遭受多重侵害高职高专女生静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的:探讨遭受多重侵害的高职高专女生静息态脑功能磁共振特点。方法:15名遭受多重侵害无创伤后应激症状被试(PV无PTSS组)、15名多重侵害有创伤后应激症状被试(PV有PTSS组)和15名正常对照接受静息态脑功能扫描。采用SPM8和静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包分别进行数据预处理和ReHo分析。结果:静息状态下,与对照组相比,PV无PTSS组左侧额下回、左右额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧梭状回、左右海马旁回、右侧扣带回、左右豆状核和右侧岛叶的ReHo值降低;左右额上回、左右额中回、左右额下回、左右顶下小叶、左右楔前叶、左右颞上回、左侧颞横回、左右颞中回、右侧舌回和右侧扣带后回的ReHo值升高。与PV有PTSS组相比,PV无PTSS组在右侧额中回和额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回、左右海马旁回、左侧扣带回和左侧豆状核ReHo值降低;在左右额上回、左右额中回、左侧额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、左右顶下小叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核ReHo值升高。结论:遭受多重侵害但无创伤后应激症状的高职高专女生在静息状态下脑默认网络以及岛叶、基底神经节、海马旁回存在局部一致性信号异常,这些脑区异常可能为遭受多重侵害导致精神障碍的发病机制提供重要线索。     

Neural sources involved in auditory target detection and novelty processing: an event-related fMRI study

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) techniques to examine the cerebral sites involved with target detection and novelty processing of auditory stimuli. Consistent with the results from a recent erfMRI study in the visual modality, target processing was associated with activation bilaterally in the anterior superior temporal gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, anterior and posterior cingulate, thalamus, caudate, and the amygdala/hippocampal complex. Analyses of the novel stimuli revealed activation bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus, insula, inferior parietal lobule, and in the inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyri. These data suggest that the scalp recorded event-related potentials (e.g., N2 and P3) elicited during similar tasks reflect an ensemble of neural generators located in spatially remote cortical areas.     

静息态脑功能技术对平衡针治疗中枢机制的分析应用

背景：平衡针治疗疾病疗效显著,但缺乏相关现代科学理论机制。 目的：利用静息态脑功能成像技术探讨平衡针疗法的中枢作用机制。 方法：纳入10例腰椎间盘突出腰腿痛患者及10例正常受试者,于平衡针针刺前后进行功能磁共振扫描,通过AFNI软件对与双侧杏仁核表现为显著联系的脑区进行功能连接分析,并对平衡针刺后腰椎间盘突出患者及正常受试者的脑功能连接的差异进行探讨。 结果与结论：经平衡针治疗后10例腰椎间盘突出患者疼痛均有好转。脑功能连接分析显示腰椎间盘突出患者丘脑、脑干、腹前核、腹外侧核、额内侧回、额上回、额叶眶上回、额下回、颞上回、颞中回、海马回、扣带回、岛叶等脑区功能连接增强。正常受试者双侧颞中回、双侧眶上回、双侧尾状核头、双侧岛叶、左侧腹背侧核、双侧额上回、左侧额中回、前扣带回、右侧顶下小叶与杏仁核连接增强;双侧小脑齿状核、小脑蚓、左侧小脑坡、双侧舌回、左侧枕中回、右侧额上回、右侧中央前回、双侧顶下小叶、右侧顶上小叶、右侧中央后回与杏仁核连接下降。提示通过静息脑功能成像技术对杏仁核的研究有助于更深入理解平衡针灸治疗腰腿痛的中枢机制。     

Reduced activation to implicit affect induction in euthymic bipolar patients: an fMRI study

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether euthymic bipolar patients engage similar or contrasting brain regions as healthy subjects when responding to implicit affect induction. METHODS: The study examined 10 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder, and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects engaged in a modified word-based memory task designed to implicitly evoke negative, positive or no affective change. The activation paradigm involved nominating whether a target word was contained within a previously presented word list using specified response keys. RESULTS: The fMRI task produced significantly greater activation in healthy subjects as compared to patients in response to both negative and positive affect in the anterior and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal cortex, middle frontal and right parahippocampal gyri. Only negative affect produced significantly greater activation in the postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, thalamus and putamen and only positive affect achieved the same in the precentral, superior temporal and lingual gyri, precuneus, cuneus, caudate, pons, midbrain and cerebellum. There were no brain regions in which responses were greater in patients as compared to healthy subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to speed or accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished prefrontal, cingulate, limbic and subcortical neural activity in euthymic bipolar patients as compared to healthy subjects is suggestive of emotional compromise that is independent of cognitive and executive functioning. This finding is of clinical importance and has implications both for the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. Future studies should aim to replicate these findings and examine the development of bipolar disorder, investigating in particular the effects of medication.     

基于ReHo方法的大学生网络成瘾静息功能磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨网络成瘾大学生静息状态脑功能特点。方法:采用ReHo分析方法 ,19名网络成瘾大学生及19名对照进行磁共振脑功能成像,比较两组平均脑ReHo图的差异。结果:IAD组ReHo值升高区域主要集中在小脑、脑干、扣带回(右侧)、双侧海马旁回、右侧额叶(直回,额中回及额下回)、左侧额上回、左侧楔前叶、右侧中央后回、右侧枕中回、右侧颞下回、左侧颞上回及颞中回;ReHo降低的区域仅表现在左侧顶叶的楔前叶。结论:网络成瘾大学生局域一致性存在异常,大部分脑区同步性增强,小脑、脑干、边缘叶、额顶叶同步性增强可能与网络成瘾奖赏通路有关。     

Acupoint-specific fMRI patterns in human brain

Specific central nervous system (CNS) responses to acupuncture have recently attracted attention. It is important to understand the differences in fMRI images of the brain evoked by acupuncture at an acupoint and at a nearby "sham" point. Here, we report analyses of fMRI images of the brains of 37 healthy volunteers in response to acupuncture at Liv3 (Taichong) and LI4 (Hegu) versus their sham points. We found common activation areas in response to Liv3 or LI4 acupuncture in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellum, along with deactivation areas in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, compared with the effects of acupuncture at sham points. Acupuncture at Liv3 evoked specific activation at the postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, BA 7, 19 and 41, but deactivation at the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, BA 17 and 18, compared with acupuncture at its sham point. Acupuncture at LI4 evoked specific activation at the temporal pole, but deactivation at the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, pulvinar and BA 8, 9 and 45, compared with acupuncture at its sham point. These observations reveal that acupuncture at acupoints induces specific patterns of brain activity, and these patterns may relate to the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.     

Combining electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of the auditory oddball

The neural mechanisms of deviancy and target detection were investigated by combining high density event-related potential (ERP) recordings with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ERP and fMRI responses were recorded using the same paradigm and the same subjects. Unattended deviants elicited a mismatch negativity (MMN) in the ERP. In the fMRI data, activations of transverse/superior temporal gyri bilateral were found. Attended deviants generated an MMN followed by an N2/P3b complex. For this condition, fMRI activations in both superior temporal gyri and the neostriatum were found. These activations were taken as neuroanatomical constraints for the localization of equivalent current dipoles. Inverse solutions for dipole orientation provide evidence for significant activation close to Heschl's gyri during deviancy processing in the 110-160-ms time interval (MMN), whereas target detection could be modeled by two dipoles in the superior temporal gyrus between 320 and 380 ms.     

成人大脑皮质老化形态学改变的MRI研究

目的 探讨成人大脑正常衰老过程中大脑皮质体积、厚度及表面积改变的区域性差异及侧化差异MRI的表现。方法 采用前瞻性研究。2017年9月—2018年1月山东省立医院影像科及寿光市人民医院CT磁共振室招募18~85岁右利手汉族健康成年志愿者109人,其中男性56人、女性53人,年龄(53.13±15.61)岁,均行3.0 T MRI颅脑扫描原始数据。使用FreeSurfer脑成像软件分析,获取左右大脑半球、各脑叶的感兴趣区脑皮质的体积、厚度及表面积的具体数值并进行标准化处理,分析其与年龄的相关关系,以及大脑皮质老化的区域性差异及侧化差异。结果 线性回归分析显示,大脑皮质体积、厚度及表面积随年龄增长而下降(P＜0.01),表现出与年龄相关的皮质体积减少较多的区域为海马旁回、额下回岛盖部、额中回、额下回三角部、舌回、颞中回(最大为-0.653%/岁,P＜0.01),皮质厚度减少较多的区域主要在颞上回、后扣带回、额中回、外眶额回、顶下缘角回、颞极、海马旁回(最大-0.009 mm/岁,P<0.01),皮质表面积减少较多的区域主要是在海马旁回、舌回、颞下回、额中回、额下回岛盖部(最大-0.402%/岁,P＜ 0.01)。大脑左右半球皮质体积年龄效应不对称的区域为额上回、额下回岛盖部及三角部、中眶额回、额极、顶下缘角回、缘上回、梭状回、颞极、海马旁回、前扣带回、内嗅皮层(P＜0.05),皮质厚度年龄效应不对称的区域为额上回、额下回岛盖部、中眶额回、楔叶、颞下回、颞极、前扣带回、后扣带回(P＜0.05),皮质表面积年龄效应不对称的区域为额上回、额中回、额下回岛盖部及三角部、中眶额回、额极、顶下缘角回、缘上回、梭状回、颞极、海马旁回、前扣带回、后扣带回、内嗅皮层(P＜0.05)。结论 在人脑的正常老化过程中,大脑皮质体积、厚度及表面积与年龄呈现线性负相关性改变,不同脑区皮质与年龄呈不同程度的线性负相关关系,部分脑回皮质的年龄效应存在侧化差异,皮质体积、厚度、表面积三个形态学指标是相互关联的。     

The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control

Selective visual attention involves dynamic interplay between attentional control systems and sensory brain structures. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a cued spatial-attention task to dissociate brain activity related to attentional control from that related to selective processing of target stimuli. Distinct networks were engaged by attention-directing cues versus subsequent targets. Superior frontal, inferior parietal and superior temporal cortex were selectively activated by cues, indicating that these structures are part of a network for voluntary attentional control. This control biased activity in multiple visual cortical areas, resulting in selective sensory processing of relevant visual targets.     

Prominent activation of the bilateral inferior parietal lobule of literate compared with illiterate subjects during Chinese logographic processing

Chinese is a logographic language system that differs from alphabetic languages, and some of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying Chinese logographic reading also differ from those underlying alphabetic word reading. However, whether education level effects the neural activation associated with logographic processing of Chinese is still unknown. In the present study, 11 Chinese illiterate and 11 literate (age-matched) subjects participated in an event-related fMRI experiment with Chinese character discrimination (CD) and figure discrimination (FD) tasks. All subjects were asked to view the character or figure pairs and discriminate whether the characters or figures of each stimuli pair were the same or not using response keys. Both literate and illiterate subjects activated a widely distributed cerebral network, including the bilateral inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri, superior temporal gyrus and parietal lobe, in the CD task. Finally, we directly compared the activations of literate subjects with illiterate subjects. The results suggest that the bilateral parts of the angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus are more active for literate than illiterate subjects in the CD task. We found no significant group difference in the FD task. Therefore, the present results may indicate that education level effects the neural activation associated with the logographic processing of Chinese.     

Age-related changes in the functional neuroanatomy of overt speech production

Alterations of existing neural networks during healthy aging, resulting in behavioral deficits and changes in brain activity, have been described for cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. To investigate age-related changes in the neural circuitry underlying overt non-lexical speech production, functional MRI was performed in 14 healthy younger (21-32 years) and 14 healthy older individuals (62-84 years). The experimental task involved the acoustically cued overt production of the vowel /a/ and the polysyllabic utterance /pataka/. In younger and older individuals, overt speech production was associated with the activation of a widespread articulo-phonological network, including the primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area, the cingulate motor areas, and the posterior superior temporal cortex, similar in the /a/ and /pataka/ condition. An analysis of variance with the factors age and condition revealed a significant main effect of age. Irrespective of the experimental condition, significantly greater activation was found in the bilateral posterior superior temporal cortex, the posterior temporal plane, and the transverse temporal gyri in younger compared to older individuals. Significantly greater activation was found in the bilateral middle temporal gyri, medial frontal gyri, middle frontal gyri, and inferior frontal gyri in older vs. younger individuals. The analysis of variance did not reveal a significant main effect of condition and no significant interaction of age and condition. These results suggest a complex reorganization of neural networks dedicated to the production of speech during healthy aging.     

男性攻击性精神分裂症患者杏仁核功能连接的磁共振研究

目的:探讨男性攻击性精神分裂症患者是否存在杏仁核与其他脑区功能连接的异常.方法:对有攻击行为和没有攻击行为的男性精神分裂症患者各13例进行静息状态下功能磁共振成像.结果:与非攻击组相比,攻击组双侧额中回、右侧额上回、右侧脑岛、右侧顶上小叶、右侧扣带回等脑区与左侧杏仁核功能连接增强;双侧额上回、额中回、双侧颞上回、右侧颢中回等脑区与右侧杏仁核功能增强.结论:杏仁核与多个脑区之间特别是与额上回、额中回的功能连接增强可能与男性精神分裂症患者的攻击行为有关.     

利用脑局部一致性方法对儿童全身强直发作性癫痫的研究

目的　应用静息态功能磁共振局部一致性方法研究儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者脑区异常活动,探讨其发生的病理生理机制。 方法　对8例儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者和30例正常儿童进行磁共振扫描,并计算全脑局部一致性的值,进行组间比较并研究局部一致性与病程的相关性。 结果　与对照组相比,癫痫组ReHo值增高的脑区为大脑深部核团（扣带回,丘脑,楔前叶等）,运动相关脑区,额下回,枕叶,颞叶和小脑;ReHo值降低的脑区为双侧额中回、右侧颞中回、左侧颞上回、双侧中央后回、左侧舌回。全身强直发作性癫痫与病程呈正相关的脑区为左侧楔前叶、左侧顶上小叶、右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回;与病程呈负相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶、右侧角回、中央旁小叶。 结论　局部一致性分析方法可以有效地反映癫痫患者异常的神经功能变化,有助于发现强直发作性癫痫发生的病理生理机制。     

Regional homogeneity of the resting-state brain activity correlates with individual intelligence

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed that the strengths of the long distance functional connectivity between different brain areas are correlated with individual differences in intelligence. However, the association between the local connectivity within a specific brain region and intelligence during rest remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between local connectivity and intelligence. Fifty-nine right-handed healthy adults participated in the study. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to assess the strength of local connectivity. The associations between ReHo and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores were studied in a voxel-wise manner using partial correlation analysis controlling for age and sex. We found that the FSIQ scores were positively correlated with the ReHo values of the bilateral inferior parietal lobules, middle frontal, parahippocampal and inferior temporal gyri, the right thalamus, superior frontal and fusiform gyri, and the left superior parietal lobule. The main findings are consistent with the parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence, supporting the view that general intelligence involves multiple brain regions throughout the brain.     

Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with hippocampal and prefrontal cortex volumes

A rapidly increasing number of studies are quantifying the system-level network architecture of the human brain based on structural-to-structural and functional-to-functional relationships. However, a largely unexplored area is the nature and existence of “cross-modal” structural–functional relationships, in which, for example, the volume (or other morphological property) of one brain region is related to the functional response to a given task either in that same brain region, or another brain region. The present study investigated whether the gray matter volume of a selected group of structures (superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, thalamus, and hippocampus) was correlated with the fMRI response to a working memory task, within a mask of regions previously identified as involved with working memory. The subjects included individuals with schizophrenia, their siblings, and healthy controls (n = 154 total). Using rigorous permutation testing to define the null distribution, we found that the volume of the superior and middle frontal gyri was correlated with working memory activity within clusters in the intraparietal sulcus (i.e., dorsal parietal cortex) and that the volume of the hippocampus was correlated with working memory activity within clusters in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus. However, we did not find evidence that the identified structure–function relationships differed between subject groups. These results show that long-distance structural–functional relationships exist within the human brain. The study of such cross-modal relationships represents an additional approach for studying systems-level interregional brain networks.     

基于多模态功能磁共振成像的原发性失眠研究

目的:研究基于多模态功能磁共振成像的原发性失眠。方法:选取福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院2018年12月~2019年12月期间收治的原发性失眠患者50例为研究组,选取与研究组性别、年龄皆与之匹配的健康人群50例作为对照组,所有被研究者均进行临床匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）以及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分,选择PCC为种子点对静息态功能磁共振成像数据进行功能连接（FC）分析,获得被研究者的脑内功能连接参数,比较研究组和对照组的差异,并进行分析。结果:两组患者性别和年龄对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但是研究组患者PSQI评分、HAMA评分以及HAMD评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;对照组被研究者和研究组患者组间无弥散张量成像（DTI）差异,对照组与研究组比较,研究组患者的左侧海马以及右上额枕束FA值显著下降,而双侧扣带回、左下纵束、右上额枕束、左侧海马、双侧钩束的MD值显著升高（P<0.05）;对照组被研究者与PCC功能连接脑部区域,包括:颞极L/颞上回/额上回/岛叶、颞极R/岛叶、枕下回R/梭状回、额下回R/额下回眶部、楔前叶L、R/后扣带回/中间扣带回、颞上回L/颞横回、枕中回R/楔前叶/顶上小叶、颞上回R,显著阈值设为P=0.000,簇≥1 355 mm3;研究组患者与PCC功能连接脑部区域,包括:额下回眶部L/颞上回/额中回、楔前叶L、R/后扣带回/中间扣带回、颞中回R/枕中回/楔前叶/角回、枕中回L/楔前叶/枕上回、额中回L、中央前回R、额上回R,显著阈值设为P=0.000,簇≥1 355 mm3。结论:联合应用静息态功能磁共振成像和扩散加权磁共振成像可以作为一种多模态的方式揭示原发性失眠患者发生的病理和生理机制。     

Comparable fMRI activity with differential behavioural performance on mental rotation and overt verbal fluency tasks in healthy men and women

To explicate the neural correlates of sex differences in visuospatial and verbal fluency tasks, we examined behavioural performance and blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) regional brain activity, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, during a three-dimensional (3D) mental rotation task and a compressed sequence overt verbal fluency task in a group of healthy men (n=9) and women (n=10; tested during the low-oestrogen phase of the menstrual cycle). Men outperformed women on the mental rotation task, and women outperformed men on the verbal fluency task. For the mental rotation task, men and women activated areas in the right superior parietal lobe and the bilateral middle occipital gyrus in association with the rotation condition. In addition, men activated the left middle temporal gyrus and the right angular gyrus. For verbal fluency, men activated areas in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, thalamus, left parahippocampal gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus, and women activated areas in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left caudate. Despite observing task related activation in the hypothesised areas in men and women, no areas significantly differentiated the two sexes. Our results demonstrate comparable brain activation in men and women in association with mental rotation and verbal fluency function with differential performance, and provide support for sex differences in brain–behaviour relationships.     

Neuromagnetic Changes of Brain Rhythm Evoked by Intravenous Olfactory Stimulation in Humans

Summary: To identify the changes in the respective frequency band and brain areas related to olfactory perception, we measured magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals before and after instilling intravenously thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD) and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide monohydrochloride (TTFD), which evoked a strong and weak sensation of odor, respectively. For the frequency analysis of MEG, a beamformer program, synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM), was employed and event-related desynchronization (ERD) or synchronization (ERS) was statistically determined. Both strong and weak odors induced ERD in (1) beta band (13–30 Hz) in the right precentral gyrus, and the superior and middle frontal gyri in both hemispheres, (2) low gamma band (30–60 Hz) in the left superior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule, and the middle frontal gyrus in both hemispheres, and (3) high gamma band 2 (100–200 Hz) in the right inferior frontal gyrus. TPD induced ERD in the left temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, while TTFD induced ERD in the right temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The results indicate that physiological functions in several regions in the frontal lobe may change and the strength of the odor may play a different role in each hemisphere during olfactory perception in humans. This study was supported by Japan Space Forum, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas -Higher-Order Brain Functions-from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.