基于无线充电技术的胃肠电刺激系统

目的设计一种新型的植入式胃肠道刺激系统,不仅具有刺激功能,还具有肠电和压力检测功能,可用于检测胃肠道刺激的效果,同时增加无线能量供给,以实现刺激器的长期植入。方法系统由体内刺激模块、体外控制模块及无线能量传输模块组成。体外控制模块通过无线射频将控制信号传输到体内刺激模块,体内刺激模块的能量由体外能量发射装置通过电磁耦合进行供给。通过生物反馈控制检测不同刺激参数对胃肠道收缩活动的作用效果,实时调整刺激参数,输出需要的刺激脉冲。以模拟心电信号模拟肠电信号,进行了相关的体外实验。结果在体外实验中,系统可有效检测到2—20次／min的模拟心电信号,并实现实时刺激参数修改输出不同的刺激脉冲。该系统实现了电流检测功能,监测作用部分的胃肠电阻。经皮无线能量在两级线圈轴向距离为22mm时的接收充电稳定功率最大为0．93W,体内锂离子的充电电流为180～240mA。结论系统可检测到最大变化范围的模拟肠电信号。验证电流的作用效应为后续的恒流刺激模式提供参考。该系统的无线充电功能可满足植入式刺激器长期植入的能量需求。     

Implantable radio-telemetry system for monitoring animal physiological parameters based on wireless power transmission technology

目的 为长期连续监测动物生理参数,设计并实现了一种基于无线能量传输技术的植入式遥测系统.方法 系统由无线能量传输设备、植入式微型电子胶囊、数据记录仪、数据处理软件组成.胶囊尺寸为13.06 mm×30.90 mm,重6.38 g,功耗约150 mW.结果 模拟实验验证了该植入式遥测系统能够监测心电、体温和血压.选用新西兰兔进行活体实验,测得体温范围为37.2～37.3℃,基线噪声为0.1℃,血压范围为74～83 mmHg,基线噪声为3 mmHg.结论 模拟实验和动物活体实验证明基于无线能量传输技术的植入式动物生理参数遥测系统能够比较准确地监测动物的心电、体温和血压等参数.     

基于无线能量传输技术的植入式动物生理参数遥测系统

目的 为长期连续监测动物生理参数,设计并实现了一种基于无线能量传输技术的植入式遥测系统.方法 系统由无线能量传输设备、植入式微型电子胶囊、数据记录仪、数据处理软件组成.胶囊尺寸为13.06 mm×30.90 mm,重6.38 g,功耗约150 mW.结果 模拟实验验证了该植入式遥测系统能够监测心电、体温和血压.选用新西兰兔进行活体实验,测得体温范围为37.2～37.3℃,基线噪声为0.1℃,血压范围为74～83 mmHg,基线噪声为3 mmHg.结论 模拟实验和动物活体实验证明基于无线能量传输技术的植入式动物生理参数遥测系统能够比较准确地监测动物的心电、体温和血压等参数.     

人工肛门括约肌经皮能量传输系统研究

针对现有人工肛门括约肌系统无供能装置或供能装置更换可能引发感染等问题,本文提出了电磁谐振耦合的无线供能方法,对人工肛门括约肌系统进行非接触的经皮无线供能.本文在对能量传输电路、发送接收线圈参数研究基础上,提出通过选择SRC电路作为发射、接收端耦合电路以增大铁芯耦合面积,从而提高发射及接收线圈Q值,进而提高能量传输效率.实验结果表明,使用G25磁芯线圈进行电磁耦合,当两线圈轴向距离为10mm时,能量传输效率可高于60%,可保证人工肛门括约肌系统的正常工作.     

一种用于体内诊疗装置的无线能量传输方案

针对体内的诊疗装置的能量供给问题,笔者提出了一种无线能量传输的方案;同时还设计了一套可进行无线能量传输的装置.实验结果表明,用该装置能够有效地进行能量的无线传输.     

人体生理参数采集系统中无线通信模块设计

目的：基于智能终端的移动医疗技术已成为平时医疗健康监护研究的一个热点。相对于传统的医疗设备系统,智能终端的移动医疗技术是一种低生理、心理负荷技术,智能终端的移动医疗系统具有体积小、成本低、功耗小、携带方便等突出特点。为了保证人体生理参数采集系统中采集到的生理参数可靠有效的传输到智能终端,本文设计了生理参数采集系统中数据无线传输模块。方法：该无线通信模块利用蓝牙传输方式,主要包括微处理器外围电路及蓝牙芯片外围电路设计。同时,考虑到性能和数据吞吐率水平以及传输协议执行时的软件开销。所以人体生理信号采集系统中的蓝牙模块的主机控制接口采用的是UART接口。结果：同时为了验证该模块的功能,利用该模块对FLUKE多参数模拟仪MPS450模拟的人体呼吸信号进行了发送传输,并且利用智能终端对发送的数据进行接收。结论：经试验测试表明,整个电路设计合理、工作正常,能准确发送人体生理参数采集系统中采集到的人体生理参数数据。所以该无线通信模块可以满足基于智能终端人体生理参数采集系统的需求。     

可穿戴式无线心电监测仪的研究现状

可穿戴式无线心电监测仪是一种新型的心电监护设备，其中蕴涵了大量新颖的设计理念。它的出现体现了家庭社区医疗的快速发展。文章重点介绍了可穿戴式无线心电监测仪的构造及其几项关键技术，如可穿戴技术、无线传输技术（第一步：蓝牙传输；第二步：GPRS传输）、GPS定位技术，总结了当前的主要研究结果和产品应用，以及可穿戴式医疗仪器在军事和家庭社区保健两个领域的发展方向。     

植入式无线能量传输系统

目的提出一种适用于植入式医疗设备的无线供电系统,引入磁谐振耦合供能的方法,并通过建立理论线圈仿真模型计算线圈尺寸与谐振频率,有效解决植入式装置无线供电距离远、尺寸小等难题,使植入式装置可无需更换电池而终生使用。方法首先通过MATLAB仿真耦合谐振线圈模型以及无线能量传输模型,并计算出满足条件的最优线圈设计。然后依据仿真结果制作发射线圈与接收线圈,设计植入式无线供电实际硬件系统,使系统在限定的距离等条件下有最优的传输效率。结果仿真算法能有效描述磁耦合谐振,计算与测量可以得到Q、L的理论与实际的平均相对误差E_Q=5.34%、E_L=4.42%,为实际供电系统的设计提供了参考依据。设计实现了适合于医疗植入的微型供电系统,增加了传输距离。该方案采用线圈大对小设计,植入部分尺寸仅有18 mm,体外线圈直径85mm,实际最高传输效率达到16.20%,80 mm距离可以供能2.642 m W。结论该仿真算法可为耦合谐振设计提供参考,为植入式医疗系统提供一种新的设计方案。     

随行生理监护系统设计及性能初步验证

为实现住院患者连续生命体征监测,研制了随行生理参数监护系统SensEcho。该系统由随行生理参数监测终端、无线组网和数据传输单元、中央监护系统三部分组成。其中随行生理参数监测终端为一件柔性背心,内嵌有呼吸感应体积描记传感器和织物心电电极,实现心电、呼吸、体位和体动等基本生理参数的穿戴式低负荷监测;无线生理信号传输单元为基于WiFi技术的组网系统,能够实现病区内多个患者的移动监护,并设计有多重数据续传和数据完整性保障机制;中央监护系统实现所有随行生理参数监测终端数据的显示和患者集中管理,设计有后台数据服务器和算法服务器,支持医疗大数据深度挖掘分析应用。为验证系统性能,我们开展了生理参数检测算法有效性和受试者可靠性测试,以及无线组网和数据传输可靠性测试。测试结果显示,系统无论在基本生理参数监测还是无线数据传输方面都能达到可靠性要求。该系统在医疗领域的应用有望开启个体化连续生命体征监护医疗新模式,为疾病诊断提供基于连续动态生理数据分析的精准信息。     

磁耦合谐振无线能量传输系统头部植入线圈对人体头部电磁辐射影响的研究

磁耦合谐振无线能量传输(Witricity)是一种新的无线能量传输技术,利用电磁耦合谐振原理实现中距离的电能无线传输,可定向传输能量,并且不受中间障碍物的影响,在体内植入器件领域具有很好的应用前景。本研究设计制作了一种适用于植入器件的小尺寸无线能量传输系统,通过MIMICS及HFSS软件分别建立人体头部三维数值模型以及体内植入线圈模型,应用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过XFDTD软件计算头部比吸收率(SAR)及电场磁场强度。结果表明,应用Witricity技术对头部植入器件进行能量传输,人体头部10 gSAR平均值为9.262 7×10-6W/kg,电场磁场强度均方根最大值分别为4.64 V/m和0.057 A/m,均低于国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)制定的安全限值标准。     

A new hermetic antenna for wireless transmission systems of implantable medical devices

In implantable medical devices (IMDs), the need of telemetry systems able to provide wireless bidirectional communication to interrogate and remotely program the device, as well as to monitor the physiological status of the patient, is growing. The object of the present study was to evaluate a new hermetic antenna for wireless short-range transmission system for IMDs which would assure reliable long-term functioning due to the high level of hermeticity of antenna's housing that limits the influence of body tissue environment on transmitted signals. Experimental tests were conducted on three different prototypes to evaluate the most efficient antenna configuration for transmission both in the air and through a mixture simulating the human thorax. Further tests were performed to assess the influence of electro-catheters connected to IMDs on transmitted signals. Results showed that the hermetic antenna guarantees a good wireless transmission both in the air and through the human thorax simulator. The results also show that the presence of an electro-catheter can influence the effective radiated power (ERP) transmitted depending on its position in relation to the telemetric circuitry. Both a controlled increase of the ERP without exceeding the limits imposed by rules and the optimization of the tuning between the antenna and the transmitter can assure a reliable short-range transmission (several meters) using the new hermetic antenna proposed.     

A flexible super-capacitive solid-state power supply for miniature implantable medical devices

We present a high-energy local power supply based on a flexible and solid-state supercapacitor for miniature wireless implantable medical devices. Wireless radio-frequency (RF) powering recharges the supercapacitor through an antenna with an RF rectifier. A power management circuit for the super-capacitive system includes a boost converter to increase the breakdown voltage required for powering device circuits, and a parallel conventional capacitor as an intermediate power source to deliver current spikes during high current transients (e.g., wireless data transmission). The supercapacitor has an extremely high area capacitance of ~1.3 mF/mm², and is in the novel form of a 100 μm-thick thin film with the merit of mechanical flexibility and a tailorable size down to 1 mm² to meet various clinical dimension requirements. We experimentally demonstrate that after fully recharging the capacitor with an external RF powering source, the supercapacitor-based local power supply runs a full system for electromyogram (EMG) recording that consumes ~670 μW with wireless-data-transmission functionality for a period of ~1 s in the absence of additional RF powering. Since the quality of wireless powering for implantable devices is sensitive to the position of those devices within the RF electromagnetic field, this high-energy local power supply plays a crucial role in providing continuous and reliable power for medical device operations.     

基于无线能量传输技术的植入式三路心电遥测系统

目的 为全方位监测心电信号并弥补单一导联心电检测的不足,设计并实现了一种基于无线能量传输技术的植入式三路心电遥测系统.方法 系统由无线能量传输设备供能,植入式微型电子胶囊检测心电信号,数据记录仪无线接收数据并由数据处理软件处理.直流供电下分别采用模拟心电信号、正弦信号、方波信号通过模拟实验验证了系统的性能.无线供能下信号线屏蔽后并埋在猪肉中进行体外实验.结果 模拟实验胶囊能够采集三种信号,体外实验测得有噪声的信号波形.结论 直流供电下胶囊正常工作,无线供能下猪肉对磁场有一定程度的屏蔽作用.     

植入式人工肛门括约肌系统的实现及动物实验***

背景：研制新型的符合人体生理需求的人工肛门括约肌系统具有十分重要的意义。 目的：设计一种新型植入式人工肛门括约肌系统。 方法：利用无线通讯模块和压力传感器重建排便控制机制,并由经皮能量传输模块供电,采用机电系统模拟人体自然器官的功能,最终实现人体肛门括约肌的控制效果。 结果与结论：设计并实现了一种新型的植入式人工肛门括约肌系统,在重建排便机制和模型的基础上,一定程度上恢复肛门失禁患者的生物反馈控制能力,并带有经皮能量传输模块,为体内系统长期无缆式供电提供可能。该系统实现了植入式动物实验,完成了系统植入可行性和基本功能验证。 关键词：人工肛门括约肌;生物反馈控制;经皮能量传输;植入式动物实验;数字化医学  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.13.013     

A wireless power transmission system for implantable devices in freely moving rodents

Reliable wireless power delivery for implantable devices in animals is highly desired for safe and effective experimental use. Batteries require frequent replacement; wired connections are inconvenient and unsafe, and short-distance inductive coupling requires the attachment of an exterior transmitter to the animal’s body. In this article, we propose a solution by which animals with implantable devices can move freely without attachments. Power is transmitted using coils attached to the animal’s cage and is received by a receiver coil implanted in the animal. For a three-dimensionally uniform delivery of power, we designed a columnar dual-transmitter coil configuration. A resonator-based inductive link was adopted for efficient long-range power delivery, and we used a novel biocompatible liquid crystal polymer substrate as the implantable receiver device. Using this wireless power delivery system, we obtain an average power transfer efficiency of 15.2 % (minimum efficiency of 10 % and a standard deviation of 2.6) within a cage of 15 × 20 × 15 cm³.     

A wireless power transmission system for an active capsule endoscope for colon inspection

Multipurpose active capsule endoscopes (ACE) have drawn considerable attention in recent years, but these devices continue to suffer from energy limitations. In order to deliver stable and sufficient energy safely, a wireless power transmission system based on inductive coupling is presented. The system consists of a double-layer solenoid pair primary coil outside and a multiple secondary coils inside the body. At least 500 mW usable power can be transmitted under the worst geometrical conditions and the safety restraints in a volume of Φ13 × 13 mm. The wireless power transmission system is integrated to an ACE and applied in animal experiments. The designed wireless power transmission is proved to be feasible and potentially safe in a future application.     

Methods of energy generation from the human body: a literature review

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review available methods of utilising the human body to obtain energy during the course of daily life activities, without interference with an individual’s lifestyle. The number of individuals with health issues requiring assistance from external or internal health-aiding devices is rapidly increasing. Battery life associated with these devices is currently a major limitation. Currently, medical devices that depend on batteries (i.e., implantable devices) require constant battery monitoring. Development of implantable devices with rechargeable batteries is, therefore, essential. Technologies that can capture energy from the human body can be developed, with different organs, systems, and activities having the potential to be utilised to generate energy. This energy source can act as an alternative to conventional batteries. This study provides an overview of various methods for obtaining energy from the human body. These methods are summarised, compared and analysed. The best results achieved (in terms of power output) are compared and listed.