荟生源两种组方对小鼠经口急性毒性实验

目的 评价荟生源两种组方的安全性,评估其临床使用安全性,为功能性食品开发和临床安全用药提供实验依据。方法 将26只SPF级昆明小鼠采用随机数目表法随机分为3组,其中实验组1、实验组2各10只,空白组6只,雌雄各半。实验组1以荟生源0.96 g+生理盐水0.17 ml（按配方1最大溶解度进行配置,有效量接近于成人每日服用量200倍）灌胃、实验组2以荟生源0.4 g+生理盐水0.63 ml（按配方2最大溶解度进行配置,有效量接近于于成人每日标准服用量200倍）,两组实际灌胃量均为0.8 ml;空白组以生理盐水0.8 ml灌胃,灌胃后连续观察7 d。比较3组一般情况、死亡情况、大体解剖及镜下特点。结果 3组小鼠体重、饮水量、活动度均正常,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;实验过程中各组均无小鼠死亡,大体解剖肉眼观察小鼠各脏器均无变性、充血、水肿、坏死等异常现象;镜下对照组小鼠肝脏、肾脏细胞形态、结构、大小均正常,无坏死、无病理性改变。实验组1小鼠肝细胞形态、结构、大小均正常,肝小叶组织结构正常;实验组2中出现1例肝细胞胞浆疏松化。各组所有动物肾组织结构肾小管结构正常,皮质与髓质分界线清楚,无淋巴细胞浸润。结论 荟生源两种组方对小鼠无急性毒性作用,具有较好的安全性。     

杠香乙醇提取物对小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的 研究杠香乙醇提取物对小鼠的急性毒性反应情况,为杠香的临床药用和后续毒理药效研究提供参考。方法 取SPF级昆明种小鼠20只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白组和杠香组,每组10只,雌雄各5只。采用14 d最大给药量法进行小鼠急性毒性实验,杠香组给予小鼠一次性灌胃最大浓度杠香乙醇提取物,空白组给予等量蒸馏水;给药后连续14 d观察小鼠生理反应及行为状态,记录两组小鼠体重变化和进食情况;14 d后解剖小鼠,观察脏器变化,取其脏器切片,HE染色,行组织病理学检查。结果 杠香组小鼠出现活动减少,喜静卧,1 h内全部恢复正常,其他观察指征无明显变化;实验14 d内,两组体重、脏器系数比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但杠香组雌性小鼠给药前后进食量整体较低,雄性小鼠给药前后进食量整体偏高;剖检肉眼观察两组小鼠的肝、心、脾、肺、肾未发现明显损伤情况,组织病理学观察无异常。结论 杠香乙醇提取物未见明显毒性,临床使用安全性较高。     

养心草胶囊调脂作用药效学实验研究

目的：探讨养心草胶囊调血脂的作用，评价该药凋血脂作用的有效性，为进一步开发成防治高脂血症的中药新药提供一定的科学实验依据。方法：将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组，每组10只。1组大鼠为正常组，不做处理；2-6组大鼠给高脂乳剂灌胃10d，造成高脂血症模型后，分别设：高脂模型对照组、山楂精降脂片阳性对照组、养心草胶囊高、中、低剂量组。造模第11d起，各组动物上午继续给高脂乳剂，下午高脂模型对照组给饮用水，其他分别给山楂精降脂片5，4mg／kg、养心草胶囊0．54g／ks（高剂量）、0．27g／ks（中剂量）、0．14g／ks（低剂量），连续10d。第21天大鼠禁食不禁水16h后，眼眶采血测定：血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C及其亚组分HDL2-C、HDL3-C，同时测定载脂蛋白apoAⅠ、apoB和脂质代谢酶LCAT和LPL活性，并计算HDL-C／TC的比值。     

山楂叶黄酮调节p38 MAPK/STAT3信号通路对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨山楂叶黄酮（HLF）调节p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）/信号转导和转录激活子3(STAT3信号通路对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）大鼠炎症反应的影响。方法 将SD雌性大鼠随机分为CK组、model组、HLF-L组、HLF-H组、阳性对照组、激活剂组,每组12只。除CK组外,其他组大鼠均采用颈背部皮下注射脱氢表雄酮构建PCOS大鼠模型,建模成功后进行相应药物,每天灌胃1次,持续4周。H-E染色观察各组大鼠卵巢情况;免疫组化法检测大鼠卵巢肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素（IL）-6表达;放射免疫法检测各组大鼠血清空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）;使用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测大鼠血清黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）、TNF-α、IL-6、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平;通过western blot法检测大鼠卵巢组织中p38 MAPK/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与CK组比较,model组大鼠卵巢出现较多闭锁卵泡,囊性扩张性卵泡明显增多,卵巢组织的TNF-α、...     

经鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮对老年大鼠骨骼肌的改善作用

目的:探讨经鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮对老年大鼠骨骼肌生理功能和形态结构的改善作用.方法:老年雄性大鼠经鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮12周,利用倾斜面实验和水平绳实验观察大鼠的行为变化;H-E染色显示大鼠肱二头肌的形态变化.结果:老年大鼠鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮对体质量无明显影响;老年大鼠连续2d的倾斜面下滑角度减小,50°角下滑次数增加,水平绳悬挂时间缩短,鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮后连续2d的倾斜面下滑角度增加,50°角下滑次数减少,水平绳悬挂时间延长;老年大鼠单位面积内肱二头肌肌细胞间隔的比例增多,鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮后单位面积内肱二头肌肌细胞间隔的比例减少.结论:鼻腔给予丙酸睾丸酮可以提高老年大鼠的平衡反应能力和肌张力,增加肱二头肌肌细胞面积,对老年大鼠肌细胞的生理功能及形态结构起到一定的保护作用,为鼻腔应用丙酸睾丸酮治疗老化过程引起的肌肉减少症提供实验依据.     

微波对深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠感染创面抗菌作用的实验研究

目的了解微波对深Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠感染创面的抗菌作用。方法采用120只Wistar健康清洁级大白鼠,雌雄不限,随机分为3组,每组40只大鼠,A组为生理盐水（NS）对照组,B组红外线照射治疗组,C组微波照射实验组。每组又分5个时相点,每时相点8只大鼠。建立大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤感染实验模型,3组大鼠创面分别应用NS、红外线及微波照射行包扎疗法,于造模后1d、3d、5d、7d、10d5个时相点进行创面痂下细菌计数、组织活检、血培养及创面愈合情况分析。结果C组微波照射治疗,各时相点痂下细菌计数与A组相比明显减少,C组痂下细菌计数与B组比较,1d、10d时相点P〈0.05,3d、5d、7d时相点P〈0.01,与A组比较,各时相点均为P〈0.01。C组创面上皮增生活跃,愈合快,各项检测指标及疗效明显优于A组,优于或近似于B组。结论微波用于实验烫伤大鼠深Ⅱ度感染创面抗菌作用强,促进愈合。     

失神经对大鼠面肌NT-3 mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的 检测神经营养素3(neurotrophin-3,NT-3)mRNA在大鼠的面肌和失神经的面肌内的表达。方法离断大鼠面神经的下颌缘支和颊支制备面神经损伤模型。在损伤后的第7天,采用RT-PCR技术检测NT-3mRNA在面肌和失神经的面肌内表达。结果 失神经的面肌未检测到NT-3mRNA,有神经支配的面肌内有NT-3mRNA的表达。结论 NT-3mRNA在靶器官的表达可能是受其支配的神经控制。     

山岗橐吾碱对实验大鼠的急性肝毒性

吡咯里西啶生物碱是一类分布广泛的天然有毒生物碱的总称,广泛存在于多种高等植物中。研究显示约50种中草药如齿叶橐吾、千里光、紫草等含有该类成分,其危害主要引起肝静脉闭塞、肝细胞纤维化,因而也称为肝毒吡咯里西啶生物碱（HPAs）。     

几种因素对大鼠再生肝摄取氨基酸能力的影响——离体肝灌流的实验研究

本实验选用大鼠肝部分切除后24小时的残余肝离体灌流,研究了四种因素对残余肝摄取氨基酸能力的影响。结果表明:1.肝部分切除后24小时,残余肝摄取氨基酸的量增加。肝脏摄取氨基酸能力的增强依赖于肝细胞蛋白质合成的增加。在一定范围内,肝脏摄取氨基酸的量随肝切除量的增加而增多。2.胰岛素能促进残余肝摄取氨基酸,高血糖素无此作用,但高血糖素与胰岛素联合施用则使残余肝摄取氨基酸的能力进一步增强。3.大鼠再生肝提取液中含有某种能促进残余肝摄取氨基酸的物质。     

疏肝化瘀养阴清肺方对CVA大鼠IL-6、IL-8的实验研究

探讨疏肝化瘀养阴清肺方(以下简称疏肝方)对咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)大鼠IL-6、IL-8的影响.SD大鼠50只,建立咳嗽变异性哮喘模型,随机分组.各组采取相应的处理方法,检测大鼠模型血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)的水平.结果表明:疏肝化瘀、养阴清肺方能有效降低大鼠哮喘模型血清及BALF中IL-6、IL-8的水平.     

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of Chantaleela Recipe in Rats

Acute and subchronic toxicities of Chantaleela recipe were studied in both male and female rats. Oral administration of the extract at a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (5 females, 5 males) did not produce signs of toxicity, behavioral changes, mortality or differences on gross appearance of internal organs. The subchronic toxicity was determined by oral feeding the test substance at the doses of 600, 1,200 and 2,400 mg/kg body weight for 90 days (10 females, 10 males). No signs of abnormalities were observed in the test groups as compared to the controls. The test and control groups (on the 90^th day) and the satellite group (on the 118^th day) were analyzed by measuring their final body and organ weights, taking necropsy, and examining hematological parameters, blood clinical chemistry and histopathology features. The results suggest that Chantaleela recipe did not cause acute or subchronic oral toxicities to female and male rats.     

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Tud-Rak-Ka-Sai-Puu Recipe in Rats

Acute and subchronic toxicities of Tud-Rak-Ka-Sai-Puu (TR) recipe were studied in male and female rats. After 14 days of a single oral administration of test substance (5,000 mg/kg body weight), measurement of the body and organs weights, necropsy and health monitoring were performed. No signs and differences in the weights and behavior were observed relative to the control rats, suggesting that TR recipe in the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight does not produce acute toxicity. The subchronic toxicity was determined by oral feeding in male and female rats daily with the test substance at 2, 20, 200 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. No defects of animal behavior were observed in the test groups. Both test and control groups (on the 90^th day) as well as the satellite group (on the 118^th day) were analyzed by measuring their final body and organ weights, taking necropsy, and examining hematology, blood clinical chemistry, and microanatomy. These results together with the information of signs, behavior and health monitoring can lead to a conclusion that an oral administration of TR recipe at 2, 20, 200 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 90 days did not cause subchronic toxicity.     

Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies of the Water Extract from Dried Fruits of Terminalia Bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. IN Spargue-Dawley Rats

Acute and chronic toxicities of the water extract from the dried fruits of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. were assessed in both female and male rats. For the study of acute toxicity, a single oral administration of the water extract at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (10 female, 10 male) was performed and the results showed no signs of toxicity such as general behavior changes, morbidity, mortality, changes on gross appearance or histopathological changes of the internal organs of rats. The study of chronic toxicity was determined by oral feeding both female and male rats (10 female, 10 male) daily with the test substance at the dose of 300, 600 and 1,200 mg/kg body weight continuously for 270 days. The examinations of signs of toxicity showed no abnormalities in the test groups compared to the controls. In addition, these rats were analyzed for final body and organ weights, necropsy, as well as hematological, blood chemical and histopathological parameters. Taken together, the water extract from the dried fruits of T. bellerica did not cause acute or chronic toxicities in either female or male rats.     

一起亚硝酸盐污染自来水管网的急性中毒暴发事件调查

目的寻找及分析因井水亚硝酸盐污染自来水管网导致中毒暴发事件的原因。方法根据流行病学调查、环境卫生现场调查资料和水质检验结果分析事故。结果事故工厂生产工艺需用大量亚硝酸钠和水,生产区有一工业用井水,生产区内井水亚硝酸钠严重超标,井水管道与镇自来水管网相通,事故原因是井水亚硝酸钠污染自来水引起的19例人员亚硝酸盐中毒。结论工厂违反饮用水卫生规范要求,擅自将井水管道与镇自来水管网相连接,有关部门缺乏对工厂饮用水安全的检查。     

Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of the Ethanol Extract from Antidesma Acidum Retz.

Toxicity tests of 95% ethanol extract of the root of Antidesma acidum were studied in male and female rats. The oral acute toxicity test at 5,000 mg/kg revealed that the ethanol extract did not produce toxic effects on signs, general behavious, mortality and gross appearance of internal organs of rats. Furthermore, the oral sub-acute toxicity test at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day displayed no significant changes in body and internal organs'' weights, normal hematological and clinical blood chemistry values. Histological examination also showed normal architecture of all internal organs. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Antidesma acidum did not produce any toxicity in oral acute and suba-cute toxicity studies.     

草酸铂腹腔化疗腹膜急慢性反应的动物研究

目的:探讨草酸铂腹腔化疗所致腹膜炎样症状的原因。方法:本实验以小鼠草酸铂腹腔灌注模型作为研究对象,随机分成6组,每组16只,分别接受:A组(对照组):每只小鼠腹腔内注射5%葡萄糖注射液1 mL。B组(低浓度组):每只小鼠腹腔内注射浓度为250μg/mL的奥沙力铂葡萄糖溶液1 mL。C组(高浓度组):每只小鼠腹腔内注射浓度为500μg/mL的奥沙力铂葡萄糖溶液1 mL。处理后24小时用颈椎脱臼法处死三组各8只小鼠,解剖并观察腹膜急性炎症反应:一、腹水:按量及外观分别记为1(无)、2(中等量或外观混浊)、3(大量或外观血性);二、腹膜充血和渗出:观察脏层及壁层腹膜充血和渗出记为1(无明显充血和渗出)、2(明显充血但无渗出)、3(明显充血伴非血性渗出)、4(局部出血)。三、组织病理学指标:取局部充血较明显的脏层或壁层腹膜标本,经10%甲醛溶液浸泡固定,HE染色后显微镜下观察炎症反应程度并记为1(每高倍镜视野内少于10个炎细胞侵润)、2(每高倍镜视野内多于10个炎细胞侵润或伴纤维素渗出)、3(炎症伴出血)。三组剩余的小鼠于处理后一月用颈椎脱臼法处死,解剖并观察腹膜慢性炎症反应:一、大体观:按腹膜有无增厚、肠系膜有无粘...     

Toxicity Studies of the Water Extract from the Calyces of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. in Rats

Acute and chronic toxicities of the water extract from calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were studied in male and female rats. After 14 days of a single oral administration of test substance 5,000 mg/kg body weight, measurement of the body and organ weights, necropsy and health monitoring were performed. No signs and differences of the weights or behaviour compared to the control rats were observed. The results indicated that the single oral administration of H. sabdariffa extract in the amount of 5,000 mg/kg body weight does not produce acute toxicity. The chronic toxicity was determined by oral feeding both male and female rats daily with the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight for 270 days. The examinations of signs, animal behaviour and health monitoring showed no defects in the test groups compared to the control groups. Both test and control groups (day 270th) and satellite group (day 298th) were analysed by measuring their final body and organ weights, taking necropsy, and examining haematology, blood clinical chemistry, and microanatomy. Results showed no differences from the control groups. Overall, our study demonstrated that an oral administration of H. sabdariffa extract at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 270 days does not cause chronic toxicity in rat.     

肺癌特异性靶向多肽的131I标记及其对小鼠的急性毒性试验

目的:探讨肺癌特异性靶向小分子多肽的131I标记方法,观察131I标记多肽及未修饰多肽静脉注射小鼠后的急性毒性试验.方法:小分子多肽的氨基酸序列为cNGQGEQc,在固相合成多肽的过程中直接完成多肽与酪氨酸的偶联,然后采用氯胺-T法进行多肽的131I标记.取72只小鼠,分为3组,每组24只小鼠,第一组和第二组分别为经腹腔注入50μg/0.7ml未修饰多肽cNGQGEQc和18.5MBq/0.7ml 标记多肽131I-cNGQGEQc溶液,第三组为经腹腔注射0.7ml生理盐水.给药后分别观察各组小鼠的急性毒性反应.结果:与生理盐水对照组相比较,腹腔注入未修饰多肽cNGQGEQc组和131I-cNGQGEQc多肽组小鼠全部成活,一般状态正常,体重增长,未见明显急性毒副反应.结论:未修饰多肽及131I标记多肽经腹腔途径给药后,在小鼠体内没有引起明显的急性毒副反应.     

Antihyperglycemic Effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum (Fenugreek) Seed Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Its Use in Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Qualitative Phytochemical and Acute Toxicity Test on the Extract

The effects of ethanol extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) seeds on the blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at different doses (2g/kg, 1g/kg, 0.5g/kg and 0.1g/kg) were studied. The hypoglycemic effect of extract was compared with that of the standard antidiabetic drug (glimepiride, 4mg/kg) single dose. The extract showed significant activity against the diabetic state induced by alloxan but the intensity of hypoglycemic effect varied from dose to dose. The most effective dose recognized was 1g/kg but that is still lower than the standard antidiabetic drug. No acute toxicity was observed for ethanol extract of T. foenum-graecum seed when it was administered orally at high dose level (3 g/kg body weight), which is higher than effective antihyperglycemic dose, and closely observed for 24 hrs for any mortality and next 10 days for any delayed toxic effects on gross behavioral activities. Phytochemical group tests were also accomplished and presence of alkaloids, steroids and carbohydrates were recognized in the extract.