肾移植术后新发糖尿病危险因素研究现状

综述肾移植术后新发糖尿病的定义及诊断标准、肾移植术后新发糖尿病发病率和危险因素,为临床医护工作者更好地了解该疾病及预防肾移植术后糖尿病的发生提供参考。     

肾移植术后中远期急性排斥反应临床研究

目的探讨肾移植术后中远期移植肾急性排斥反应(AR)发生影响因素及移植肾生存情况。 方法回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院肾脏病中心2018年1月至2019年12月因血清肌酐水平升高而接受移植肾病理活检并确诊移植肾AR受者临床资料,共纳入43例受者,其中急性抗体排斥反应组17例,急性T细胞排斥反应组26例;同时纳入同期(2周内)肾移植且移植肾功能正常的39例受者为对照组。正态分布计量资料比较采用配对t检验或单因素方差分析。计数资料比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析,并采用log-rank进行比较。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果急性抗体排斥反应组HLA-A错配2个比例(4/17)高于对照组(1/39),差异有统计学意义(P＝0.026)。急性抗体排斥反应组和急性T细胞排斥反应组AR发生时和末次血清肌酐和估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)均高于AR发生前(P均<0.05);急性抗体排斥反应组和急性T细胞排斥反应组AR发生时和末次血清肌酐和eGFR均高于对照组(P均<0.05);急性抗体排斥反应组进入慢性肾脏病(CKD)-4期受者比例低于急性T细胞排斥反应组(χ²＝5.73,P<0.05);急性T细胞排斥反应组进入CKD-4期受者比例以及急性抗体排斥反应组移植肾失功比例均高于对照组(χ²＝17.727和9.882,P均<0.05)。AR发生时急性抗体排斥反应组和急性T细胞排斥反应组受者均接受PRA检测,前者PRA-Ⅰ和PRA-Ⅱ阳性比例分别为41.2%(7/17)和88.2%(15/17),均高于后者[11.5%(3/26)和26.9%(7/26)],差异均有统计学意义(P＝0.042,P<0.001)。急性抗体排斥反应组、急性T细胞排斥反应组及对照组术后分别有13、24和38例受者应用他克莫司。发生AR时,急性抗体排斥反应组他克莫司血药浓度[(3.72±0.76)ng/mL]与急性T细胞排斥反应组[(3.37±0.86)ng/mL]均低于对照组[(5.73±1.25)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);急性抗体排斥反应组与急性T细胞排斥反应组他克莫司血药浓度均低于发生AR前[(6.27±1.18)和(6.33±1.63)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(t＝7.120和6.216,P均<0.05)。急性抗体排斥反应组4例受者应用以环孢素为基础的免疫抑制方案,其中3例术后33、36和55个月环孢素血浓度分别为112.4、138.3和7.0 ng/mL,均低于要求血药浓度。急性T细胞排斥反应组2例应用环孢素受者术后16和177个月环孢素血药浓度分别为43.2和24.6 ng/mL,均低于要求血药浓度。随访至2021年6月30日,急性抗体排斥反应组移植肾生存率低于对照组(χ²＝8.738,P<0.05)。 结论HLA-A位点错配及他克莫司低血药浓度是肾移植术后中远期诱发AR的重要原因。急性抗体介导排斥反应是移植肾生存重要影响因素。     

肾移植术后糖尿病临床分析

目的探讨肾移植术后糖尿病(PTDM)的发病情况及相关因素。方法回顾分析217例肾移植术后患者临床资料。按免疫抑制治疗方案分为两组,组Ⅰ:173例(环孢素A 骁悉 激素);组Ⅱ:44例(他克莫司 骁悉 激素);并比较PTDM与非PTDM患者临床资料。结果PTDM发病率6.9%(15/217),PTDM在组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ中的发病率分别为6.4%(11/173)及9.1%(4/44),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);PTDM患者与同期非PTDM患者相比,在年龄、体重、激素用量及肾功能异常、阳性糖尿病家族史方面有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论环孢素A和他克莫司对肾移植PTDM的作用相近,患者激素用量、体重、年龄、移植肾功能状况及糖尿病阳性家族史是PTDM的易发因素。     

肾移植术后长期应用他克莫司的临床观察

目的　探讨肾移植术后长期应用他克莫司 (FK5 0 6 )的临床疗效和安全性。方法　对肾移植术后符合入选条件的 12 6例服用FK5 0 6和 10 9例服用环孢素A(CsA)的患者进行为期 3年的随访。详细记录了患者的服药剂量、FK5 0 6和CsA谷值浓度 ,观察排斥反应、毒副反应发生率 ,计算人 /肾存活率。结果　FK5 0 6组和CsA组 1、3年人 /肾存活率分别为 :98.4 % / 96 .8%、95 .2 % / 90 .5 %和 97.2 % / 96 .3%、94 .4 % / 89.0 % ;急性排斥反应发生率分别为 :13.5 %和 19.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;慢性排斥反应发生率分别为 :3.2 %和 8.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;糖代谢紊乱发生率分别为 :16 .7%和 9.2 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;神经精神毒性分别为 :14 .3%和 12 .0 % ;肝功能损害分别为 :6 .3%和 10 .1% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肾功能损害分别为 :3.2 %和 8.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;脱发分别为 :5 .6 %和 0 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;感染分别为 :7.1%和 6 .4 %。结论　FK5 0 6长期使用疗效确切 ,毒副反应发生率较低。     

环孢素A短期替代他克莫司对肾移植后新发糖尿病的改善作用

目的 初步探讨环孢素A(CsA)短期替代他克莫司(Tac)对移植后新发糖尿病( NODAT)的改善作用.方法 前瞻性分析19例以Tac为基础免疫抑制剂的NODAT患者的资料.其中7例NODAT诊断明确后将Tac转换为CsA,6个月后再次转换回Tac(转换组);12例诊断为NODAT后继续应用Tac(对照组).结果 转换组空腹血糖(FPG)由人组时的(8.3±3.9)mmol/L降至转换12个月时的(5.6±1.8)mmol/L(P＜0.01),对照组入组时和12个月时的FPG分别为(8.1±3.5) mmol/L和(8.0±3.0)mmol/L(P＞0.05),组间12个月时相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).转换组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)由入组时的(6.8±0.8)％降至12个月时的(6.1±0.4)％(P＜0.05),对照组入组时和12个月时的HbA1c分别为(6.9±0.7)％和(6.8±1.5)％(P＞0.05),两组间12个月时相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访结束时,转换组中4例(57.1％,4/7)NODAT完全缓解,而对照组中无NODAT缓解病例(P＜0.01).转换组血压和血脂水平在转换之后维持稳定.两组间移植物功能以及急性排斥反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组随访结束时移植物和受者存活率均为100％.结论 发生NODAT的肾移植受者将Tac短期(6个月)转换为CsA,可明显改善糖代谢异常.     

国产他克莫司防治肾移植排斥反应的临床研究

目的 观察国产他克莫司防治肾移植排斥反应的有效性及安全性. 方法 采用多中心、开放性的比较研究.同种异体肾移植术后患者80例.均为首次接受肾移植受者,分2组:①研究组:58例,接受国产他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)抗排斥反应治疗.男23例,女35例.年龄(39.1±9.6)岁.②对照组:22例,接受进口他克莫司胶囊(普乐可复)抗排斥反应治疗.男12例,女10例.年龄(41.3±8.5)岁.使用他克莫司(进口或国产)加吗替麦考酚酯加泼尼松三联用药方案,其中进口或国产他克莫司的用药剂量均为0.10～015 mg·kg-1·d-1,最初60 d血药谷浓度维持8～12ng/ml,之后维持5～10 ng/ml,12 h给药1次,直至观察终点(术后3个月).体质量≥70 kg受者吗替麦考酚酯剂量1.5～2.0 g/d,50～69 kg受者1.5 g/d,≤49 kg受者1.0 g/d,分2次121服.泼尼松起始剂量亦按照各中心的常规方案.2组间不同时相点的药物使用剂量以及血药谷浓度值的比较行方差分析;2组急性排斥反应及不良事件发生率比较行秩和检验. 结果 2组供者年龄、性别、供肾冷热缺血时间等比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).研究组2例和对照组3例发生急性排斥反应.研究组和对照组包括高血压、高血脂、高血糖和轻度肝功能异常等的不良事件发生率分别为36.2%(21/58)和36.36%(8/22),2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组移植物和受者存活率均为100%.研究组术后8、12周时药物使用剂量明显低于对照组,分别为(4.83±2.05)和(5.64±1.47)mg、(4.57±1.91)和(5.44±61.43)mg,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组术后各时相点血药谷浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 国产他克莫司胶囊防治同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应有效、安全.     

肾移植术后肝功能损害者应用他克莫司的临床观察

我们选择 10例肾移植术后应用环孢素Ａ(ＣｓＡ)期间发生肝功能异常的患者 ,用他克莫司 (ＦＫ5 0 6 )替换ＣｓＡ ,临床观察 4个月 ,检测血中ＦＫ5 0 6浓度及肝功能 ,并与同期服用ＣｓＡ且肝功能正常的 10例肾移植患者进行比较 ,观察两组免疫抑制的效果及药物的副作用。结果显示ＦＫ5 0 6是一种强效免疫抑制剂 ,肾移植术后应用ＦＫ5 0 6替代ＣｓＡ治疗肝功能损害的患者 ,效果确切 ,副作用小。报道如下。一、临床资料1.患者情况 :2 0例首次肾移植患者中 ,10例服用ＣｓＡ后因出现肝功能损害改用ＦＫ5 0 6的为ＦＫ5 0 6组 ,同期 10例移植后肝功能…     

肝移植术后新发糖尿病危险因素研究进展

肝移植术后新发糖尿病(NODAT)是肝移植术后常见的并发症,因其发病率高、危害大,严重的影响移植物功能和受者生存质量,受到了广大学者的关注。NODAT的危险因素有许多,大致可分为不可调控性危险因素及可调控性危险因素。不可调控性危险因素主要包括年龄、性别、供肝脂肪变性、肝硬化、糖尿病家族史等;可调控性危险因素包括肥胖、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、糖皮质激素、肝炎病毒感染、巨细胞病毒感染及移植前血糖等。笔者结合近年相关研究报道对NODAT的发生机制及危险因素进行综述。     

他克莫司治疗肾移植术后耐激素性排斥反应的临床观察

目的观察用他克莫司(FK506)替换环孢素A(CsA)治疗肾移植术后耐激素性排斥反应的效果.方法26例肾移植患者应用CsA后出现排斥反应,经用甲泼尼龙(MP)0.5g/d×3d冲击治疗效果不佳,改用FK506治疗,FK506的浓度维持在8～12μg/L左右,临床症状减轻,免疫及生化指标逐渐好转,为治疗有效.治疗无效者主要改用单克隆抗CD3抗体(OKT3)治疗.结果本组26例耐激素性排斥经改用FK506后,23例分别在8～15d逆转,肾功能恢复正常,治愈率88.46%(23/26).3例治疗效果不佳,使用血浆置换治疗和OKT35mg/d×5d后排斥逆转.26例肾功能全部恢复正常,但有3例出现高血糖.结论FK506治疗耐激素性排斥反应效果好,副作用小.治疗时应掌握诊断标准,注意监测血糖及生化指标.对于PRA高于30%的患者行血浆置换治疗,加用OKT3冲击治疗,可取得满意的效果.经上述治疗效果不佳者应及早切除移植肾,以保证患者的生命安全.     

他克莫司对肾移植术后新发糖尿病受者过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ表达的影响

目的分析他克莫司能否通过影响肾移植术后受者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPAR-γ)的表达水平,从而参与移植术后新发糖尿病(NODAT)的发生。 方法回顾性分析2011年至2015年温州医科大学附属第一医院行肾移植且术后服用他克莫司的255例受者临床资料。参照2014年美国糖尿病学会发布的NODAT诊断标准,有49例发生NODAT。根据纳入标准,49例发生NODAT受者中有30例被纳入NODAT组;206例未发生NODAT受者中,按照性别、年龄、移植术后时间和糖皮质激素使用剂量与NODAT组受者进行1 ∶1匹配,选择30例受者作为对照组。使用PBMC分离法提取单个核细胞,采用TRIzol一步法裂解细胞并提取总mRNA,反转录和定量PCR扩增PPAR-γ。采用配对t检验比较两组受者年龄、体质指数、高密度脂蛋白、血清肌酐、他克莫司血药浓度和全血PPAR-γ相对表达量。采用卡方检验比较不同性别受者NODAT发生比例。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果肾移植受者NODAT发生率为19.2%(49/255),其中女性肾移植受者发生比例为9.2%(7/76),男性为23.5%(42/179),差异有统计学意义(χ²＝6.094,P<0.05)。NODAT组30例受者使用降糖药物或胰岛素控制血糖,平均空腹血糖为(5.2±0.8)mmoL/L。两组受者年龄、体质指数、HDL、血清肌酐及他克莫司血药浓度差异均无统计学意义(t＝1.50、2.03、0.78、0.72和－0.67,P均>0.05)。两组免疫抑制方案均为他克莫司＋吗替麦考酚酯＋糖皮质激素。术后随访半年期间,NODAT组和对照组受者应用糖皮质激素分别为(5.0±1.7)、(5.0±1.4)mg/d,差异无统计学意义(t＝0.00,P>0.05)。NODAT组和对照组受者全血PPAR-γ相对表达量分别为(0.37±0.04)、(0.49±0.04),差异有统计学意义(t＝2.064,P<0.05)。 结论他克莫司可能通过下调肾移植术后受者PBMC中PPAR-γ的表达水平,从而参与NODAT的发生。     

Hepatitis C infection increases the risk of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in liver allograft recipients

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) adversely affects orthotopic liver transplant (OLTX) patient and graft survival. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of hepatitis C infection on the natural history of NODAT. METHODS: A retrospective review of 492 OLTX recipients at a single center was conducted from January 1993 to January 2003. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months (range 12 months-10 years). The study population consisted of 444 OLTX recipients who were either HCV positive (n = 206) or HCV negative (n = 238). NODAT was defined by the need for antidiabetic medication for at least 7 days starting anytime after OLTX. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Student t test, Kaplan-Meier survival, and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The overall incidence of NODAT was 33% (146/444). There was a significant difference in the development of NODAT between the HCV-positive group (82/206, 40%) and the HCV-negative group (64/238, 27%) (P < .001). Other independent risk factors for development of NODAT were male gender and age >50 years. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C infection contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus in OLTX recipients. The mechanisms behind HCV infection and associated NODAT in HCV-positive OLTX recipients warrant further investigation.     

心脏移植术后患者新发糖尿病危险因素的Meta分析

目的 系统评价心脏移植术后患者新发糖尿病的危险因素,为临床防治心脏移植术后新发糖尿病提供依据.方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普数据库,检索时间均为建库至2020年9月,收集心脏移植术后新发糖尿病危险因素的观察性研究.由2名研究者提取资料并进行偏倚风险评价,用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入14项研究9808例研究对象,心脏移植术后新发糖尿病总发病率为20.22％(1983/9808).Meta分析结果显示,不可干预的危险因素有年龄、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.21、2.15,均P<0.01);可干预的危险因素有体重指数、术前空腹血糖、使用他克莫司、使用类固醇、冷缺血时间(OR=1.08～5.13,P≤0.01).结论 心脏移植术后新发糖尿病受较多因素影响,医护人员应识别其危险因素,采取针对性干预措施,提高治疗效果与移植成功率.     

Rosiglitazone is a safe and effective treatment option of new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone in patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-two patients with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive rosiglitazone therapy. All patients received prednisone, 15 patients were treated with tacrolimus and seven patients received cyclosporine A. For 16 of the 22 patients treatment with rosiglitazone therapy was successful and mean fasting blood glucose decreased from 182 +/- 17 to 127 +/- 7 mg/dl. Six patients were not treated successfully with rosiglitazone alone, one patient needed a second oral antidiabetic agent and four patients insulin therapy. In one patient rosiglitazone was stopped because of edema after 5 days. There were no changes either in serum creatinine concentrations, or cyclosporine and tacrolimus blood levels respectively. Treatment with rosiglitazone appears to be safe and effective in patients with NODM after renal transplantation.     

The burden of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation

The clinical impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) is frequently underestimated by clinicians. NODM occurs in approximately 15-20% of renal transplant patients and 15% of liver transplant recipients. Diabetes after transplantation is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events, with a higher prognostic value than in the non-transplant population. NODM also appears to have a negative influence on graft function, and graft survival rates after renal transplantation are significantly lower in patients who develop diabetes than in controls. Patient mortality following renal transplantation is generally found to be higher in patients with NODM, due to increased cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease, accelerated graft deterioration and diabetes-related complications, notably infection. A renal registry analysis has reported an increase of 87% in risk of death following onset of NODM. There is also limited evidence that NODM is associated with increased risk of death in liver transplant patients. The relative incidence and severity of diabetic complications in transplant recipients have not been assessed rigorously in a clinical trial but registry data indicate that 20% of renal transplant patients with NODM experience at least one clinically significant diabetic complication within three years. Financially, the additional healthcare costs incurred over the first two years following onset of NODM amount to 21,500 dollars. Routine pre-transplant assessment of diabetic risk, with requisite modification of lifestyle, glycaemic monitoring and immunosuppressive regimens, and coupled with standardized, aggressive hypoglycaemic management as necessary, offers an important opportunity to alleviate the burden of NODM for transplant patients.     

公民逝世后器官捐献供肾肾移植术后肺部感染风险因素分析

目的  探讨公民逝世后器官捐献供肾肾移植术后受者发生肺部感染的影响因素。 方法  回顾性分析中南大学湘雅三医院器官移植中心自2010年4月至2014年12月公民逝世后器官捐献供肾肾移植125例供者与210例受者的临床资料。根据移植术后有否发生肺部感染将受者分为肺部感染组(37例)和无肺部感染组(173例)。了解肺部感染受者的一般情况和预后。对供者因素(性别、年龄、维持治疗时间、感染史)、受者因素[性别、年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病史,术前血红蛋白、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、白蛋白、血清肌酐等水平,术后有否急性排斥反应、有否使用生物制剂、有否预防性应用更昔洛韦及复方磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)]进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,找出肺部感染的独立危险因素。 结果与结论  37例肺部感染患者中,8例发展为重症肺部感染死亡。公民逝世后器官捐献供肾肾移植术后受者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素包括供体维持治疗时间、有感染史,受体吸烟史、糖尿病史、无预防性应用更昔洛韦或SMZ。     

Relative risk of new-onset diabetes during the first year after renal transplantation in patients receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine immunosuppression

Clinical trials have consistently shown a higher incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus with tacrolimus than cyclosporine. However, in protocol-driven studies steroid doses are comparable in both treatment arms, while in clinical practice steroid dose used in conjunction with tacrolimus or cyclosporine may differ. This retrospective study analysed renal transplant recipients without pre-existing diabetes receiving tacrolimus (n = 100) or cyclosporine (n = 100) for whom one-year follow-up data were available. Diabetes was defined as use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents; fasting glucose >6.9 mmol/L; or non-fasting glucose >11 mmol/L on three consecutive occasions. Tacrolimus-treated patients were significantly older than cyclosporine-treated patients (49 +/- 14 vs. 44 +/- 13 yr, p < 0.05) and received a significantly lower cumulative dose of corticosteroids over the first three months post-transplant (1284 +/- 379 vs. 1714 +/- 486 mg, p < 0.0001). At 3, 6, 9 and 12 months significantly more tacrolimus-treated patients had new-onset diabetes than cyclosporine- treated patients. At 12 months, 18 patients receiving tacrolimus and two receiving cyclosporine had diabetes (p < 0.0001). There was a clear relationship between age and incidence of new-onset diabetes at three months in the tacrolimus cohort. After stratifying patients by age group, the frequency of diabetes was significantly higher with tacrolimus than with cyclosporine in patients aged 40-60 yr [8/46 (17.4%) vs. 2/48 (4.2%), p < 0.05] and >60 yr [9/28 (32.1%) vs. 0/14 (0%), p < 0.05]. The mean tacrolimus trough level during the first three months was similar in patients with diabetes (13.1 +/- 2.3 ng/mL) or without diabetes (13.0 +/- 2.8 ng/mL, n.s.). These results indicate that new-onset diabetes is strongly and significantly associated with tacrolimus vs. cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients, even when steroid dosing is lower with tacrolimus.     

Renal resistive index as a new independent risk factor for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation

Pulse pressure and urinary albumin excretion were recently identified as risk factors of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation (NODAT), suggesting that microvascular injury may be implicated in NODAT. However, the relationship between of microvascular injury and NODAT is unknown. In the present long-term (median follow-up: 5.7years; observation period: 4908 patient-years) retrospective study in 656 renal transplant recipients, the association between baseline renal resistance index (RI, used as a marker of widespread microvascular damage) and the incidence of NODAT was assessed. The incidence of NODAT was 11.2% and 14.6% at 5 and 10years, respectively, after transplantation. RI at 3months was a risk factor for NODAT [hazard ratio (HR) per 0.1: 2.19 (1.55-3.09), P<0.0001]. RI >0.75 (vs. 0≤0.75) was a potent a predictor of NODAT [HR: 3.29 (1.91-5.67), P<0.0001], even after adjustments [HR: 3.29 (1.50-7.24), P=0.0030] on age, weight, glucose, nephropathy, and arterial pressure. Similar results were observed when RI was measured at 1month [HR per 0.1:1.74 (1.33-2.27), P<0.0001] and 12months [HR per 0.1:1.74 (1.33-2.27), P<0.0001] after transplantation. High RI early after renal transplantation is a long-term risk factor for NODAT, and could be used to refine the individual risk of NODAT.     

影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病逆转的相关因素

目的 探讨影响肝移植术后新发糖尿病(PTDM)逆转的相关因素.方法 回顾分析232例肝移植受者的临床资料,术后共有62例患者发生PTDM,发生率为26.7%.根据PTDM是否发生逆转,将62例患者分为暂时性PTDM组(34例)和持续性PTDM组(28例).对两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、糖尿病家族史、乙型肝炎病毒感染情况、术前空腹血糖水平、免疫抑制剂使用及其血药浓度、皮质激素的使用时间等相关因素进行分析.结果 两组间患者的性别、体重指数、糖尿病家族史、术前空腹血糖水平、免疫抑制方案中皮质激素的持续使用时间、术后血他克莫司浓度及使用环孢素A的患者比例等因素的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与持续性PTDM组相比,暂时性PTDM组患者移植时年龄较轻,分别为(54±8)岁和(42±6)岁(P＜0.05);发生PTDM的术后时间较晚,分别为术后(18±23)d和(35±42)d(P＜0.05);免疫抑制方案中联合运用吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)或西罗莫司(SRL)的患者比例较高,分别为0和8.9%(P＜0.05).经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,只有移植时年龄是PTDM逆转的独立预测因子(比值比为1.312,95%可信区间为1.005～1.743).结论 患者移植时年龄、发生PTDM时的术后时间及免疫抑制方案中使用MMF或SRL的患者比例等因素与肝移植术后PTDM逆转相关,但只有移植时年龄是PTDM逆转的独立预测因子.

Abstract：

Objective To study the related factors associated with the reversal of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 62patients with PTDM in 232 patients receiving liver transplantation (26. 7 %) were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were divided into two groups: patients with transient PTDM (34 cases) and those with persistent PTDM (28 cases). Pre-operative and post-operative variables, including sex,age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose, the immunosuppressant regime, FK506 concentration and duration of steroid usage, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The variables, including sex, age, body mass index,family history of diabetes, hepatitis B virus infection, pretransplantation fasting plasma glucose,FK506 concentration at month 1, 3 and 6 after operation, rate of cyclosporine usage and duration of steroid usage had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0. 05). Compared with the persistent PTDM patients, the transient PTDM patients were characterized by younger age at the time of transplantation (54 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 6 years, P＜0. 05), longer time before the development of PTDM (18 ± 23 vs. 35 ± 42 days, P＜0. 05), and higher rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage (0vs. 8. 9 %, P＜0. 05). Based on a multivariate analysis, age at the time of transplantation was determined as the single independent predictive factor associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation (odds ratio: 1. 312, 95 % confidence interval: 1. 005 - 1. 743). Conclusion Age at the time of transplantation, duration before the development of PTDM and rate of mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus usage are associated with reversal of PTDM following liver transplantation. Among these factors, age at the time of transplantation is only the single independent predictive factor.