不同产地胡芦巴标准汤剂制备及UPLC特征图谱研究

目的:制备胡芦巴标准汤剂,建立胡芦巴碱的含量测定方法及胡芦巴的特征图谱,进一步完善胡芦巴标准汤剂的质量标准,同时为胡芦巴的产地鉴别提供参考。方法:依据《中药配方颗粒质量控制与标准制定技术要求(征求意见稿)》中标准汤剂制备原则,制备胡芦巴标准汤剂,采用HPLC建立以胡芦巴碱为指标性成分的含量测定方法。同时,建立胡芦巴UPLC特征图谱,并采用中药色谱特征图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)软件对特征图谱进行分析。结果:不同产地胡芦巴标准汤剂中胡芦巴碱含量范围为1.58%～2.12%,含量差异较小;不同产地胡芦巴标准汤剂所含化学成分差异较大,其中四川、安徽产地的胡芦巴标准汤剂化学成分一致,甘肃、河北产地的胡芦巴标准汤剂化学成分一致。4个产地的胡芦巴标准汤剂特征图谱中共有特征峰10个,指认特征峰2个,相似度均大于0.95。结论:胡芦巴标准汤剂制备规范,含量测定方法精密度、重复性良好,特征图谱可用于鉴别不同产地的胡芦巴。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定胡芦巴提取物中4-羟基异亮氨酸

胡芦巴Trigonella foenum-graecum L.,又名香豆子、香苜蓿、芦巴子,为豆科蝶形花亚科胡芦巴属一年生草本植物。胡芦巴种子中主要含有半乳甘露聚糖等多糖物质、蛋白质、芹菜香脂等。此外,还含胡芦巴碱、游离氨基酸、甾体皂苷、香豆素和黄酮类物质。4-羟基异亮氨酸是胡芦巴中存在     

HS-SPME-GC-MS联用分析不同产地胡芦巴挥发性成分

目的:分析比较不同产地胡芦巴挥发性成分的组成。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HSSPME-GC-MS)联用技术,对不同产地胡芦巴中挥发性化学成分进行定性分析,以峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析对数据进行处理。结果:4个产地胡芦巴的总离子流图整体上相似,12个批次的样本在聚类和主成分空间中聚集成为不同的类别,基本实现不同产地胡芦巴的鉴别,不同产地的胡芦巴挥发性成分种类和相对含量有一定的差异,但均含有正己醇、2-甲基-2-烯-1-丁醇、2-甲基-2-丁烯醛、仲丁醇等20种主要成分。另外,样本分布疏密度在一定程度上反映样本的亲缘关系,山西和河北产胡芦巴与四川和安徽产胡芦巴差异较大。结论:本实验方法稳定可靠,适用于胡芦巴挥发性成分的快速分析,并且能反映不同产地胡芦巴挥发性成分含量的差异,为胡芦巴的质量评价提供一定的科学依据。     

胡芦巴净制和炒制工艺对胡芦巴碱含量的影响

目的:考查胡芦巴不同炮制方法对其化学成分胡芦巴碱含量的影响。方法:胡芦巴碱含量测定用HPLC法,分析柱为氨基柱(Hypersil NH25μm,4.6mm×250mm),流动相为乙腈-水(75∶25),检测波长为265nm;流速为1.00mL/min;柱温为25℃。结果:不同炮制品中都含有胡芦巴碱;和淘洗法相比,淋洗法损失胡芦巴碱较少;随着干燥温度升高,胡芦巴碱含量呈下降趋势;按照传统的方法和标准制备炒胡芦巴,文火炒制约4min所得到的炒胡芦巴中胡芦巴碱含量最高。结论:实验结果为胡芦巴饮片的规范化炮制提供依据。     

大孔吸附树脂提取纯化胡芦巴中总皂苷的工艺研究

目的：优选胡芦巴乙醇提取液经树脂纯化的最佳工艺条件。方法：用正交试验法进行优选，以薯蓣皂苷元为指标测定总皂苷含量。结果：乙醇提取后经树脂柱纯化法的最优条件为A1B2C3D3。结论：胡芦巴的乙醇提取物经大孔树脂吸附纯化后总皂苷含量明显增加，本研究为胡芦巴中总皂苷的制备工艺提供依据。     

薄层扫描法测定胡芦巴地上部分中东莨菪内酯的含量

薄层扫描法测定胡芦巴地上部分中东莨菪内酯的含量黑龙江中医药大学孙晖，马玉国，王喜军黑龙江省食品监督检验所宋伟静胡芦巴（Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｅｌｌａｆｏｅｎｕｍ—ｇｒａｅｃｕｍＬ．）为豆科胡芦巴属植物，俗称香草［１］。该植物在我国东北地区有广泛的分布，除野生外...     

HPLC测定西藏不同海拔、不同直径喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的:建立喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱含量测定的HPLC法,考察海拔和生长年限对药材中胡芦巴碱含量的影响。方法:采用Agilent Porlaris-NH2色谱柱,流动相乙腈-水(87∶13),检测波长264 nm,测定不同海拔、不同直径的喜马拉雅紫茉莉根中胡芦巴碱的含量。以同一地点的药材直径大小反映药材生长年限的长短。结果:胡芦巴碱浓度在1.0109~101.9μg/m L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9997;平均加样回收率95.7%,RSD为1.12%(n=9)。海拔2 900 m药材中胡芦巴碱含量为171.5 mg/kg,海拔3 630 m以上药材平均含量为267.3mg/kg;拉萨市药材直径从1.5~7.5 cm,胡芦巴碱含量依次为309.26、319.86、173.85、197.91 mg/kg。结论:喜马拉雅紫茉莉药材中胡芦巴碱的含量与海拔、药材生长年限有关,海拔较高的药材含量较高;药材生长到一定年限后,胡芦巴碱含量显著下降。     

UPLC测定半夏中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的:采用超高效液相(UPLC)及亲水作用色谱法(HILIC,hydrophilic interaction chromatography)测定半夏中胡芦巴碱的含量,建立半夏药材质量评价方法.方法:半夏细粉经50％的甲醇超声提取后,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)进行胡芦巴碱含量的测定,流动相为乙腈-10 mmol·L-1醋酸铵(80∶20),流速0.4 mL· min -1,检测波长265 nm,进样量10 μL.结果:盐酸胡芦巴碱在1.125 ～72 nmol·mL-1线性关系良好(r =0.999 6,n=7),平均回收率为99.7％( RSD l.4％).结论:该方法专属性强、重复性好、稳定、可控,可作为半夏药材质量控制的方法.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定胡芦巴中薯蓣皂苷元

胡芦巴为较常用中药，为豆科植物胡芦巴Trigone foenum-graecum L.的干燥成熟种子。具有温肾、祛寒、止痛的作用，可用于肾脏虚冷、小腹冷痛、小肠疝气、寒湿脚气。胡芦巴中含有薯蓣皂苷元(diosgenin)和多种苷元为薯蓣皂苷元的皂苷类成分，薯蓣皂苷元是合成多种甾体激素类药物和甾     

产地和炮制工艺对胡芦巴中薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响

目的:测定胡芦巴药材中活性成分薯蓣皂苷元的含量,为建立更全面的药材质量评价方法提供依据。方法:醇提酸水解法获得薯蓣皂苷元,采用高效液相色谱法测定其含量。结果:不同产地胡芦巴及其各种炮制品中都含有不等量的薯蓣皂苷元;加工后薯蓣皂苷元的含量均有明显增加。结论:该方法切实可行,重现性良好,可用于胡芦巴质量控制。     

Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed extract as an antineoplastic agent

The antineoplastic effect of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract has been evaluated in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in Balb-C mice. Intra-peritoneal administration of the alcohol extract of the seed both before and after inoculation of EAC cell in mice produced more than 70% inhibition of tumour cell growth with respect to the control. Treatment with the extract was found to enhance both the peritoneal exudate cell and macrophage cell counts. The extract also produced a significant antiinflammatory effect. We report here the antiinflammatory and antineoplastic effects, of Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract.     

The effect of Trigonella foenum‐graecum extract on prostate‐specific antigen,and prostate function in otherwise healthy men with benign prostate hyperplasia

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a standardised Trigonella foenum‐graecum (Fenugreek) extract on the symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using a double‐blind randomised placebo controlled design. The study recruited 100 healthy males aged between 45 and 80 years with symptoms of BPH who recorded a minimum score of eight on the International Prostate Symptom Score. Participants were randomised to an oral dose of either 600mg Trigonella foenum‐graceum per day or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the International Prostate Symptom Score total and subdomain scores. The secondary outcomes were serum levels of the hormones (testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin) prostate‐specific antigen, and safety markers. The results indicated that Trigonella foenum‐graceum did not have an effect on improving the symptoms of BPH. Hormone levels, safety markers, and prostate‐specific antigen remained unchanged and within normal limits after 12 weeks, which adds to the safety profile of this specialised extract.     

Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) compared to omeprazole was studied on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract and a gel fraction isolated from the seeds showed significant ulcer protective effects. The cytoprotective effect of the seeds seemed to be not only due to the anti-secretory action but also to the effects on mucosal glycoproteins. The fenugreek seeds also prevented the rise in lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol presumably by enhancing antioxidant potential of the gastric mucosa thereby lowering mucosal injury. Histological studies revealed that the soluble gel fraction derived from the seeds was more effective than omeprazole in preventing lesion formation. These observations show that fenugreek seeds possess antiulcer potential.     

胡芦巴药材HPLC指纹图谱的初步研究

 目的研究胡芦巴药材的高效液相指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制药材的质量提供了可靠的方法。方法利用高效液相色谱法,梯度洗脱,测定了14个不同产地的胡芦巴药材样品。色谱条件为:Alltech C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水,流速:1 mL·min^-1,检测波长:211 nm。结果各产地胡芦巴药材指纹图谱有21个共有峰,峰面积之和大于总峰面积的90%,经相似度计算,各产地药材之间的相似性良好。结论方法灵敏度高,重现性好,可作为控制胡芦巴药材内在质量的标准。     

Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Ayurveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. India has about 45000 plant species and among them, several thousands have been claimed to possess medicinal properties. Research conducted in last few decades on plants mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for diabetes have shown anti-diabetic property. The present paper reviews 45 such plants and their products (active, natural principles and crude extracts) that have been mentioned/used in the Indian traditional system of medicine and have shown experimental or clinical anti-diabetic activity. Indian plants which are most effective and the most commonly studied in relation to diabetes and their complications are: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Cajanus cajan, Coccinia indica, Caesalpinia bonducella, Ficus bengalenesis, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Pterocarpus marsupium, Swertia chirayita, Syzigium cumini, Tinospora cordifolia and Trigonella foenum graecum. Among these we have evaluated M. charantia, Eugenia jambolana, Mucuna pruriens, T. cordifolia, T. foenum graecum, O. sanctum, P. marsupium, Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea. All plants have shown varying degree of hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity.     

大孔吸附树脂提取纯化胡芦巴中总皂苷的工艺研究

目的:优选胡芦巴乙醇提取液经树脂纯化的最佳工艺条件.方法:用正交试验法进行优选,以薯蓣皂苷元为指标测定总皂苷含量.结果:乙醇提取后经树脂柱纯化法的最优条件为A1B2C3D3.结论:胡芦巴的乙醇提取物经大孔树脂吸附纯化后总皂苷含量明显增加,本研究为胡芦巴中总皂苷的制备工艺提供依据.     

Prophylaxis effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats

Despite considerable progress in medical therapy, there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. Therefore, the current study aimed to look for an alternative by using Trigonella foenum graecum (Tfg) on nephrolithiasic rats as a preventive agent against the development of kidney stones, which is commonly used in Morocco as a phytotherapeutic agent. The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of Tfg seeds was examined on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) with ammonium chloride. At the end of the experiment all kidneys were removed and examined microscopically for possible crystal/stone locations and the total calcium amount in the renal tissue was evaluated. The blood was recovered to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea. The results showed that the amount of calcification in the kidneys and the total calcium amount of the renal tissue in rats treated with Tfg were significantly reduced compared with the untreated group. Consequently, Tfg may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with calcic urolithiasis.     

The effect of fenugreek 4-hydroxyisoleucine on liver function biomarkers and glucose in diabetic and fructose-fed rats

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L) is a plant traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes. It contains an unusual amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, demonstrated to have insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties in animal models. Here we examine the effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine on liver function and blood glucose in two rat models of insulin resistance, fructose-fed rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetes type 2. In fructose-fed rats, levels of glucose and liver damage marker aspartate transaminase were markedly (84% and 93%, respectively) and significantly elevated compared with controls (p < 0.001 for both). Alanine transaminase was elevated slightly (18%), and all markers were restored to near control values after treatment with 4-hydroxyisoleucine at 50 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks, the effect being significant (p < 0.01) for all markers. This prolonged exposure to 4-hydroxyisoleucine was well tolerated in control animals and did not alter levels of glucose or liver damage markers significantly. In diabetic rats, treatment with 4-hydroxyisoleucine did not affect glucose or liver damage markers, but did improve HDL-cholesterol levels (31% increase, p < 0.05). These findings indicate 4-hydroxyisoleucine as a useful and well-tolerated treatment for insulin resistance, both directly as a hypoglycaemic and also as a protective agent for the liver.     

不同产地亚麻子中α-亚麻酸和亚油酸含量测定

目的:对不同产地亚麻子药材进行质量评价,确定亚麻子的最佳产地.方法:以α-亚麻酸、亚油酸为测定指标,采用气相色谱法测定了甘肃、内蒙、青海、黑龙江、云南和新疆6个产地亚麻子中两者的含量.结果:6个产地的样品中,α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的平均含量分别为45.17%和21.19%,其中以内蒙产亚麻子中的α-亚麻酸和亚油酸含量为最高,分别为53.27%、25.70%.结论:可以采用α-亚麻酸和亚油酸为指标来控制和评价亚麻子药材的质量.本研究为优选亚麻子用药原料提供了简单有效的方法.     

Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity

The study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental ethanol toxicity in rats. The ability of the seed extract to prevent iron-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro was also investigated. Ethanol feeding for 60 days resulted in significant increases in the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of serum lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and brain were also significantly elevated. Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Activity of Ca(2+) ATPase in brain was significantly lowered. Simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds with ethanol prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant potential. The seeds exhibited appreciable antioxidant property in vitro which was comparable with that of reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol. Further, histopathological examination of liver and brain revealed that, aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds could offer a significant protection against ethanol toxicity.