16种中药的抗4NQO致突变作用

用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＣＭ８９１ 菌株的正向突变（ＳＭｒ－ ５） 和回复突变（ＴｒＰ＋） 双重指标，以细胞内抗突变作用的模式检测了１６ 种中药水提取物的抗４ ＮＱＯ 的致突变活性。结果显示：诃子、首乌、女贞子和带蒂菱壳具有拮抗４ ＮＱＯ 诱发的正向突变和回复突变的作用；带蒂菱壳还具有抗自发正向和回复突变的作用。白芍具有促进４ ＮＱＯ 的致突变活性     

广州大气颗粒污染物遗传毒性与气象因素的相关性研究

用Ａｍｅｓ试验和ＳＯＳ显色法研究了广州大气总悬浮颗粒（ＴＳＰ）有机提取的遗传毒性。结果表明，不同月份的提取物诱导测试菌株的回复突变和ＳＯＳ反应的能力有明显差异。样品的遗传毒性与相应月份的气温、气压、风速、以及ＴＳＰ浓度、有机提取物的含量有显著的相关性。     

五种可食用性天然植物的致突变及抗突变实验研究

环境中的一些致癌致突变物常通过饮食进入人体 ,天然的抗癌抗突变物也可通过饮食摄入 ,发挥一定的拮抗作用。为发掘一些可食性天然植物的新用途 ,采用抗突变和致突变同步快速试验技术对新鲜月季花、黄菊花、茴香、山芋及蔓菁5种可食性天然植物的致突变及抗突变作用进行了初步研究。试验中用大肠杆菌溶原性菌株ＧＹ5 0 2 7和对特异性噬菌体敏感的指示菌ＧＹ40 15 ,试验前对菌株进行生物学鉴定 ,符合原生物学特性。其反应原理是 :当ＧＹ5 0 2 7菌接触到致突变致癌物即发生ＳＯＳ反应造成基因突变释放出噬菌体 ,导致对该噬菌体敏感的ＧＹ40 15…     

维生素C抑制丝裂霉素C对细菌突变作用的研究

维生素（ＶＣ）已逐渐被证实有抗突变抗癌作用［１～３］，对其抗突变作用的机理虽有些报告，但至今尚未完全清楚。本研究采用抗突变和致突变同步快速试验，将ＶＣ与致突变物和指示菌进行４种不同处理，研究ＶＣ的抗突变作用机理。１材料与方法１．１试剂及菌种１．１．１...     

中国砷中毒病区腐植酸样品致突变性研究

目的探讨砷中毒地区的腐植酸样品有无致突变性。方法用Ａｍｅｓ试验检测了从中国贵州省高砷煤、台湾乌脚病病区井水和内蒙古砷中毒病区井水中提取的天然腐植酸样品。结果贵州高砷煤中腐植酸在不加大鼠肝匀浆（＋Ｓ９）时回复突变系数为１．０２～０．８２ｒｅｖ／μｇ，在加入大鼠肝匀浆（＋Ｓ９）时回复突变数为１．５３～１．１２ｒｅｖ／μｇ。并有明显的剂量反应关系存在。结论贵州高砷煤中腐植酸对ＴＡ９８（移码突变型）菌株有较强的直接致突变性，台湾乌脚病病区井水中腐植酸对ＴＡ９８（－Ｓ９）有较弱的致突变作用，而内蒙腐植酸没有致突变作用。同时还研究了商品腐植酸、砷和铁的致突变性，发现单纯的砷、铁和商品腐植酸均无致突变作用，但是砷与腐植酸共同作用，在某一浓度时，不论有没有铁存在，对ＴＡ９８（－Ｓ９）都有微弱的致突变作用。以上各种样品对ＴＡ１００（±Ｓ９）（碱基取代型）菌株均不表现出致突变作用。     

空气污染与儿童最大呼气流速变化的关系

本文通过对北京市大气污染较严重地区６０名健康儿童最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦ）的测定以及同步测定大气中ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２浓度及儿童个体接触ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２的剂量，观察空气污染与ＰＥＦ动态变化关系。发现空气中ＮＯ２浓度与家庭用煤取暖和儿童ＰＥＦ的变化显著相关，儿童ＳＯ２个体接触剂量与ＰＥＦ亦有显著相关性。     

核蛋白在镍引起穿梭质粒pZ189 DNA氧化和致突变中的作用

目的 探讨核蛋白在镍对ＤＮＡ氧化和致突变中的作用机制。方法 分别用高效液相色谱－电化学（ＨＬＰＣ－ＥＣ）方法和穿梭质粒pＺ１８９突变检测系统,观察二价镍（ＮiＣ１２）与叙利亚地鼠胚（ＳＨＦ）细胞核蛋白相互作用对质粒ＤＮＡ氧化「８－羟基脱氧鸟苷（８－ＯＨdＧ）形成」和突变频率的影响。结果 ⑴ＳＨＥ细胞核蛋白的存在明显加剧由 ＮiＣ１２和Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的pＺ１８９ ＤＮＡ氧化（８－ＯＨdＧ/１０＾５dＧ量从０．     

烹调油烟对饮食从业人员血中脂质过氧化物的影响

本文通过对３６名烹调油烟接触者和３０名非接触者血浆脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平进行研究，结果表明：烹调油烟接触者血浆ＬＰＯ含量高于非接触者（Ｐ＜００５），并与油烟浓度呈正相关（ｒ＝０６４９７，Ｐ＜００５），而红细胞ＳＯＤ活性低于非接触者（Ｐ＜００５），并与接触油烟浓度呈负相关（ｒ＝－０６７０４，Ｐ＜００５）。提示烹调油烟可诱导机体产生自由基，导致血浆ＬＰＯ增多，红细胞ＳＯＤ降低。烹调油烟的致突变性和细胞遗传毒性可能与其引起的自由基代谢紊乱有关     

亚硒酸钠和维生素E抗香烟烟雾的致突变作用

探讨亚硒酸钠和维生素Ｅ对香烟烟雾冷凝物（ＣｉｇａｒｅｔｅＳｍｏｋｅＣｏｎｄｅｎｓａｔｅ,ＣＳＣ）诱发的ＤＮＡ损伤的保护／对抗作用。采用非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵｎｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｅｄＤＮＡＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ,ＵＤＳ）试验,对两种ＣＳＣ诱发ＤＮＡ损伤和Ｓｅ、ＶＥ抗ＣＳＣ的致突变作用进行了观察。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,两种ＣＳＣ均可诱发大鼠肝细胞ＤＮＡ损伤,与空白对照相比,差别有高度显著性（Ｐ＜００１）,Ｓｅ和ＶＥ均能抑制ＣＳＣ的诱变性,抑制率在１４４７％～３７０２％,有明显的剂量反应关系（ｒＳｅ＝０９０７５,ｒｖｃ＝０９０８８,Ｐ＜００５）。当Ｓｅ和ＶＥ联合作用时,抑制率达４２９８％,呈现出协同抗诱变效应。结论：Ｓｅ和ＶＥ具有不同程度的抗ＣＳＣ的致突变作用,两种抗诱变剂的同时使用是合理的抗诱变／抗癌预防手段。     

23种食物或草药的抗突变及致突变试验报告

２３种食物或草药的抗突变及致突变试验报告赵泽贞，温登瑰，魏丽珍（河北省肿瘤研究所，石家在０５００１１）关键词：食物或草药，抗突变ＴｈｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＭｕｔａｇｅｎｉｃｉｔｙａｎｄＡｎｔｉｍｕｔａｇｅｎｉｃｉｔｙｏｆ２３ＫｉｎｄｓｏｆＦｏｏｄｏｒ...     

The unique correlation between anti-mutagenicity of human saliva and change in body weight

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction on the anti-mutagenicity of human saliva. Subjects were 16 male college judo players. The anti-mutagenicity of the saliva was measured using the umu test. There was an inhibiting effect of the saliva on the mutagenicity of AF-2. However, a modifying effect of the saliva on Trp-P-1 was not observed. On the day before a competition and 7 days after the competition, the inhibiting capacity of the saliva for the mutagenicity of AF-2 decreased and increased in two non-weight reduction and two weight reduction groups, respectively. However, on the day before the competition, the changed body weights (r=−0.77, p<0.01) and BMI (r=−0.77, p<0.01) were significantly correlated with that of the inhibiting capacity of the saliva for the mutagenicity of AF-2. In addition, the BMI at 20 days before the competition was not significantly but markedly correlated with it (r=0.50, p=0.057). At 7 days after the competition, however, these correlations were not found. These findings suggest a unique correlation between the anti-mutagenicity of human saliva and body weight or BMI.     

Mutagenicity of organic pollutants adsorbed on airborne particles in the center of Wrocław

With Ames assay there was examined mutagenicity of airborne particles that was sampled in summer and winter in centre of Wroc?aw; there were also examined fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds obtained from suspended matter extracts suspended with column chromatography. The strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was used with metabolic activation with S9 mix fraction. The samples collected in winter was more mutagenically active than the one sampled in summer. Mutagenicity of suspended matter sampled in summer was determined by compounds that were of more polar character than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soluble in hexane. There was observed a decrease in mutagenic activity of samples in summer due to metabolic activation. There were few polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the dust sampled in summer and they did not display mutagenic activity. Mutagenicity of air particles sampled in winter was determined by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons soluble in hexane and polar compounds. There was observed an increase in their mutagenic activity due to metabolic activation. This demonstrates that among them there are present promutagens, which, in mammals, undergo enzymatic transformation to compounds of direct mutagenic activity. Fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the examined range of concentrations did not display mutagenic activity neither in summer nor in winter, both with and without metabolic activity.     

Genotoxicity of urban air particulate matter: Correlations between mutagenicity data,airborne micropollutants,and meteorological parameters

The mutagenicity of airborne particulate matter was monitored at a site representative of the high traffic density of the city of Rome. Inhalable (less than 10 μm) particles were collected every other day with a high‐volume sampler from November 1990 to April 1991. Mutagenicity of particle extracts was evaluated by the microsuspension procedure with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. Mutagenic activities of particle extracts displayed a fourfold variation during the period of sampling, with the lowest values in April (about 600 induced revertants mg^‐1), and the highest in February (about 2500 revertants mg^‐1). Multivariate statistical analyses on the interrelationships between mutagenicity, micropollutants levels and meteorological parameters highlighted a close inverse relationship between air mutagenicity and ambient temperature. Lower temperatures determined both an increased content of organic matter on air particles, and an increased mutagenicity (on a weight basis) of particle extracts, which was associated with a relative enrichment of the more volatile PAHs.     

Mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter (PM10) in a sugarcane farming area (Araraquara city, southeast Brazil)

Brazil contains 25% of the total land planted with sugarcane in the world and is thus one of the major producers. The annual burning of sugarcane fields prior to harvesting emits huge amounts of pyrogenic particles. Biomass burning is an important primary and secondary source of aerosol particles. The presence of carbonaceous particles in the inhalable size range makes it important to study this fraction in view of the possible effects on human health and the climate. In this study, the mutagenic activity associated with inhalable airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) collected on air filters in a sugarcane-growing area near the city of Araraquara (SE Brazil) was determined. The extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and tested for mutagenicity by the Ames plate incorporation test with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture. To assess the association between mutagenicity and PM₁₀, samples were collected in sugarcane harvesting and non-harvesting periods of the year. Significant mutagenicity was detected in organic solvent extracts of all samples, with differences between the two periods. The highest values of mutagenic potency (13.45 and 5.72 revertants/m³ of air in the absence and presence of the S9 mixture, respectively) were observed during the harvest. In this period, a Teflon™-coated glass-fiber air filter trapped 67.0 μg of particulate matter per m³ of air. In the non-harvest period, on the same type of filter, only 20.9 μg of particulate matter was found per m³. The mutagenic potencies at this time were 1.30 and 1.04 revertants/m³ of air, in the absence and presence of the S9 mixture, respectively. Period, concentration of PM₁₀ and mutagenicity were associated with each other. For routine monitoring of mutagenicity in the atmosphere, the use of YG1024 tester strain without metabolic activation (S9) is recommended.     

室内燃煤燃气空气颗粒物致突变性研究

采用Ａｍｅｓ试验对济南、烟台居民燃煤和液化气室内空气颗粒物的致突变性进行了检测研究。结果表明两种燃料燃烧的颗粒物均有明显的致突变作用，但以引起移码突变的直接致突变物为主。其颗粒物致突变强度燃煤重于燃气。     

Correlation between mutagenicity of airborne particles and air pollution parameters in eleven Italian towns

Organic extracts from airborne particles collected in 11 Italian towns between February and April, 1988, were tested for mutagenicity on TA98 and TA100 (± S9), and their nitroreductase (NR) deficient Salmonella strains, by the use of the Ames plate incorporation assay. Mutagenic responses were fitted by an equation which takes into account toxic effects on tester organisms. Generally parallel responses were obtained with the two Salmonella strains, but the TA98 gave, mostly, higher increases of revertants over the control level. No dramatic decreases in mutagenicity were observed with the NR derivative strains, except in a few cases with TA98NR and, more frequently, with TA100NR strains. During air sampling, temperature, atmospheric pressure, light, wind strength and direction, SO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃ and non‐methanic hydrocarbons (NMHC) concentrations were continuously monitored. Meteorological variables seem not to be significantly correlated with mutagenicity variations, while the highest correlation (r = 0.91) was observed between induced reversion in TA98 (+ S9) and NMHC concentration in air. Therefore, in spite of the wide range of different types of towns included in the study, air NMHC concentration can be considered a good predictor for the mutagenicity of the total organic material extracted from particles of urban air.     

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air mutagenicity: Results of one year monitoring at an urban site

The concentrations of four volatile organic compounds (VOCs: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) and the levels of inhalable (< 10 μm) airborne particles were monitored during 1 year at a site with intense vehicular traffic in the city of Rome. VOCs as well as airborne particulate matter were sampled every alternate day and pooled in fortnightly samples representative of the first and second half of each month. Some meteorological parameters (mean temperature, heliophany, air pressure and relative humidity) were concurrently recorded. Air particulate extracts were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion system with tester strain TA98. Air mutagenicity levels were compared to air concentrations of benzene and alkylbenzenes, putative indicators of vehicular traffic, in order to elucidate their interrelationships. The results of multivariate statistical analyses show that seasonal variations in air mutagenicity are mainly dependent on the increased content of organic matter in airborne particles, possibly resulting from the increased deposition rate of semivolatile compounds with low ambient temperature. A weaker association was observed between air mutagenicity level and VOCs concentrations.     

兰州地区大气悬浮颗粒物有机提取物的致突变性研究

为了解兰州大气污染的危害采用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法对兰州市不同地区５个采样点大气总悬浮颗粒物样品进行了致突变性研究。结果表明,５个点样品均存在不同程度的致突变活性,且具有较好的剂量、反应关系,其中Ａ、Ｄ两点致突变性最强,Ｃ点次之,Ｂ、Ｅ点则较弱,提示兰州市大气ＴＳＰ具有潜在的致癌危险性。     

Mutagenicity assessment of airborne particles from three polyurethane foam manufacturing facilities

In conjunction with industrial hygiene surveys, mutagenicity studies were performed for the airborne contaminants in three polyurethane manufacturing plants. Airborne particles were collected on glass-fiber filters with Hi-Vol pumps from different locations in each plant. Gases were collected in multiple-sorbent cartridges. The collected airborne particles and sorbent cartridges were extracted with organic solvents. Each extract was tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The results showed that airborne particles from all three plants are mutagenic to TA98 with or without S9 activation. The mutagenicity with S9, however, was two to four times higher than that without S9. None of the samples of gases collected on sorbent cartridges showed mutagenic activity.