七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对压力反射敏感性比较的观察

临床观察发现七氟醚对病人血液动力学的影响与异氟醚相似 ,但七氟醚麻醉组病人的心率慢于异氟醚麻醉组。我们试验用升高和降低血压来干涉压力感受器 ,比较七氟醚 氧化亚氮和异氟醚 氧化亚氮全麻中手术患者压力感受器的功能 ,推测自主神经在两者心率变化差异中的作用。资料和方法选择 32例全麻手术病人 ,年龄 30～ 46岁 ,体重 45～ 6 7ｋｇ ,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,无高血压及其它心血管系统并发症。征得病人同意随机分为七氟醚组 (Ｓ组 16例 )和异氟醚组 (Ⅰ组 16例 )。全麻诱导用芬太尼 0 1ｍｇ、硫喷妥钠 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ、琥珀酰胆碱 1 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ …     

腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹部手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法全麻下行开腹手术患者40例,随机分为2组（n=20）：七氟醚组（S组）及异氟醚组（Ⅰ组）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min,30min后调整为1 L/min。手术开始前,调整吸入麻醉药的呼气末浓度为1.0 MAC。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,间断静脉注射罗库溴铵和芬太尼,维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。缝皮结束时,停止吸入七氟醚或异氟醚,纯氧流量调整为5 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、拔除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拔除气管导管的时间）、Aldrete评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）及麻醉后恢复室（PACU）停留时间。记录吸入麻醉药用量。结果与Ⅰ组比较,S组睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间、Aldrete评分达到9分时间及PACU停留时间缩短（P〈0.05）,吸入麻醉药的总用量和单位时间用量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

小儿七氟醚和异氟醚快速吸入诱导的比较

目的:比较小儿使用高浓度七氟醚和异氟醚加氧化亚氮快速吸入诱导的区别。方法:38例4～11岁,未使用术前药小儿随机分为二组,七氟醚组(n=20),吸入5％七氟醚,60％氧化亚氮;异氟醚组(n=18)吸入3.5％异氟醚,60％氧化亚氮。观察两组小儿采用快速吸入诱导方法时,睫毛反射和疼痛反应消失时间,以及药物的刺激性和诱导平稳程度的区别;同时观察两种方法对小儿循环功能的影响。结果:七氟醚组的诱导效果较为满意,其睫毛反射时间,疼痛反应消失时间均明显快于异氟醚组,分别为63.45±16.27(秒),189.40±28.70(秒)和75.82±22.60(秒),231.62±77.74(秒)(P<0.01);异氟醚对气道的刺激性较大,小儿吸入时躲闪,咳嗽,喉痉挛,兴奋以及分泌物增加的发生率明显高于七氟醚组;两组吸入诱导对小儿的血压无明显的影响。结论:小儿使用高浓度七氟醚吸入诱导是较为理想的麻醉诱导方法之一,与异氟醚比较,其吸入诱导平稳,对气道的刺激性较小,诱导时间明显缩短。     

小儿全麻诱导吸入七氟醚和异氟醚的临床观察

七氟醚是近年来用于临床的新型吸入麻醉药,具有血气分配系数低、吸收和恢复快及刺激性小等优点。本研究对小儿使用七氟醚吸入诱导并与异氟醚吸入诱导进行比较。资料与方法一般资料择期行扁桃体切除术患儿76例,年龄1～13岁,ASAⅠ级,随机分为七氟醚组和异氟醚组。七氟醚组40例,男14例,女26例,年龄(6.3±2.2)岁,体重(20.8±7.4)kg。异氟醚组36例,男12例,女24例,年龄(7.0±2.6)岁,体重(23.6±8.7)kg。麻醉方法所有患儿均不使用术前药,常规禁食6～8h。使用德国Drager公司Fabius Aeomed Vaporizer Vp300定量挥发器提供的七氟醚(凯特力,江苏恒…     

异氟醚、七氟醚吸入麻醉对鼠骨骼肌微循环白细胞活动的影响

目的 探讨异氟醚、七氟醚吸入麻醉对鼠骨骼肌微循环白细胞活动的影响。方法 选择SD雄性大鼠20只,随机分为两组,制备提睾肌微循环模型。吸入异氟醚、七氟醚麻醉后,分别记录吸入异氟醚、七氟醚1．5MAC3h内微循环、小动脉A1的直径和血流速度,微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞滚动和粘附数量。结果 吸入异氟醚、七氟醚1．5MAC3h内HR,MAP,CVP和A1的直径和血流速度无明显改变（P＞0．05）。微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞流动和粘附数量显著增加（P＜0．01）。结论 长时间吸入异氟醚、七氟醚后,可引起大鼠骨骼肌微循环毛细血管后微静脉的白细胞滚动和粘附数量显著增加。     

异氟醚和七氟醚麻醉对患者心率变异性的影响

目的研究异氟醚和七氟醚麻醉对患者心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法60例择期颅脑手术患者,用动态心电图仪记录麻醉诱导前、插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1、2 h和4 h的HRV。结果ISO1组(异氟醚,年龄<60岁)和ISO2组(异氟醚,年龄≥60岁)插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1、2 h的低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)值均显著低于麻醉诱导前(P<0.05)。SEV1组(七氟醚,年龄<60岁)和SEV2组(七氟醚,年龄≥60岁)的LF、HF值在插管后10 min、停药时、停药后1 h均显著低于麻醉诱导前(P<0.05)。ISO组插管后各时点的LF、HF值均显著低于SEV组(P<0.05)。结论异氟醚对患者的交感神经和迷走神经都有明显的抑制作用,而对于交感神经和副交感神经活性的均衡性没有显著的影响。异氟醚对于交感神经和迷走神经的抑制作用比七氟醚更为明显。     

低浓度七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响

目的 研究低流量七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响.方法 40例1～5岁小儿随机分为七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(I组),每组20例.分别测量呼气末麻醉药浓度为0MAC(T0)、0.5MAC(T1)、1.0MAC(T2)和1.5MAC(T3)稳定5 min后的每搏指数(SI)、心脏指数(CI)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、HR及MAP.结果 与T0时比较,T1时两组MAP和SVR均有降低(P<0.05),其他指标均无明显变化.T2时,SVR和MAP进一步降低,HR略增快和SI略升高,但两组间差异无统计学意义,S组Cl值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).T3时,S组的HR显著快于Ⅰ组,而SI下降与T0近似;SVR和MAP两组无进一步降低.结论 低浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉对小儿心肌无明显抑制,仅降低MAP和SVR,七氟醚增快HR作用大于异氟醚.     

比较七氟醚、异氟醚和安氟醚对颅内压的影响

目的：为了观察七氟醚对颅内压的影响。方法：选择２４例颅内肿胶病人,测定七氟醚麻醉的时颅内压变化并与异氟醚和安氟醚进行比较。术前用药、麻醉诱导及维持的静脉用药相同。于Ｌ３－４穿刺蛛网膜睛腔测脑脊液压（代表颅内压,ＩＣＰ）。依吸入药不同随机分为七的氟醚（Ｓ）组,异氟醚（１）组和安氟醚（Ｅ）组,监测ＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＥＣＧ、ＳｐＯ２、ＰＥＴ、ＣＯ２和ＭＡＣ,调整ＶＴ和ＲＲａＣＯ２维持在４～４．６６ＫＰＡ。三     

七氟醚及异氟醚在碱石灰中稳定性的观察

为分析七氟醚和异氟醚在碱石灰中的化学稳定性。作者观察了不同条件下七氟醚、异氟醚被碱石灰的吸收和分解产物,报告如下。实验方法反应物及反应条件 140ml容积玻璃瓶15只,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组(为A、B、C、D、E瓶)5只,分别装入上海五四化学试剂厂生产的碱石灰20g及脱脂棉球一个,Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组各瓶内喷入蒸馏水1.2ml,用覆有多层尼龙薄膜的胶塞密封抽去瓶中空气,分别注入液态异氟醚5ml。     

七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者肝切除术后肝功能的影响

目的 比较七氟醚和异氟醚对肝硬化患者行肝切除术后肝功能变化的影响.方法 将40名年龄为40～70岁的肝硬化(Child-Pugh A级),择期行肝癌肝叶切除术的患者随机分为七氟醚组和异氟醚组.两组患者均以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg体重、舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg体重、哌库溴铵1mg/kg体重诱导,分别予七氟醚或异氟醚辅以舒芬太尼维持麻醉.分别于术前、术后1、3、7d抽取非输液侧上肢静脉血测谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、胆碱酯酶、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间和血小板计数.结果 两组患者血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶较术前明显升高,术后3d达峰,且其增高值在异氟醚组明显高于七氟醚组;术后无患者出现肝衰竭或肝损伤的临床表现.结论 在肝硬化患者的麻醉中,异氟醚对肝功能的影响可能强于七氟醚.     

七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞对肝脏切除术后肝肾功能的影响

目的探讨低流量七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在相同脑电双频指数下三种麻醉方法对术后肝肾功能的影响。方法选择45例ASAI或II级,肝脏右叶部分切除病人,随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)、异氟醚组(I组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组病人均复合硬膜外阻滞。三组病人分别吸入七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)维持麻醉,维持BIS50±5。记录术前、术后第1、3、5天肝脏功能、肾脏功能指标。结果三组病人术后第1、3、5天肝脏酶显著增高,在术后第1天达到高峰,总胆红素术后第3天达高峰,白蛋白术后第1天显著降低,术后第3天和第5天与术前比较差异无统计学意义。三组病人均无肝功能衰竭。术后肾脏功能指标肌酐、尿素氮组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论应用全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞进行肝脏部分切除手术,七氟醚、异氟醚或丙泊酚对肝脏术后肝功能改变无明显区别,术后肾脏功能无明显变化。     

静吸复合麻醉下七氟醚与异氟醚对颅内压的影响

目的:在颅内顺应性正常神经外科病人,观察1.0 MAC七氟醚与异氟醚对颅内压的影响。方法:垂体瘤或颅咽管瘤手术病人16例,随机分为两组:A组为咪唑安定 芬太尼 1.0 MAC异氟醚;B组为咪唑安定 芬太尼 1.0 MAC七氟醚。选择L_(3～4)行蛛网膜下腔穿刺。麻醉诱导采用芬太尼-咪唑安定-阿曲库铵。插管后维持稳定30分开始吸入七氟醚(或异氟醚)。分别于麻醉前、吸入麻醉药前、达预定呼气末浓度30分内观察监测指标。结果:1.0 MAC七氟醚和异氟醚均可显著降低脑灌注压,异氟醚作用较强。吸入1.0 MAC七氟醚后颅内压首先呈显著性下降,15分后回复至基础水平。吸入1.0 MAC异氟醚后颅内压无显著性变化。结论:在颅内顺应性正常患者,1.0 MAC七氟醚和异氟醚均可安全用于神经外科麻醉。     

The comparative cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane with halothane and isoflurane

Using closed chest dogs, the cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane were compared with those of halothane and isoflurane in equipotent doses of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 MAC. They were evaluated by the changes of arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (LV dp/dt), cardiac output and coronary sinus blood flow. The suppression of left cardiac function by sevoflurane was less than that of halothane, but was greater than that of isoflurane. Heart rate, systemic vascular resistance with sevoflurane were slightly lower than that of isoflurance. The coronary sinus blood flows with sevoflurane and isoflurane were significantly (P < 0.05 at 1.0 MAC, P < 0.005 at 2.0 MAC) higher than halothane. There was no significant difference on coronary sinus flow between sevoflurane and isoflurane. The depth of anesthesia could be quickly changed by adjustment of inspired sevoflurane concentration in comparison with the other two anesthetics.(Kazama T, Ikeda K: The comparative cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane with halothane and isoflurane. J Anesth 2: 63–68, 1988)     

七氟醚与异氟醚苏醒期熵指数和听觉诱发电位指数的相关性

目的观察七氟醚和异氟醚苏醒期熵指数(RE和SE)与听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)的变化和相关性。方法择期行腹腔镜下胆囊或子宫附件切除术患者30例,随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(I组),分别持续吸入2%～3%七氟醚和异氟醚维持麻醉。吸入麻醉药停止后,20min内每隔1分钟记录RE、SE与AAI,并分析其相关性。结果苏醒期RE、SE与AAI均呈逐渐上升趋势,Ⅰ组相关系数分别为0.89和0.91(P<0.05);S组相关系数分别为0.93和0.91(P<0.05)。结论熵指数和AAI均能反映七氟醚和异氟醚苏醒期麻醉深度的变化,两者相关性良好。     

Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural block on renal function in the elderly: comparison with isoflurane

Purpose. Renal function declines with age, but little is known about the renal effects of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane in the elderly. We therefore compared the renal effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods. Thirteen patients aged ≥70 years undergoing gastrectomy with epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (n = 7) or isoflurane (n = 6). Dopamine (3–5 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) was administered to all patients. Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after anesthesia. Serum and urinary inorganic fluoride was measured, and renal function tests were performed. Results. Serum inorganic fluoride was significantly elevated in both groups. The production of inorganic fluoride was significantly greater in the sevoflurane group, but the level did not exceed 50 μmol·l⁻¹ in any patient. No abnormalities were observed in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, or urine volume in either group. The albumin excretion index increased during anesthesia and decreased after anesthesia in both groups. Creatinine clearance was unchanged in the sevoflurane group but fluctuated during and after anesthesia in the isoflurane group. α₁-Microglobulin (MG), β₂-MG, and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion increased up to 3 h after anesthesia, and α₁-MG and β₂-MG excretion increased on postanesthesia day 3. Conclusion. In both groups, glomerular and tubular function were transiently affected, but no abnormalities were found in routine laboratory tests, suggesting that neither isoflurane nor sevoflurane in combination with dopamine and epidural anesthesia seriously affects renal function in the elderly. Received for publication on October 23, 1998; accepted on October 27, 1999     

Comparison of the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on the maternal-fetal unit in sheep

Purpose  The aim of this study was to determine the hemodynamic and blood gas effects of inhalational anesthetics on the maternal-fetal sheep unit. The principal hypothesis, tested in chronically instrumented near-term pregnant ewes, was that sevoflurane anesthesia may be safe and useful for the mother and fetus during pregnancy, compared with isoflurane. Methods  Six chronically instrumented pregnant and 3 nonpregnant ewes were tested repeatedly to establish the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for sevoflurane and isoflurane to be used in the hemodynamic and blood gas studies. Progressively increasing concentrations of sevoflurane or isoflurane in oxygen were administered to 12 pregnant ewes. Uterine blood flow, maternal and fetal heart rates, blood pressure, arterial blood gases, and intra-amniotic pressure were subsequently measured. Results  The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.52 ± 0.1 15% and 1.92 ± 0.17% in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes, respectively; while the MAC of isoflurane in the pregnant and nonpregnant sheep was 1.02 ± 0.12% and 1.42 ± 0.19%, respectively. In both the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups, changes in maternal and fetal blood gases were minimal during exposure to low-dose (0.5–1.0 MAC) inhaled concentrations. Although uterine blood flow was maintained and the fetus remained well oxygenated at higher concentrations of both agents (2.0 MAC of either agent), the agents produced decreases in maternal and fetal arterial pressure. Conclusion  A “low-dose” concentration (0.5–1.0 MAC) of sevoflurane may be safe and useful for both mother and fetus during near-term pregnancy. However, a high concentration (1.5–2.0 MAC) of sevoflurane or isoflurane may induce hemodynamic instability in the mother and fetus when administered.     

传统尸体供肾与心脏死亡器官捐献供肾肾移植效果的比较

比较心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供肾与传统尸体供肾肾移植的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年2月在郑州人民医院实施肾移植的70例患者的临床资料.根据供肾来源分为DCD供肾组(DCD组,22例)和传统尸体供肾组(传统组,48例).患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定.比较两组患者术后7、14、28 d肾功能指标血尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酐(Scr)水平差异.比较两组患者术后1个月内并发症发生情况及预后情况.结果 DCD组术后7、14 d的BUN和Scr水平均明显高于传统组(均为P<0.01);DCD组术后28 d的Scr水平亦明显高于传统组(P<0.05),两组BUN水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与传统组比较,DCD组的移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)、急性排斥反应(AR)、感染、移植肾切除的发生率及死亡率明显增高,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.01).结论 DCD供肾肾移植术后早期肾功能恢复情况不如传统尸体供肾,且围手术期内各种并发症的发生率及死亡率也明显高于传统尸体供肾肾移植.