城乡空巢老人抑郁症状及影响因素差异研究

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人的抑郁症状及影响因素的差异。方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据,纳入2 911名空巢老人,运用χ2检验及二分类logistic回归分析城乡空巢老人抑郁影响因素及差异。结果 我国空巢老人抑郁状况得分为（9.1±6.8）,抑郁发生率为36.4%;农村空巢老人抑郁发生率（39.9%）高于城市空巢老人（26.2%）。女性、低文化水平、低夜间睡眠时间、与子女见面频率低、自评健康差、躯体疼痛、活动受限是城乡空巢老人抑郁的共同危险因素。有社会参与（ OR =0.673,95% CI :0.423~0.959, P =0.031）是城市空巢老人特有的保护因素;吸烟（ OR =1.491,95% CI :1.110~2.004, P =0.008）、患慢性病（ OR =1.349,95% CI :1.102~1.650, P =0.004）是农村空巢老人特有的危险因素,受教育程度高（ OR =0.619,95% CI :0.385~0.996, P =0.048）是农村空巢老人特有的保护因素。结论 我国空巢老人抑郁水平较高且存在城乡差异。农村地区空巢老人抑郁水平更高,影响因素更复杂。应制定有效措施有针对性的干预城乡空巢老人心理健康。     

中国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素差异。方法 社会隔离可被分为主观社会隔离和客观社会隔离,基于2014年中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）数据,纳入4 705名空巢老人,运用二分类logistic回归模型分析城乡空巢老人社会隔离的影响因素差异。结果 本研究空巢老人社会隔离发生率为51.3%,主、客观社会隔离同时发生率为11.9%,且农村社会隔离发生率（57.3%）高于城镇（47.4%）（χ2 = 43.871,P＜0.001）。无配偶、自评健康较差（OR = 1.635,95%CI:1.322～2.022;OR = 1.410,95%CI:1.119～1.777）、患有慢性病、低个人年收入、与子女见面（OR = 2.322,95%CI:1.457～3.701;OR = 2.858,95%CI:1.648～4.955）和电话联系频率低是城乡空巢老人出现社会隔离的危险因素,且ADL受损也是城乡空巢老人同时出现主、客观社会隔离的危险因素;教育程度和个人年收入是城镇空巢老人社会隔离发生的特有因素。结论 我国空巢老人社会隔离存在城乡差异,农村空巢老人社会隔离发生率高于城镇,应对城乡空巢老人采取针对性的干预措施。     

中国慢病老年人抑郁现状与影响因素分析

目的 研究中国城乡慢病老年人的抑郁现状及影响因素。方法 以2015年CHARLS 数据库中3 194名60岁及以上的慢病老人为研究对象,利用二分类logistic回归模型研究城乡慢病老年人的抑郁现状与影响因素之间的关系。结果 慢病老人的抑郁症状有城乡差异（χ2 = 66.374,P＜0.001）,其中城镇组的抑郁率为28.9%,农村组为44.6%。多因素分析显示,城市组特有的保护因素有年龄≧75岁（OR = 0.50,95%CI = 0.29～0.83）,农村组特有的危险因素有女性(OR = 1.89,95%CI = 1.53～2.33)、65～69岁(OR = 1.50,95%CI = 1.19～1.90)、3种慢病(OR = 1.59,95%CI = 1.21～2.09)、3种慢病以上（OR = 2.52,95%CI = 1.84～3.47）、独居(OR = 1.30,95%CI = 1.02～1.56)。结论 我国农村慢病老人相比城镇组抑郁检出率高,应针对高危人群采取预防控制措施,以促进慢病老人身心健康公平、均衡发展。     

辽宁省农村独居失能老人长期照护模式选择意愿及其影响因素分析

目的 调查辽宁省农村独居失能老人长期照护模式选择意愿并分析其影响因素,为建立和发展农村独居失能老人长期照护体系提供理论依据。方法 采取便利抽样的方法选取辽宁省农村地区302名独居失能老人作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、老年人能力评估问卷、社会支持评定量表和自制长期照护模式调查表进行调查。结果 219例（72.5%）独居失能老人选择居家长期照护,83例（27.5%）选择机构长期照护,勉强能在家生活（76.3%）和没钱去养老机构（60.3%）是独居失能老人选择居家长期照护的2个主要原因,选择机构长期照护最重要的原因是有专人提供生活照料（73.4%）; Logistic回归分析表明月收入（OR = 4.156,P = 0.001）、社会支持（OR = 0.903,P = 0.036）和能力等级（中度失能:OR = 26.593,P = 0.001;重度失能:OR = 557.370,P＜0.001）是长期照护模式选择意愿的影响因素。结论 居家长期照护仍然符合大部分农村独居失能老人的长期照护意愿,应针对独居失能老人的不同特点,加强居家长期照护功能并发展机构长期照护服务。     

中国老年人衰弱状况与社会参与及其交互作用对抑郁影响研究

目的 了解我国老年人衰弱状况与社会参与及其交互作用对抑郁影响。方法 收集2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据（CHARLS）中4 521名≥60岁老年人相关数据,采用logistic回归分析老年人抑郁的影响因素,并将衰弱状况和社会参与作为2个交互项,调整混杂因素,评价衰弱状况和社会参与交互作用对老年人抑郁的影响。结果 有抑郁症状者1 414人（31.27%）。抑郁与非抑郁老年人在性别（χ2 = 49.237,P＜0.001）、年龄（χ2 = 119.612,P＜0.001）、婚姻状况（χ2 = 14.016,P＜0.001）、文化程度（χ2 = 50.851,P＜0.001）、居住地（χ2 = 32.584,P＜0.001）方面有统计学差异。控制混杂因素后,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,社会隔离(OR = 2.457,95%CI:1.384～3.532)和衰弱前期(OR = 1.201,95%CI:1.121～1.289)、衰弱(OR = 1.860,95%CI:1.290～1.976)是老年人抑郁发生的影响因素。交互作用结果显示,衰弱与社会隔离对老年人抑郁发生存在相乘(P交互＜0.001)和相加交互作用(OR = 7.715,95%CI:5.426～12.062),RERI(95%CI)、API(95%CI)、Index S(95%CI)分别为1.137(0.252～1.807)、0.316(0.158～0.476)、3.972(1.639～4.665)。结论 衰弱和社会隔离是老年人抑郁的危险因素且二者存在交互作用。     

失能老人长期照护现状及影响因素研究——基于2018年CLHLS数据的分析

目的 探讨我国失能老人长期照护现状及其影响因素,为构建和完善失能老人长期照护服务体系提供依据。方法 基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）2018年数据,描述现状并采用二元logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 家庭照护仍是最主要的照护模式,占比高达85.1%,农村（OR=0.228,P<0.001）、已婚（OR=0.359,P<0.001）、首要照料者态度较差（OR=0.446,P=0.030）及想要与子女一起居住（OR=0.240,P<0.001）的失能老人倾向选择家庭照护,女性（OR=1.440,P=0.046）、文化程度高（OR=2.446,P<0.001）、中重度失能（OR=2.384,P<0.001;OR=3.042,P<0.001）及想要居住在敬老院、老年公寓或福利院（OR=32.759,P<0.001）的失能老人倾向选择社会化照护。结论 家庭照护仍占主体地位,且照护负担较重,需建立从家庭、社区到机构的“智能一体化”长期照护服务体系,完善失能老人照护保障机制,并建立照护需求评估体系,为失能老人营造良好的照护环境。     

中国农村失能老年人抑郁状况影响因素

  目的  了解农村失能老年人抑郁状况,并探讨其影响因素。  方法  基于2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据（China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS）,纳入836名受访者。运用order logit模型分析中国农村失能老年人抑郁状况的影响因素,并通过分失能程度估计研究样本异质性。  结果  有55.74%的农村失能老年人精神亚健康,其中抑郁状况一般的为35.05%,抑郁状况差的为20.69%。基本特征、生活状况、健康状况、社会经济特征、代际支持五方面变量在不同程度上影响农村失能老年人抑郁状况。儿女数量对总样本抑郁状况的影响差异无统计学意义,但女儿数量（OR=1.416,95%CI:1.055~1.901,P=0.020）和儿子数量（OR=2.012,95%CI:1.579~2.564,P=0.043）分别对中度和重度农村失能老年人抑郁状况产生负向影响,与孙辈同村（OR=0.732,95%CI:0.554~0.966,P=0.028）对农村失能老年人抑郁状况的影响差异有统计学意义,对重度失能老年人抑郁状况产生正向影响（OR=0.527,95%CI:0.341~0.813,P=0.034）。  结论  农村失能老年人抑郁状况受多元因素共同影响。"养儿防老"与"多子多福"现象正在逐渐消失,"隔辈亲"现象依旧存在。     

泰安市老年人失能现状城乡差异及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省泰安市城乡老年人失能现状及其影响因素，为改善城乡老年人失能状况提供科学依据，以期促进健康老龄化建设。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，于2020年7—8月对泰安市6个县（市/区）3 896名≥60岁老年人进行调查，分析城乡老年人日常生活自理能力（ADL）现状及其影响因素。结果 泰安市老年人失能率为4.8%，其中农村老年人失能率（5.5%）高于城镇老年人（3.5%）（χ2=8.040,P <0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥80岁（OR=7.058）、自评健康状况差（OR=3.237）、睡眠质量差（OR=6.288）是城镇老年人失能的危险因素，参加城镇职工基本医疗保险（OR=0.146）或城乡居民基本医疗保险（OR=0.180）是城镇老年人失能的保护因素。年龄70～79岁（OR=2.116）或≥80岁（OR=7.270）、自评健康状况一般（OR=2.256）或差（OR=4.368）、患有慢性病（OR=3.290）、过去一年曾跌倒（OR=2.151）是农村老年人失能的危险因素，参加体育锻炼（OR=0.568）是农村老年人失能的保护因素。结论 泰...     

北京市失能老人照顾者焦虑和抑郁症状相关因素分析

目的调查社区失能老人照顾者焦虑和抑郁情况并分析其危险因素,以维护照顾者心理健康,保证失能老人照顾质量。方法对北京市6个社区的失能老人照顾者进行问卷调查,收集老人、照顾者一般情况,老人失能程度和照顾者焦虑、抑郁情况,用logistic回归分析照顾者出现焦虑、抑郁症状的相关因素。结果有效的358份问卷中照顾者焦虑和抑郁症状检出率分别为26.54%和42.46%,多因素logistic回归分析发现照顾者出现焦虑症状的危险因素有照顾者年龄大(OR=1.246, 95%CI:1.004～1.547)和照顾者自评健康状况差(OR=1.574, 95%CI:1.193～2.078),保护因素有老人个人收入高(OR=0.744, 95%CI:0.602～0.920)和辅助具应用多(OR=0.756, 95%CI:0.573～0.998);照顾者出现抑郁症状的危险因素有与老人为亲属关系(OR=2.339, 95%CI:1.298～4.215)、失能程度严重(OR=1.567, 95%CI:1.202～2.042)及照顾年限长(OR=1.312, 95%CI:1.059～1.626),保护因素有辅助具应用多(OR=0.761, 95%CI:0.592～0.979)和老人文化程度高(OR=0.804, 95%CI:0.675～0.958)。结论关注失能老人病情的同时也要关注有焦虑或抑郁危险因素的照顾者心理问题,需要政府、相关机构和家庭的多方面支持来为失能老人提供更好的照顾。     

山东省青少年抑郁现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省青少年的抑郁现状及其影响因素,为青少年抑郁预防和干预提供科学的理论依据。方法 采用自编的基本信息调查表和流调中心抑郁自评量表（CES-D）,以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取山东省835名青少年进行问卷调查。应用单因素检验和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析青少年抑郁的保护因素和危险因素。结果 山东省青少年CES-D平均得分为（17.35±11.25）分,抑郁检出率为48.7%,可能有抑郁症状的青少年检出率为12.7%（102人）,肯定有抑郁症状的青少年检出率为36.0%（共290人）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,学习成绩差（OR=1.57,P=0.031）、感觉课程难度难（OR=3.91,P=0.039）、家庭不和睦（OR=1.74,P=0.021）、权威型教育方式（OR=1.84,P=0.010）、社会关系差（OR=2.39,P=0.023）、不能获得帮助（OR=3.16,P<0.001）、内向型性格（OR=1.66,P=0.013）、心理健康差（OR=33.31,P<0.001）是山东省青少年抑郁的危险因素。结论 山东省青少年抑郁检出率较高,需要高度关注。学习成绩差、感觉课程难度难、家庭不和睦、权威型教育方式、社会关系差、不能获得帮助、内向型性格、心理健康差的青少年更容易出现抑郁症状。应定期开展心理健康状况筛查,采取综合措施进行预防和干预,降低抑郁等心理问题的发生。     

Artificial oocyte activation: physiological,pathophysiological and ethical aspects

Infertile couples with low oocyte yield in combination with abnormal semen parameters may experience intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure. An established factor associated with ICSI failure is oocyte activation deficiency (AOD). The latter originates from seminal contributors, such as phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ) that is not adequate to produce calcium (Ca²⁺) oscillations for oocyte activation. Apart from this natural activator, other stimulants, such as A23187, ionomycin, strontium chloride or even electric pulses, have been used in embryological laboratories to overcome AOD and ICSI failure. The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss the role of Ca⁺² oscillations in oocyte activation and summarize the evidence concerning the use of oocyte activators as agents for artificial oocyte activation (AOA). Studies in humans and animals have emerged many physiological, pathophysiological and ethical aspects of AOA. In conclusion, in mammalian eggs, the cytosolic Ca⁺² oscillations derive from a periodic release of Ca⁺² from intracellular pools. PLCζ, as well as artificial stimulants, have been used to produce Ca⁺² oscillations for AOA. As the latter may increase the risk of epigenetic induced malformations, further studies are required to clarify whether AOA constitutes an effective and safe method to overcome ICSI failure.

Abbreviations: AOA: artificial oocyte activation; AOD: oocyte activation deficiency; Ca⁺²: Calcium; CAMKII: Ca⁺²/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CICR: calcium-induced calcium-release; DAG: diacylglycerol; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ICSI: intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection; InsP₃R: inositol-trisphosphate receptor; IP₃: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MAP: mitogen-activated protein; MII: metaphase II; NADP: nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NO: nitric oxide; PAWP: post-acrosomal WW-binding domain protein; PIP₂: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PLC: phospholipase C; PLCζ: phospholipase C-zeta; SOAFs: spermatozoon-released oocyte-activating factors; Sr⁺²: strontium; TFF: total fertilization failure     

Cleavage-stage embryo micromanipulation in the clinical setting

Embryo micromanipulation was developed after introduction of microinjection to overcome infertility. Embryo micromanipulation may be performed at any embryo stage from pronuclear to blastocyst. The technique started out as basic and turned out to be increasingly more complex. Embryo micromanipulation at the cleavage-stage includes a wide range of techniques, from opening the zona pellucida in order to improve the chance of implantation, to removing detrimental components from the embryo to enhance embryo development or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo splitting. Evaluating the impact(s) of different micromanipulation techniques on epigenetics of the embryo and considering quality control during these techniques are important issues in this regard. This review aims to discuss the micromanipulation of cleavage-stage embryos in clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Abbreviations: ART: assisted reproductive technology; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; PZD: partial zona dissection; ZP: zona pellucida; SUZI: subzonal insemination; PVS: perivitelline space; AH: assisted hatching; LAH: laserassisted hatching; ZT: zona thinning; UV: ultraviolet; IR: infrared; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; NGS: next generation sequencing; QC: quality control; QA: quality assurance     

The quality properties and saturated and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of quail egg: the alterations of fatty acids with process effects

The nutritional composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, available carbohydrates, total lipids), energy value, some quality characteristics (yolk weight, albumen weight and shell weight), cholesterol level and fatty acid profiles of quail egg were determined (p<0.01). The protein content of quail egg was higher than laying hen's egg. The fatty acid composition of quail egg yolk consisted of 24 fatty acids including saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0), monounsaturated fatty acids (C15:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:1n9, C18:1n7, C22:1n9, C24:1) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:2n6t, C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:2, C20:3n6, C20:3n3, C20:4n6, C22:2, C20:5n3, C22:6n3). The total cholesterol level of quail egg was found to be 73.45±1.07 mg/100 g. Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) (10.28%), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) (1.92%) and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) (0.63%) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid content of quail egg yolk, whereas oleic acid (C18:1n9c) was the major monounsaturated fatty acid comprising 26.71% in the yolk. The palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) levels were 16.62% and 6.89%, respectively. Total omega-3 was detected as 1.16% in raw egg whereas it was 0.82% in soft-boiled (rafadan) egg. The polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid proportion was 0.58 and 0.64 for raw and processed yolk, respectively.     

Hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users in Bavaria: risk factors for seropositivity

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the most common disease among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Patients and method: All patients admitted to the detoxification unit 1991–1997 and meeting ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid dependency were tested for anti-HCV serology. Results: Thousand and forty nine patients were included in the study. About 61.3% of the IDUs were anti-HCV positive. Increasing age (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.34–1.60), living with a significant other drug user (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), history of therapy (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50–1.74), history of imprisonment (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61), history of emergency treatment (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), additional daily consumption of benzodiazepines (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–2.21) or alcohol (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14–1.38), frequency of injecting heroin (daily: PR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; previously: PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) and type of opioid dependency (methadone: PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41) were significant factors, considered as individual factors, for positive anti-HCV serology. Using multiple logistic regression we found that older age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30–9.67), longer duration of opioid use (OR: 5.74; 95% CI: 1.82–18.13), living with a significant other drug user (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01–2.16), history of therapy (OR: 4.87; 95% CI: 1.67–14.20), history of imprisonment (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.12–3.28), history of emergency treatment (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and additional daily consumption of alcohol (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04–2.13) remained independently associated with positive anti-HCV serology. Conclusions: These data support the need for early prevention strategies, namely, education of teachers in schools and further training of counsellors informing IDUs of what they can do to minimise the risk of becoming infected or of transmitting infectious agents to others.     

Morphometric analysis of sperm used for IVP by three different separation methods with spatial light interference microscopy

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to characterize sperm populations resulting from three different methods of sperm selection used for bovine in vitro fertilization. We compared sperm selection with discontinuous Percoll gradients, Swim-Up, and electro-channel. Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the spermatozoa and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was used to evaluate the motility behavior of the sperm. Using these two technologies, we analyzed morphometric parameters and the kinetic (motility) patterns of frozen-thawed Holstein bull spermatozoa after sperm selection. For the first time, we have shown that these methods used to select viable spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization (IVF) result in very different sperm subpopulations. Almost every parameter evaluated resulted in statistical differences between treatment groups. One novel observation was that the dry mass of the sperm head is heavier in spermatozoa selected with the electro-channel than in sperm selected by the other methods. These results show the potential of SLIM microscopy in reproductive biology.

Abbreviations: SLIM: spatial light interference microscopy; CASA: computer aided sperm analysis; IVF: in vitro fertilization; BSA: bovine serum albumin; QPI: quantitative phase imaging; IVEP: in vitro embryo production; IACUC: institutional animal care and use committee; CSS: Certified Semen Services; AI: artificial insemination; TALP: Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate; MEC: medium for electro-channel; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; EC: electro-channel; TM, %: total motility; PM, %: progressive motility; RM, %: percentage of rapid sperm motility; VAP, μm/s: average path velocity; VSL, μm/s: straight-line velocity; VCL, μm/s: curvilinear velocity; ALH, μm: amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF, Hz: beat cross frequency; STR, %: straightness; LIN, %: and linearity; GLS: generalized least squares; ANOVA: analysis of variance; LSD: Least Significant Difference; SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; PCA: principal components analysis     

Consistent Iodine Status Assessment in Chinese Adults by Different Spot Urinary Iodine Concentrations in a Day Together With Corresponding Correction Coefficients

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the correction coefficients of different spot urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in a day to predict the early morning UIC, to make the different spot UICs of a day comparable in assessing iodine status in the same population.

Methods: In total, 424 participants aged 18 to 28?years were recruited from Tianjin, China. Three spot urine samples were collected from each participant during three periods of the day (6:30–7:00, 10:00–10:30, and 16:00–16:30). A total of 1272 urine samples were collected. A 24-hour dietary record was reported by each participant for 3 consecutive days.

Results: Both the UICs at 10:00–10:30 and 16:00–16:30 were higher than that at 6:30–7:00 (181.75 or 198.15μg/L vs 157.69?μg/L; all p?<?0.05). Bland-Altman plot showed no good agreements between the other two spot UICs and that at 6:30–7:00 with both Bland-Altman indexes of 7.1%. Correction coefficients used to predict UIC at 6:30–7:00 from the UIC at 10:00–10:30 and 16:00–16:30 were 0.9231 and 0.8592, respectively. The predicted UICs at 6:30–7:00 by using the UIC at 10:00–10:30 and 16:00–16:30 both had no statistically significant difference with the actual UIC at 6:30–7:00 (all p?>?0.05). Bland-Altman plot showed good agreements between the predicted UICs and actual UICs at 6:30–7:00 with both Bland-Altman indexes of 4.5%.

Conclusions: It was reliable to predict the early morning UIC using correction coefficients of other spot UIC of the day, which gave a new idea for standardizing the methodology of surveys assessing iodine status of a population.     

Making IVF more effective through the evolution of prediction models: is prognosis the missing piece of the puzzle?

Assisted reproductive technology has evolved tremendously since the emergence of in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the course of the recent decade, there have been significant efforts in order to minimize multiple gestations, while improving percentages of singleton pregnancies and offering individualized services in IVF, in line with the trend of personalized medicine. Patients as well as clinicians and the entire IVF team benefit majorly from ‘knowing what to expect’ from an IVF cycle. Hereby, the question that has emerged is to what extent prognosis could facilitate toward the achievement of the above goal. In the current review, we present prediction models based on patients’ characteristics and IVF data, as well as models based on embryo morphology and biomarkers during culture shaping a complication free and cost-effective personalized treatment. The starting point for the implementation of prediction models was initiated by the aspiration of moving toward optimal practice. Thus, prediction models could serve as useful tools that could safely set the expectations involved during this journey guiding and making IVF treatment more effective. The aim and scope of this review is to thoroughly present the evolution and contribution of prediction models toward an efficient IVF treatment.

Abbreviations: IVF: In vitro fertilization; ART: assisted reproduction techniques; BMI: body mass index; OHSS: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; eSET: elective single embryo transfer; ESHRE: European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; nDNA: nuclear DNA; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; MBR: multiple birth rates; LBR: live birth rates; SART: Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System; AFC: antral follicle count; GnRH: gonadotrophin releasing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; NPCOS: non-polycystic ovarian syndrome; CE: cost-effectiveness; CC: clomiphene citrate; ORT: ovarian reserve test; EU: embryo–uterus; DET: double embryo transfer; CES: Cumulative Embryo Score; GES: Graduated Embryo Score; CSS: Combined Scoring System; MSEQ: Mean Score of Embryo Quality; IMC: integrated morphology cleavage; EFNB2: ephrin-B2; CAMK1D: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D; GSTA4: glutathione S-transferase alpha 4; GSR: glutathione reductase; PGR: progesterone receptor; AMHR2: anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; sHLA-G: soluble human leukocyte antigen G.