Beagle犬腹腔镜活体供肾-移植模型的建立

目的 探讨Beagle犬腹腔镜活体供肾-移植模型建立的安全性和可行性。方法 8条beagle犬随机分为两组,实验组行腹腔镜左肾供肾切取术,对照组行开放左肾供肾切取术,两组分别行组内同种异体肾移植术并置于左侧髂窝,同时切除白体右肾。统计两组取肾手术时间、术中失血量、热缺血时间、切口长度,肾移植手术时间、术中失血量、供肾动静脉吻合时间等手术指标及术后实验犬肌酐、尿素氮变化情况。结果 实验组腹腔镜供肾切取术均成功完成,无一例中转开腹,其中供肾切取手术时间(61.5±11.0)min,术中失血量(13.9±6.8) ml,供肾热缺血时间(81.4±9.3)s;对照组开放供肾切取术,无一例失败,其中供肾切取手术时间(66.1 ±13.5) min,术中失血量(32.7±4.8) ml,供肾热缺血时间(28.5±5.6)s;8例次同种异体肾移植术,全部成功,受体移植手术时间(87.3±13.9) min,术中失血量(13.5±5.2) ml,动脉吻合时间(19.8±6.7) min,静脉吻合时间(22.8±3.5) min,术后1个月观察期间内,无漏尿、出血、感染等并发症发生,术后第3天实验犬肌酐、尿素氮指标恢复正常。结论 Beagle犬腹腔镜活体供肾-移植模型的建立操作相对简便、容易掌握,成活率高,安全、可靠。     

后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术手术并发症分析

目的探讨后腹腔镜下活体亲属供肾切取术供体和供肾相关手术并发症的发生和处理。方法2003年12月～2009年1月行后腹腔镜下活体亲属供肾切取术117例,常规取腰部3个穿刺点入路,在肾脂肪囊内游离肾脏后,输尿管游离至肾脏下极7～8cm处剪断,肾动脉和肾静脉用直线切割器（Endo-cut）切断或用Hem-o-lok（Weck,USA）夹闭后剪断,立即取出肾脏用4℃肾脏保存液灌注肾脏。用直线切割器处理肾血管3例,用Hem-o-lok处理肾血管114例。结果117例供肾切取术均获得成功,无供体死亡,无中转开放手术,无围手术期输血,无移植肾功能延迟恢复。发生供体手术并发症5例（4.3%）：术中出血2例,均术中止血;术后腹膜后血肿3例,均经保守治疗后血肿吸收。发生供肾相关并发症8例（6.8%）：直线切割器造成供肾动脉额外分支1例,3支肾动脉分支分别与髂外动脉和髂内动脉的2个分支吻合;供肾浅裂伤2例,均用可吸收线缝合;供肾被膜下血肿2例,1例未处理,1例行被膜切开术,均未影响移植肾功能;供肾输尿管并发症3例,肾移植术后10d拔除移植肾输尿管支架管后出现输尿管膀胱吻合口漏尿,再次手术吻合后均获得成功。13例出现供体并发症和供肾相关并发症者,随访15～62个月,平均50个月,供体未发现其他并发症,血尿常规、肝肾功能、血糖及腹部B超正常;供肾B超检查形态正常,肾功能正常。结论后腹腔镜下活体亲属供肾切取术安全可靠,手术并发症发生可能与手术学习曲线有关,不断改进技术可能会减少手术并发症的发生。     

肠道-腔静脉引流的胰肾联合移植术

目的 探讨肠道-下腔静脉引流的胰肾联合移植术的手术操作及临床效果.方法 对3例慢性肾衰竭合并2型糖尿病患者施行肠道-腔静脉引流的胰肾联合移植术,3例均为首次移植,年龄52、58、58岁.每日胰岛素用量20～55 U.供体切取均采用多器官联合切取.热缺血时间8～12 min,供体修整均采用肝总动脉与胃十二指肠动脉端-端吻合以重建十二指肠动脉弓,利用供体髂总静脉延长供体门静脉,切除供体脾脏.以供体髂内动脉与供肾动脉端-端吻合备用.受者手术采用右下腹经腹直肌切口,游离腔静脉下段及右侧髂外动静脉,取动脉延长之供肾,将供肾静脉与受者髂外静脉行端-侧吻合,将供体髂总动脉与受者髂外动脉行端-侧吻合,供体髂外动脉(残端修整成斜面)以动脉夹暂时夹闭备用,十字切开侧腹膜,将供肾埋入,输尿管经腹膜外隧道牵至膀胱底行膀胱输尿管吻合术,胰腺移植采用供体门静脉与受者下腔静脉行端-侧吻合,腹腔干-肠系膜上动脉之腹主动脉袖片与供体髂外动脉残端吻合,开放血流后行供体十二指肠与受体小肠侧侧吻合并关闭十二指肠残端.术后保留胃肠减压,待患者胃肠道功能恢复后拔除.每4 h测血糖、每6 h测血清及胰周引流液淀粉酶1次,每日超声监测胰腺及肾脏血流,生长抑素0.1 mg皮下注射8 h 1次,2周后停用.免疫诱导采用抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白减激素方案.结果 3例患者手术过程顺利,手术时间分别为7.5、8.0及10.0 h,术中失血量300～500 ml,仅1例术中输注浓缩红细胞2 U.术后1～3 d内完全停用胰岛素.术后3～7 d内移植肾功能恢复正常.实验室检查SCr分别为86、98及112μmol/L.1例术后10 d出现消化道出血,考虑为肠道吻合口出血;停用抗凝药.给予止血药及输血6 U治疗后1 d出血停止.3例随访2～6个月,无排斥反应发生,空腹及餐后血糖正常.结论 利用供体髂动脉搭桥的方法进行的胰肾同侧联合移植术手术操作简单,创伤较小而且仪使用一侧髂血管,对于左侧髂动脉硬化严重的患者仍可施行该术式.因而扩大了受者的范围;为患者保留一侧髂血管,为今后再次肾移植创造了条件.同时腔静脉引流的胰肾联合移植术使供体门静脉与脾静脉的夹角更符合生理角度,可能减少脾静脉血栓形成的发生率.     

门静脉回流式肠道引流的同侧胰肾联合移植术四例

目的 改进门静脉回流式肠道引流的胰肾同侧联合移植术的动脉重建方法.方法 供者采用肝胰肾脾联合切取法,并切取供者髂血管备用.修整供者器官时,将肝总动脉与胃十二指肠动脉端端吻合,以重建胰十二指肠动脉弓;将髂总静脉与门静脉端端吻合,以延长门静脉1～2 cm;将髂外动脉与肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干共同的腹主动脉袖片行端端吻合,备用.胰腺移植时,将供者延长后的门静脉与受者肠系膜上静脉行端侧吻合,将供者髂总动脉及髂内动脉经末端同肠系膜打孔穿出后,供者髂总动脉与受者髂外动脉行端侧吻合,供者髂内动脉用血管夹暂时夹闭,准备与供肾动脉吻合.供者十二指肠与受者空肠用吻合器行侧侧吻合.肾移植时,将供肾静脉与受者髂外静脉行端侧吻合,肾动脉与夹闭备用的供者髂内动脉行端端吻合,开放肾血流后,将移植肾经切口置于右下腹部侧腹膜外同定,并在腹膜外吻合输尿管与膀胱.结果 除1例术后第50天时因腹腔感染导致多器官功能衰竭而死亡外,其他3例术后均恢复顺利.术后对3例存活患者随访了24～27个月,患者移植物功能良好,完全停用胰岛素,血清肌酐为72.5～119.7μmol/L.结论 门静脉回流式肠道引流的胰肾同侧联合移植术较传统术式操作简单,而十二指肠动脉弓的重建改善了胰腺及十二指肠的血液供应.术中利用供者髂总动脉搭桥,将供肾动脉吻合到供者髂内动脉的术式可以减少在受者严重钙化的周围血管上的操作次数,同时为患者保留了左侧髂动脉.     

自制取肾袋在后腹腔镜左侧供肾切取术中的应用

目的 探讨自制取肾袋用于后腹腔镜左侧供肾切取术中取出供肾的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年6月行后腹腔镜左侧供肾切取术的66例供者的临床资料,男性27例,女性39例,平均年龄为(58.3±7.8)岁.采用自制取肾袋取出供肾41例,未采用自制取肾袋取出供肾25例.比较两组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、...     

手助腹腔镜活体供肾摘取术在肾移植中的应用

目的 为减轻对话体供者的损伤，探讨腹腔镜在供肾切取中的应用。方法 对3名亲属活体供肾者采用腹腔镜切取肾脏，术前行磁共振、静脉尿路造影和数字减影血管造影检查，以了解供者双侧肾脏的血管情况，取肾术在全身麻醉下进行，先行腹腔穿刺，注入CO2气体，以形成气腹，供肾通过脐上腹中线切口取出。结果 2例取左肾，l例取右肾，3例取肾手术均获成功，手术历时5、4和3．5h，失血100～400ml，供肾热缺血时间分别为8、5、5min，血管吻合完毕开放血流后，移植肾均在1min内泌尿，移植肾功能良好。结论 活体供者采用腹腔镜取肾可减轻供者的手术创伤，术后伤口疼痛轻，住院时间短，身体恢复快。     

多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供肾评估及取肾手术方式选择中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在活体肾移植供肾及取肾手术方式选择中的应用价值.方法 90例活体肾移植供者接受了MSCT平扫及动脉期、静脉期和排泄期的扫描.采用最大密度投影和容积再现技术进行血管成像,所有MSCT图像均由2位影像医师盲法下独立进行分析和评价.根据重建的CT图像,影像医师与肾移植医师进行讨论,选择左肾还是右肾作为供肾,并确定采用腹腔镜下取肾手术或是开放式取肾手术.结果 90例供者中,78例接受了左肾切取术,其中71例左侧供肾无明显变异者接受了常规腹腔镜下取肾手术,7例两侧肾脏均存在如副肾动脉、多支肾静脉,或者肾静脉位于腹主动脉后方等较明显变异,接受了左肾开放式取肾手术;12例因左肾存在明显变异,接受了右肾切取术,均行手辅助腹腔镜下取肾手术.所有术中记录的肾血管及集尿系统的解剖结构与术前MSCT评价一致,其准确率为100％.2位影像医师在评价肾动脉、肾静脉和集尿系统中显示了很好的一致性.90例取肾手术全部成功,移植术后受者未发生肾静脉血栓形成等血管并发症.结论 MSCT作为活体肾移植供者术前评价“一站式”检查方法,可以为供肾和取肾手术方式的选择提供准确、有价值的信息.     

生长抑素在肾移植后淋巴漏治疗中的应用17例

肾移植后淋巴漏并非罕见,一旦发生,不仅会影响受者的切口愈合,而且会导致淋巴囊肿形成,影响移植肾的长期存活.淋巴漏的诊断和治疗现仍然存在争议,目前尚无公认的有效治疗方法.2008年1月至2011年10月,我们采用静脉微量泵输注生长抑素治疗肾移植后淋巴漏17例,疗效满意,现报告如下. 资料与方法 一、一般资料 肾移植后淋巴漏17例,其中男性13例,女性4例,年龄21～45岁,平均32.5岁.切口位于右侧髂窝者14例,位于左侧髂窝者3例.接受经腹腔镜切取的亲属活体供肾移植者15例,接受尸体肾移植者2例.手术方式均采用供肾动脉与受者的髂外动脉端侧吻合,供肾静脉与受者的髂外静脉端侧吻合.     

肾移植术中供肾二次缺血再灌注一例

我们由于失误 ,导致术中供肾二次缺血 ,恢复血流后移植肾功能恢复正常 ,现将本例报道如下。患者为男性 ,4 5岁。供肾移植于受者右侧髂窝 ,肾静脉与髂外静脉行端侧吻合 ,肾动脉与髂内动脉行端端吻合。开放血流后 ,移植肾色红润 ,但张力差 ,搏动弱 ,调整肾脏位置后肾脏又呈暗紫色。查看肾动静脉 ,见肾动脉吻合在静脉前(应在静脉后 ) ,导致肾动脉扭曲 ,肾静脉受压。调整肾脏位置仍不满意。开放血流后 6 0min输尿管无蠕动及尿液流出。只得再次阻断肾、动静脉 ,切除动脉吻合口段 ,静脉壁纵行切开 0 .5cm ,用 4℃HC A液灌洗肾脏 ,肾周放置碎冰屑…     

改进的套袖法吻合肾动脉建立大鼠原位肾移植模型

目的 观察改进的套袖法吻合肾动脉用于大鼠肾移植的可行性.方法 选择F344大鼠和Lewis大鼠分别作为肾移植的供、受者.切取供者左侧肾脏时,先剪断输尿管,然后阻断肾动、静脉水平上下的腹主动脉和下腔静脉,靠近下腔静脉剪断左肾静脉根部,经腹主动脉注入含肝素的4℃生理盐水对供肾进行原位灌洗后,靠近腹主动脉剪断肾动脉根部,取出供肾,放入4℃生理盐水中保存.切除受者左侧肾脏时,尽可能长的保留肾动、静脉以利于吻合.供肾植入时,采用改进的套袖法:用显微镊轻轻扩张供肾动脉后,协助显微持针器将针从供肾动脉血管外向血管内穿入,并从血管断端穿出第1针;接着穿入受者肾动脉断端,从受者肾动脉腔内向腔外穿出第2针;然后再从供肾动脉腔内、靠近第1针进针点处向腔外穿出,并与第1针的另外一端打结,此时受者的肾动脉已套入供肾动脉内;将供肾动脉边缘与受者肾动脉外膜固定2针,2针呈180度对角.供、受者的肾静脉及输尿管均行端端吻合.术后5 d内.若受者死亡,则认为手术失败.结泉共行肾移植20次,整个手术耗时70～90 min,供肾热缺血时间为4～9 s,冷缺血时间为30～40 min,肾动脉吻合用时(4.6±0.6)min,肾静脉吻合用时(11.8±1.2)min,输尿管吻合用时(12.2±1.4)min.术后5 d内,受者不明原因死亡1只,存活19只,手术成功率为95%.结论 采用改进的套袖法吻合肾动脉具有便捷、易于掌握、可靠及实用等优点,大鼠肾移植的成功率较高.     

Nephrectomy from cadaveric donor--new procedure alternative to evisceration technique]

In Japan, it has not accepted that kidneys were harvested from a heart beating cadaveric donor. We usually removed kidneys from a donor after a donor was in cardiac arrest. To minimize warm ischemia, we employed in situ perfusion of kidneys and new procedure alternate to evisceration technique in nephrectomy from a cadaveric donor. Our procedures for the harvest of the kidneys from the cadaveric donor were presented and the clinical result of our series were reported. The kidneys was promptly perfused with chilled Ringer's lactate solution through double balloon catheter placed into the aorta, just after cardiac function ceased. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed through a long midline incision from just beneath the xyphoid bone to the pubic bone. Upon entering the abdomen, the small bowel and mesentery were retracted to the right and the posterior parietal peritoneum was incised over the great vessels and through the ligament of Treitz. The peritoneal incision was extended around the right colon so the bowel can be retracted upward and the right kidney was exposed. Then, the peritoneal incision was performed around the left colon to explore the left kidney. Both ureters were transsected as far down toward the bladder as possible. The in situ perfusion was stopped. Thereafter, the superior mesenteric artery was transsected and the duodenum and the pancreas were retracted upward. The proximal vena cava and aorta were transsected at a 2-3 cm above the level of the left renal vein, and the distal vena cava and aorta at a 5-6 cm an below the level of the left renal vein. The kidneys and the great vessels were removed in en block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Technique, indications and outcomes of pure laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic nephrectomy for living renal transplantation has emerged as the gold standard. Nevertheless, experience with this technique for procuring right kidneys is limited. We report our single institution results of pure laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was initiated at the our institution in November 1999. Patient selection was initially limited to the left kidney but right surgery was started 2 years later after 97 operations had been performed. We prospectively acquired data on the donor and recipient, and specifically analyzed outcomes of the right kidneys. RESULTS: In a 40-month period 300 laparoscopic donor operations were performed. Overall 44 procedures (15%) were on the right side with the fraction greater (22%) after removing exclusion of the right kidney from laparoscopic selection criteria. In this cohort mean operative time was 170 minutes, significantly less than the 190 minutes for 50 contemporaneous left kidneys (p = 0.001). No case of right donor nephrectomy required open conversion and vessels were of adequate length. Donor and recipient complications were similar in the 2 groups without technical graft loss in the entire series. CONCLUSIONS: Our method of laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy yields excellent graft quality with adequate vascular length and without the need for elaborate modifications or hand assistance. Moreover, the right operation is technically easier and it achieved comparable donor morbidity and recipient renal function. With sufficient experience the right kidney should be procured laparoscopically when indicated.     

Incidence of donor renal fibromuscular dysplasia: does it justify routine angiography?

BACKGROUND: The use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) versus helical CT angiography (CTA) or MR angiography (MRA) for live renal donor evaluation is still controversial. Although CTA and MRA can detect some proximal moderate to severe arterial changes caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), mild and distal moderate FMD are not detected well without angiography. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of all potential, normotensive live renal donors at our center from July 1995 to June 2001. One hundred fifty-nine patients completed the donor evaluation process and underwent DSA. RESULTS: Seven cases of FMD, an incidence of 4.4%, were discovered. These patients were eliminated from donation. The distribution of renal vessels for our 159 patients was single arteries bilaterally, 64.8%; single left with multiple right, 16.4%; double left with single right, 9.4%; and multiple bilateral arteries, 9.4%. Three of the seven FMD patients had bilateral disease. Two of the seven (28.6%) FMD patients have subsequently required antihypertensive medications, with one requiring angioplasty of a progressive FMD stenotic lesion. CONCLUSIONS: We are concerned that CTA or MRA may overlook mild cases of DSA-detectable FMD. All seven FMD patients had single left renal arteries and would have undergone left donor nephrectomy. This would have resulted in their remaining right native kidneys having mild to moderate FMD in six of seven patients and in four donor kidneys having mild to moderate FMD. The need for antihypertensive medications in two of these seven potential donors within 4 years of their evaluation supports previous literature reports.     

Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy for kidneys with multiple arteries

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) involving kidneys with multiple arterial vessels is limited to a small number of reports, with all but two series reporting fewer than 25 patients. Moreover, outside of the pioneering centers at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins, no series of at least 25 patients has been published confirming these experience. The present study presents the largest series of LDN of donor kidneys with multiple arterial vessels outside of these two pioneering programs. METHODS: All LDN performed at the University of Cincinnati from 2000 to 2004 were reviewed. Results between LDN kidneys with a single vessel and those with multiple vessels were compared. Statistical analysis included chi-square and Student t test. RESULTS: Of 240 LDN, 37 were performed for kidneys with multiple vessels (15%): nine right kidneys (25%) and 28 left kidneys (75%). Cold ischemia time was longer for the multiple vessel organs (46 +/- 24 minutes) than for single vessel organs (35 +/- 13 minutes; P = .001), and warm ischemia time was longer for the multiple vessel kidneys (4:20 +/- 2:05 minutes) than single vessel kidneys (3:13 +/- 0:47 minutes; P = .001). Recipient renal function (serum creatinine) was similar for multiple and single artery donors at postoperative day 7 (1.76 +/- 1.38 and 1.7 +/- 1.47) and at postoperative day 365 (1.06 +/- 0.3 and 1.34 +/- 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: This experience confirms results from other series in documenting the safety and reproducibility of LDN for kidneys with multiple arterial vessels.     

Donor horseshoe kidneys for transplantation

BACKGROUND: Experience with donor horseshoe kidneys for transplantation is very limited. Currently, horseshoe kidneys may be underutilized for transplantation because of the greater incidence of vascular anomalies, associated renal anomalies, and predisposition to renal disease. METHODS: In this report, we review five transplantations using horseshoe kidneys: the largest reported institutional experience. In addition, a review of all published cases in the English literature is performed. RESULTS: All five patients underwent successful renal transplantations with a median follow-up of 35 months. One patient lost his kidney from recurrent disease soon after transplantation. CONCLUSION: With appropriate reconstruction of the vessels, careful division of the isthmus, and avoidance of ureteral obstruction, long-term data revealed good graft survival of donor horseshoe kidneys in renal transplantation.     

Kidney transplantation from living related donors with multiple vessels. A problem revisited

Thirty-one renal transplantations were performed using kidneys from living donors with known bilateral double renal arteries. In twenty-one patients both vessels were anastomosed but in ten patients a tiny polar vessel was sacrificed resulting in a small infarct in the grafted kidney. Results of transplantation in these patients were compared with those in recipients of related and cadaver kidneys matched for time of transplant, sex, and age of recipient. There is an increased incidence of acute tubular necrosis in recipients of transplants from living donors with double renal arteries. By several weeks after transplantation, however, renal function is identical to that in recipients of related donor organs with single arteries. Hypertension that is more common in patients with double renal arterial anastomoses is relatively easy to control with increased antihypertensive medications. Two patients had loss of the kidney transplants because of stenosis of one or both renal arterial anastomoses. Despite these losses, the results of renal transplantation from living related donors with double renal arteries are almost as successful as those from a related donor with single renal arteries.In contrast, recipients of kidneys with polar infarcts appear to undergo more episodes of rejection, infection, or both, than do recipients of related transplants with single renal arteries. In one patient with a polar infarct, delayed total ureteral necrosis developed.Living related donors with bilateral double renal arteries should be accepted as donors in preference to cadaver donors if both vessels can easily be anastomosed. If, however, a polar vessel must be sacrificed, it is suggested that a cadaver donor be utilized in preference to a related donor.     

Rapid harvesting both kidneys from one donor rat for transplantation with a technique of sharp dissection after irrigation

The comparisons of two different methods of donor nephrectomy were performed in this study. Fisher inbred rats were used as donors and recipients of kidneys. In method A (the conventional technique), meticulous blunt dissection of the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, and renal arteries/veins, was followed by ligating and cutting the superior mesenteric artery and small vessels entering the above vessels. Both donor kidneys were irrigated after the suprarenal aorta and inferior vena cava were cross‐clamped (n = 10). In method B, donor rats were systematically irrigated by infrarenal aorta catheterization following laparotomy, then the vessels were sharply mobilized using a pair of microscissors to directly cut the fat and adherent connective tissues away from the edge of the vessels (n = 10). Isotransplantation was performed by end‐to‐side anastomosis of the blood vessels and end‐to‐end anastomosis of the ureters. Irrigating the donor kidney before dissection provided a clear visual field, reduced the operation time (37.50 ± 6.84 versus 68.30 ± 11.53 minutes, p < 0.001), facilitated the dissection of vessels, and reduced the risk of vasospasm (5 out of 19 versus 0 out of 18, p < 0.05). This study has demonstrated the proposed technique is fast and safe, and may be useful in research of renal transplantation in the rat model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:569–573, 2010.     

A MICROSURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE

A modified technique for the transplantation of primarily vascularized mouse kidneys is described in which the donor was prepared by exposure of the left kidney, dissection of the suprarenal aorta and vena cava and of the ureter and bladder. The recipient was prepared by exposure of the infrarenal aorta and vena cava and isolation of approximately 1 cm of these vessels by proximal and distal 4/0 silk ties. The donor kidney was then perfused and removed to the recipient with the ureter and bladder. The transplant was completed by microsurgical end-to-side anastomosis of the aorta to aorta and vena cava to vena cava and the donor ureter was attached to the recipient bladder via a bladder patch. This technique differed significantly from the previously published technique in using cuffs of donor suprarenal aorta and vena cava rather than dissecting the base of the renal vessels. These changes made the operation easier and reduced ischaemia time from 35–40 to 25–30 min, a substantial improvement which increased both organ and recipient survival.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic right donor nephrectomy: surgical technique

Many centers have adopted laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) techniques for live donor nephrectomy. Currently, the majority of laparoscopic living donor kidneys are procured from the left side because of the longer renal vein and improved transplantation. However, indications exist for right donor nephrectomy. We present our technique of HAL right-sided donor nephrectomy. A key feature of our dissection is wide mobilization of adjacent structures to achieve good exposure of the right kidney and inferior vena cava. In addition, the use of the hand permits optimal positioning of the kidney for division of the renal vessels with the vascular stapler. At the time of division of the renal vein, the stapler is placed on the wall of the inferior vena cava in order to gain maximal length. This technique has allowed HAL right-sided donor nephrectomy to be performed safely when indicated.