髓间充质细胞和胎龄4～6个月的引产胎儿的嗅鞘细胞,分别培养至传代后再共培养,将共培养的混合细胞通过手术直视下移植至脊髓损伤部位。[结果]8例脊髓损伤患者接受自体骨髓间充质细胞和异体嗅鞘细胞联合移植,并获得1～6个月的随访,所有接受细胞移植的8例患者术后均无不良反应,其中1例术后1个月开始出现双下肢深浅感觉恢复,其余7例比细胞移植前无明显改善。[结论]自体骨髓间充质细胞和异体嗅鞘细胞共培养两者之间无相互抑制现象,近期观察二者联合移植修复脊髓损伤是安全的。     

Lumbar puncture delivery of bone marrow stromal cells in spinal cord contusion: a novel method for minimally invasive cell transplantation

Cell transplantation as a treatment for spinal cord injury is a promising therapeutic strategy whose effective clinical application would be facilitated by non-invasive delivery protocols. Cells derived from the bone marrow are particularly attractive because they can be obtained easily, expanded to large numbers and potentially used for autologous as well as allogeneic transplantation. In this study we tested the feasibility of a novel minimally invasive method--lumbar puncture (LP)--for transplanting bone marrow stromal stem cells (MSC) into a clinically relevant spinal cord contusion model. We further sought to determine optimal protocols for performing such minimally invasive cell transplantation. Sprague-Dawley rats received a moderate contusion injury at the midthoracic level followed by LP transplantation of MSC derived from transgenic rats that express the human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) reporter gene. The recipients were analyzed histologically to evaluate the extent of cell delivery and survival at the injury site. We found that MSC delivered by LP reached the contused spinal cord tissues and exerted a significant beneficial effect by reducing cyst and injury size. Transplantation within 14 days of injury provided significantly greater grafting efficiency than more delayed delivery, and increasing MSC dosage improved cell engraftment. The techniques described here can easily be translated to patients, thus accelerating clinical application of stem cell therapies.     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with subacute and chronic spinal cord injury

Stem cell transplants into spinal cord lesions may help to improve regeneration and spinal cord function. Clinical studies are necessary for transferring preclinical findings from animal experiments to humans. We investigated the transplantation of unmanipulated autologous bone marrow in patients with transversal spinal cord injury (SCI) with respect to safety, therapeutic time window, implantation strategy, method of administration, and functional improvement. We report data from 20 patients with complete SCI who received transplants 10 to 467 days postinjury. The follow-up examinations were done at 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation by two independent neurologists using standard neurological classification of SCI, including the ASIA protocol, the Frankel score, the recording of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials, and MRI evaluation of lesion size. We compared intra-arterial (via catheterization of a. vertebralis) versus intravenous administration of all mononuclear cells in groups of acute (10-30 days post-SCI, n=7) and chronic patients (2-17 months postinjury, n=13). Improvement in motor and/or sensory functions was observed within 3 months in 5 of 6 patients with intra-arterial application, in 5 of 7 acute, and in 1 of 13 chronic patients. Our case study shows that the implantation of autologous bone marrow cells appears to be safe, as there have been no complications following implantation to date (11 patients followed up for more than 2 years), but longer follow-ups are required to determine that implantation is definitively safe. Also, we cannot yet confirm that the observed beneficial effects were due to the cell therapy. However, the outcomes following transplantation in acute patients, and in one chronic patient who was in stable condition for several months prior to cell implantation, are promising. It is evident that transplantation within a therapeutic window of 3-4 weeks following injury will play an important role in any type of stem cell SCI treatment. Trials involving a larger population of patients and different cell types are needed before further conclusions can be drawn.     

Treatment of pressure ulcers with autologous bone marrow nuclear cells in patients with spinal cord injury

Context

Pressure ulcers are especially difficult to treat in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and recurrence rates are high. Prompted by encouraging results obtained using bone marrow stem cells to treat several diseases including chronic wounds, this study examines the use of autologous stem cells from bone marrow to promote the healing of pressure ulcers in patients with SCI.

Objective

To obtain preliminary data on the use of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) to treat pressure ulcers in terms of clinical outcome, procedure safety, and treatment time.

Participants

Twenty-two patients with SCI (19 men, 3 women; mean age 56.41 years) with single type IV pressure ulcers of more than 4 months duration.

Interventions

By minimally invasive surgery, the ulcers were debrided and treated with BM-MNCs obtained by Ficoll density gradient separation of autologous bone marrow aspirates drawn from the iliac crest.

Results

In 19 patients (86.36%), the pressure ulcers treated with BM-MNCs had fully healed after a mean time of 21 days. The number of MNCs isolated was patient dependent, although similar clinical outcomes were observed in each case. Compared to conventional surgical treatment, mean intra-hospital stay was reduced from 85.16 to 43.06 days. Following treatment, 5 minutes of daily wound care was required per patient compared to 20 minutes for conventional surgery. During a mean follow-up of 19 months, none of the resolved ulcers recurred.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that cell therapy using autologous BM-MNCs could be an option to treat type IV pressure ulcers in patients with SCI, avoiding major surgical intervention.     

神经干细胞静脉移植治疗脊髓损伤的实验研究

[目的]观察神经干细胞静脉移植对损伤大鼠脊髓功能的治疗作用。[方法]取孕14—16dSD胎鼠的脑室下区组织，体外培养后鉴定细胞。制作脊髓全切模型，伤后1周将Brdu标记好的神经干细胞通过尾静脉注射移植到大鼠体内，移植后及8周行皮层体感诱发电位（CSEP）检测和BBB功能评分，并留损伤脊髓处作病理切片及免疫组化染色。[结果]（1）移植后8周BBB评分损伤组、移植组都有所恢复，但都未达到正常水平，移植组恢复较好；（2）模型制作后，CSEP波均消失，细胞移植后8周移植组的波形有不同程度的恢复，但潜伏期延长；（3）移植组大鼠脊髓损伤处存在大量Brdu染色阳性细胞，表明移植的细胞在体内可到达损伤脊髓处并能存活；脊髓损伤部位NF-200及GFAP染色阳性的细胞表明移植的细胞可以分化为具有神经元和胶质细胞特性的细胞。[结论]静脉移植的神经干细胞能到达损伤区代替受损的神经元及神经胶质细胞，使损伤的脊髓功能得到一定程度的恢复。     

Facts and Figures at a Glance

Abstract

Context

Pressure ulcers are especially difficult to treat in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and recurrence rates are high. Prompted by encouraging results obtained using bone marrow stem cells to treat several diseases including chronic wounds, this study examines the use of autologous stem cells from bone marrow to promote the healing of pressure ulcers in patients with SCI.

Objective

To obtain preliminary data on the use of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) to treat pressure ulcers in terms of clinical outcome, procedure safety, and treatment time.

Participants

Twenty-two patients with SCI (19 men, 3 women; mean age 56.41 years) with single type IV pressure ulcers of more than 4 months duration.

Interventions

By minimally invasive surgery, the ulcers were debrided and treated with BM-MNCs obtained by Ficoll density gradient separation of autologous bone marrow aspirates drawn from the iliac crest.

Results

In 19 patients (86.36%), the pressure ulcers treated with BM-MNCs had fully healed after a mean time of 21 days. The number of MNCs isolated was patient dependent, although similar clinical outcomes were observed in each case. Compared to conventional surgical treatment, mean intra-hospital stay was reduced from 85.16 to 43.06 days. Following treatment, 5 minutes of daily wound care was required per patient compared to 20 minutes for conventional surgery. During a mean follow-up of 19 months, none of the resolved ulcers recurred.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that cell therapy using autologous BM-MNCs could be an option to treat type IV pressure ulcers in patients with SCI, avoiding major surgical intervention.     

静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞促进脊髓损伤后GDNF基因的表达

[目的]探讨经静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)后胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达的影响。[方法]MSCs提取自成年Wistar大鼠的股骨干骨髓,经原代培养、鉴定及5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(Brdu)核标记。以改良Allen′s打击装置制作大鼠T10节段脊髓损伤(SCl)模型,于伤后立即缝合切口并经尾静脉注射移植MSCs。实验共分为3组MSCs尾静脉移植组(A组)、生理盐水注射组(B组)、正常对照组(C组)。术后不同时间点应用免疫组化法和逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)观察MSCs移植后的存活状态以及不同时间点GDNF基因的表达变化。[结果]免疫组化结果MSCs经尾静脉移植后在损伤脊髓平面可以检测到迁移及存活,标记细胞呈棕黄色的核标记,以损伤区域为多并向周围迁移,移植术后第14d,A组Brdu阳性细胞较多,最远于距离损伤区2.5cm处可检测到。B及C组则均未检测到阳性细胞。RT-PCR结果移植术后第1、3、5d,A组表达量呈逐渐升高趋势,B组呈一过性表达升高,C组无变化。各时间点A组GDNFmRNA的表达量明显高于B组,P<0.05。免疫组化结果移植术后第7、14、28dGDNF的表达量明显高于B组,P<0.05。[结论]骨髓间充质干细胞经尾静脉移植后可迁移至脊髓损伤区域,并上调胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因的表达,是该移植方式修复大鼠脊髓损伤的机制之一。     

光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤后膀胱尿动力学和肌电图的影响

目的观察光感基因调控技术对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤所致神经源性膀胱功能的影响。方法 50只大鼠经尿流动力学检查无异常后进行随机分组,并采用T10脊髓完全横断建立脊髓损伤动物模型,分为假手术对照组、脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组和脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组。2周后进行膀胱尿动力学、肌电图测定。结果脊髓损伤蓝光刺激组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌肌条舒缩曲线大部分可见规律性变化,波形均匀一致;同时膀胱最大容量增加,内压降低,顺应性升高;而脊髓损伤无蓝光刺激组无上述变化。结论光感基因可以调节骶上脊髓完全性损伤后膀胱逼尿肌的收缩功能,对神经源性膀胱功能恢复有重要意义。     

干细胞移植治疗肢体淋巴肿29例临床研究

目的：探讨自体骨髓基质干细胞移植术治疗肢体淋巴水肿。方法：回顾性分析山东大学附属省立医院血管外科2008年8月—2011年6月采用自体骨髓基质干细胞移植术治疗的29例淋巴肿患者的临床资料。结果：抽取骨髓过程中2例出现乏力症状,第2天好转,其余患者均无异常。分离的单个核细胞计数为（110～820）×108mL-1,干细胞移植过程顺利。术后有3例患者自述患肢局部注射部位发热、胀痛感,后逐渐缓解,无其他明显并发症。平均随访18.3个月,10例患者肢围较术前无明显改善,但肢体皮质硬化程度有所下降;19例患者患肢与健肢周径之差明显减小,未发现明显并发症。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗淋巴水肿在理论上具有可行性,但远期安全问题需密切关注。     

神经移植术治疗截瘫神经性膀胱的尿动力学观察

目的　评价神经转位移植术治疗陈旧性截瘫神经性膀胱病人的手术效果。　方法　回顾性分析40例胸腰段骨折致截瘫神经性膀胱病人肋间血管神经转位桥接骶神经根35例、尺神经转位吻合阴部神经5例手术前后尿动力学检测结果。　结果　骶根组35例术前最大尿流率(Qmax)均低于正常,术后20例恢复正常（57%）,10例明显改善(28.6%),术前后逼尿肌最大收缩力分别为（60±15cmH