流动人口育龄妇女孕产期保健服务利用及其影响因素分析

目的：了解流动人口育龄妇女孕产期保健服务利用状况及其影响因素。方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法,以现场随机拦截访问的形式对江东区669名流动人口育龄妇女进行问卷调查,对建立产检情况、第一次产检时间、产检次数、孕产期保健知识指导和接受产后上门访视分别进行了单因素分析和多因素log istic分析。结果：流动人口育龄妇女的孕产期保健服务利用状况在不同文化程度之间存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）,不同收入水平的育龄妇女产检率虽无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但在第一次产检时间及产检次数上存在显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论：流动人口妇女的文化程度及收入水平是孕产期保健服务利用的主要影响因素,应重点加强流动人口妇女孕产期保健知识的宣传教育,提高医疗保障水平,降低收费水平,为流动人口孕产妇提供便捷的孕产期保健服务。     

佛山市某区1岁以下流动儿童保健服务利用与其母亲孕产期保健服务的相关性研究

目的 探讨1岁以下流动儿童保健服务利用与其母亲孕产期保健服务的相关性,为进一步提高流动儿童保健服务利用提出建议。方法 采用横断面调查,选取佛山市某区1岁以下流动儿童母亲579名为对象,对其进行面对面的问卷调查,利用二分类Logistic分析儿童系统管理与其母亲孕产期保健服务利用的相关性。结果 流动儿童保健服务利用现状为:儿童体检率89.1%,儿童系统管理率49.2%;流动儿童母亲孕产期保健服务利用现状为:产前检查率96.0%,孕早期检查率87.5%,≥5次产前检查率61.5%,住院分娩率99.7%,产后访视率37.3%,孕产妇系统管理率22.2%;多因素分析结果显示母亲产后访视、孕产期系统管理分别与儿童系统管理呈正相关(OR=2.017,95%CI=1.339~3.038;OR=1.941,95%CI=1.208~3.119)。结论 流动人口妇幼保健服务全程利用水平相对较低;母亲产后访视和孕产期系统管理是儿童系统管理的促进因素,提示母亲孕产期保健服务利用的改善可能有助于进一步提高儿童保健服务的利用。     

杭州市钱塘区流动孕产妇孕产期保健服务利用现状及相关因素调查分析

目的 探讨杭州市钱塘区流动孕产妇孕产期保健服务利用现状及相关因素。方法 采用便利抽样方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月杭州市钱塘区447例流动孕产妇作为研究对象。采用孕产期保健服务利用情况表对孕产期保健服务利用的现状进行问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨孕产期保健服务利用的影响因素。结果 共发放615份调查问卷,收回587份,回收率为95.45%(587/615)。587例流动孕产妇共有519例(88.42%)建立孕产妇保健卡;447例(76.15%)流动孕产妇初次产检时间<12周;332例(56.56%)流动孕产妇孕期产检次数≥5次;189例(32.20%)流动孕产妇产后访视≥3次。单因素分析结果显示,不同孕妇文化程度、流入地居住时间、医疗保险、生育保险、产次、配偶文化程度及家庭月收入流动孕产妇的孕产期保健服务利用比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,孕妇文化程度低、流入地居住时间<2年是初次产检时间<12周的主要影响因素(P<0.05),无医疗保险、经产妇、配偶文化程度低及家庭月收入低是孕期产检次...     

流动人口孕产妇产前保健服务利用现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解流动人口孕产妇产前保健服务利用情况并分析其影响因素,为改善流动人口孕产妇的产前保健质量、保障其身心健康提供参考。方法 对2018年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测问卷中的6 285名流动人口孕产妇相关数据进行分析,主要分析方法有统计描述、χ2检验、Fisher精确性检验和二元logistic回归分析等。结果 流动人口孕产妇产前建档率为95.1%,产前检查达标率为88.7%。二元logistic回归分析表明,本人文化程度为初中（OR = 0.358,95%CI:0.196～0.654;OR = 0.651,95%CI:0.454～0.933）、家庭月均收入3 000元以下（OR = 0.394,95%CI:0.236～0.660;OR = 0.419,95%CI:0.293～0.597）、未接受过妇幼和生殖健康教育（OR = 0.512,95%CI:0.397～0.659;OR = 0.756,95%CI:0.639～0.893）的流动人口孕产妇产前档案建立情况和产前检查达标情况均较差,配偶文化程度在初中及以下（OR = 0.592,95% CI:0.424～0.827）的孕产妇产前检查达标情况较差;流入东部地区（OR = 1.436,95% CI:1.071～1.925;OR = 1.394,95%CI:1.138～1.708）的孕产妇产前档案建立情况、产前检查达标情况较好,流动范围为跨县流动（OR = 1.481,95%CI:1.106～1.982）的孕产妇产前档案建立情况较好。结论 流动人口孕产妇产前保健服务利用情况相对较好,但仍存在可改善空间,应继续推进基本公共卫生服务均等化,提高产前保健服务质量。     

重庆市项目县农村妇女孕产期保健服务现况调查

[目的]了解重庆市项目县农村地区孕产期保健服务利用的现状,为干预计划的实施提供基线资料.[方法]采用问卷的方法对荣昌县2006年分娩的母亲进行孕产期保健服务的现况调查.[结果]孕产妇产前检查的覆盖率为95.58%.平均产前检查次数为6次,5次及以上产前检查率为62.30%,孕早期(≤12周)检查率为47.44%,首次产检孕周为第13周,住院分娩率为92.07%,剖宫产率为37.04%,产后访视覆盖率为70.20%,3次及以上产后访视率为28.89%.[结论]项目县孕产妇保健服务利用状况仍有不足,有待进一步改善.     

2008 - 2018年四川省农村地区产前检查的变化趋势及影响因素分析

目的 分析2008 - 2018年四川省农村地区产前检查的变化趋势并探讨产前检查的影响因素。方法 数据来源于2013和2018年四川省卫生服务调查，调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法。选取四川省农村地区795名有分娩史的妇女纳入分析，描述2008 - 2018年产前检查的变化趋势，并采用logistic回归模型分析产前检查的影响因素。结果 四川省农村地区产前检查率和产前检查达标率分别由2008 - 2010年的69.8%和30.7%上升到2017 - 2018年的94.3%和82.1%。logistic回归结果显示调查年份（OR = 2.107，95%CI:1.397～3.179）、民族（OR = 0.376，95%CI:0.258～0.547）、文化程度（中学组:OR = 2.124，95%CI:1.316～3.427；大专及以上组:OR = 10.853，95%CI:2.477～47.544）、分娩次数（分娩次数≥3组:OR = 0.331，95%CI:0.188～0.581）、从家到最近医疗机构时长（15～30 min组:OR = 0.553，95%CI:0.371～0.825；≥30 min组:OR = 0.381，95%CI:0.202～0.718）是产前检查达标的影响因素。结论 四川省农村地区2008 - 2018年产前检查水平大幅提高，但仍需提高少数民族、低文化程度、多次分娩和医疗可及性差妇女的产前检查意识，加强农村地区基本公共卫生及医疗卫生服务建设。     

户籍与流动孕产妇妇幼保健教育现状及影响因素分析

目的 分析户籍与流动孕产妇妇幼保健健康教育现状,探索不同特征对孕产妇妇幼保健健康教育的影响,为提升孕产妇妇幼保健水平提供针对性的政策建议。 方法 利用2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查中国内8城市户籍与流动人口对比专题数据,该调查采用多阶段分层PPS抽样原则进行调查。采用描述性分析,χ2检验,logistic回归分析对国内8城市的户籍与流动孕产妇的妇幼保健健康教育情况进行分析。 结果 本研究纳入孕产妇共计820名,户籍和流动孕产妇的妇幼保健健康教育接受率差异较大,分别为83.26%和60.66%,接受方式以宣传资料（纸质、影视）和宣传栏/电子显示屏为主;其中有无子女（OR = 0.382, 95%CI:0.207～0.704, P＜0.01）,国家基本公共卫生服务知晓情况（OR = 0.198, 95%CI:0.105～0.374, P＜0.01）以及健康档案建立情况（OR = 0.237, 95%CI:0.105～0.531, P＜0.01）是流动孕产妇接受妇幼保健健康教育的影响因素;国家基本公共卫生服务知晓情况（OR = 0.156, 95%CI:0.085～0.287, P＜0.01）和健康档案建立情况（OR = 0.260, 95%CI:0.143～0.474, P＜0.01）是户籍孕产妇接受妇幼保健健康教育的影响因素。 结论 政府与基层卫生服务部门应努力破除制度壁垒,促进公共卫生资源利用最大化,以提高户籍与流动孕产妇整体妇幼保健健康水平。     

慈溪市城区159例流动孕妇孕期保健现状

目的 了解流动孕妇孕期保健行为与保健知识需求及其影响因素. 方法 自行编制调查问卷,采用随机方法对来慈溪市城区社区卫生服务中心孕妇保健门诊的159名流动孕妇进行问卷调查. 结果 流动孕妇中孕产期保健服务利用状况在不同文化程度及职业之间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,不同收入水平的流动孕妇在叶酸的服用率、孕3月内第一次产检、按时产检方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但在要求产后访视方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）. 结论 流动孕妇的文化程度及职业是孕期保健知识与保健行为的主要影响因素,应重点根据流动孕妇的文化程度及不同职业多渠道加强流动人口妇女孕产期保健知识的宣传教育,提高孕期保健的认识与依从性,确实保障流动孕妇的母婴健康安全.     

贵阳市母子健康手册使用情况调查与分析

目的 了解贵阳市母子健康手册的使用情况，为其进一步完善提供一定的参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，于2020年12月—2021年3月在贵阳市抽取40家社区卫生服务中心/乡镇卫生院共1 330名女性进行问卷调查，并对可能影响结果的因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 母子健康手册阅读完成率孕前篇为74.29%，孕产期篇为40.11%，儿童篇为38.25%，预防接种篇为50.00%；填写完全率孕前篇为69.52%，孕产期篇为33.24%，儿童篇为42.28%。年龄较大的各篇使用情况较好（β＞0，OR＞1）；受教育程度为大专的女性母子健康手册孕前篇（OR = 3.423，95%CI:1.125～10.395）、孕产期篇（OR = 1.560，95%CI:1.001～2.432）和儿童篇（OR = 1.797，95%CI:1.184～2.725）阅读情况较好，孕前篇（OR = 3.979，95%CI:1.452～10.905）和孕产期篇（OR = 1.831，95%CI:1.155～2.904）填写情况较好；领取地点为社区卫生服务中心的孕前篇（OR = 3.096，95%CI:1.430～6.704）填写情况较好，儿童篇（OR = 0.639，95%CI:0.458～0.892）阅读情况较差。结论 母子健康手册完成度基本较好，但仍有上升空间，可在发放时进行讲解，并采取个性化的指导。     

上海市闵行区流动人口孕产妇保健服务利用及其影响因素分析

目的了解上海市闵行区流动人口孕产妇保健服务利用现状及其影响因素,为制定相关卫生工作政策提供参考依据。方法对511名流动人口孕产妇进行问卷调查,调查内容包括孕产妇基本情况、孕产期保健服务需求和实际利用情况等信息,并与出生信息和病案首页信息匹配。结果 60.89%的孕产妇建立了"孕产妇保健手册",平均产检次数为(6.02±2.53)次,产检次数≥5次者占70.84%;影响孕产期保健服务利用的主要因素有是否建立孕产妇保健手册、人均月收入、子女数、支付产检费用和认为产检费用是否合理。结论加强对流动人口孕产妇的健康宣教,落实保健保障政策,提高服务的可及性,推进基本公共卫生服务均等化。     

Cholera in Haiti and other Caribbean regions, 19th century

Medical journals and other sources do not show evidence that cholera occurred in Haiti before 2010, despite the devastating effect of this disease in the Caribbean region in the 19th century. Cholera occurred in Cuba in 1833-1834; in Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, Nevis, Trinidad, the Bahamas, St. Vincent, Granada, Anguilla, St. John, Tortola, the Turks and Caicos, the Grenadines (Carriacou and Petite Martinique), and possibly Antigua in 1850-1856; and in Guadeloupe, Cuba, St. Thomas, the Dominican Republic, Dominica, Martinique, and Marie Galante in 1865-1872. Conditions associated with slavery and colonial military control were absent in independent Haiti. Clustered populations, regular influx of new persons, and close quarters of barracks living contributed to spread of cholera in other Caribbean locations. We provide historical accounts of the presence and spread of cholera epidemics in Caribbean islands.     

Clinical Update on Nursing Home Medicine: 2013

This is the seventh article in the series of Clinical Updates on Nursing Home Care. The topics covered are antiresorptive drugs, hip fracture, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, depression, undernutrition, anorexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, exercise, pain, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

Evidence-Based Recommendations for an Optimal Prenatal Supplement for Women in the U.S., Part Two: Minerals

The levels of many essential minerals decrease during pregnancy if un-supplemented, including calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, zinc, and possibly chromium and iodine. Sub-optimal intake of minerals from preconception through pregnancy increases the risk of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems. In the U.S., dietary intake of minerals is often below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), especially for iodine and magnesium, and 28% of women develop iron deficiency anemia during their third trimester. The goal of this paper is to propose evidence-based recommendations for the optimal level of prenatal supplementation for each mineral for most women in the United States. Overall, the evidence suggests that optimal mineral supplementation can significantly reduce a wide range of pregnancy complications (including anemia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, hyperthyroidism, miscarriage, and pre-eclampsia) and infant health problems (including anemia, asthma/wheeze, autism, cerebral palsy, hypothyroidism, intellectual disability, low birth weight, neural tube defects, preterm birth, rickets, and wheeze). An evaluation of 180 commercial prenatal supplements found that they varied widely in mineral content, often contained only a subset of essential minerals, and the levels were often below our recommendations. Therefore, there is a need to establish recommendations on the optimal level of mineral supplementation during pregnancy.     

Interdisciplinary health professional education: a historical review

A historical review was conducted to examine the advances made, nationally and internationally, in interdisciplinary health professional education since the mid-1960s. One hundred and nineteen articles were reviewed and divided by decade into the following subheadings: models, courses, communication/group process issues, and international perspectives. Twenty-seven articles, categorized as models, defined the conceptual field, described curriculum and program development, or provided a framework for evaluation.Thirty-two articles dealt with interdisciplinary courses, focusing on objectives, content areas, or innovative methods. Nine articles contributed contenton interdisciplinary communication and group process issues, from which guidelines were abstracted. Fifty-one articles contributed an international perspective, leading to the recognition that interdisciplinary health professional education, practice, and research is a global movement.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Workshop report: Nucleic acid delivery devices for HIV vaccines: Workshop proceedings,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Bethesda, Maryland,USA, May 21, 2015

On May 21st, 2015, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on delivery devices for nucleic acid (NA) as vaccines in order to review the landscape of past and future technologies for administering NA (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) as antigen into target tissues of animal models and humans. Its focus was on current and future applications for preventing and treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, among other infectious-disease priorities. Meeting participants presented the results and experience of representative clinical trials of NA vaccines using a variety of alternative delivery devices, as well as a broader group of methods studied in animal models and at bench top, to improve upon the performance and/or avoid the drawbacks of conventional needle-syringe (N–S) delivery. The subjects described and discussed included (1) delivery targeted into oral, cutaneous/intradermal, nasal, upper and lower respiratory, and intramuscular tissues; (2) devices and techniques for jet injection, solid, hollow, and dissolving microneedles, patches for topical passive diffusion or iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal microporation, nasal sprayers, aerosol upper-respiratory and pulmonary inhalation, stratum-corneum ablation by ultrasound, chemicals, and mechanical abrasion, and kinetic/ballistic delivery; (3) antigens, adjuvants, and carriers such as DNA, messenger RNA, synthesized plasmids, chemokines, wet and dry aerosols, and pollen-grain and microparticle vectors; and (4) the clinical experience and humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses observed for many of these target tissues, technologies, constructs, and carriers. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228112310/https://www.blsmeetings.net/NucleicAcidDeliveryDevices/), which was webcast live in its entirety and archived online (http://videocast.nih.gov/summary.asp?live=16059).     

Special Considerations for Prophylaxis for and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant and Postpartum Women

In August 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in partnership with the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, convened a meeting of national subject matter experts to review key clinical elements of anthrax prevention and treatment for pregnant, postpartum, and lactating (P/PP/L) women. National experts in infectious disease, obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, neonatology, pediatrics, and pharmacy attended the meeting, as did representatives from professional organizations and national, federal, state, and local agencies. The meeting addressed general principles of prevention and treatment for P/PP/L women, vaccines, antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment, clinical considerations and critical care issues, antitoxin, delivery concerns, infection control measures, and communication. The purpose of this meeting summary is to provide updated clinical information to health care providers and public health professionals caring for P/PP/L women in the setting of a bioterrorist event involving anthrax.     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠期高血压疾病病理机制的相关性

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)为妊娠期特有疾病,易造成孕产妇难产、产褥期感染、酮症酸中毒,胎儿窘迫、胎儿畸形甚至胎死宫内等不良妊娠结局。妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)包括妊娠期高血压、子痫前期(preeclampsia)、子痫,以及慢性高血压并发子痫前期和妊娠合并慢性高血压,临床表现为高血压、蛋白尿及水肿,严重影响孕妇体内各脏器功能,是孕产妇及围生儿死亡的主要原因。HDP中子痫前期,尤其是重度子痫前期,是造成新生儿不良妊娠结局的重要原因,通常需要及时剖宫产终止妊娠。近年国内外许多研究已经证实GDM和HDP在内皮功能紊乱、血脂异常、炎症因子、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)等多方面有相关性。现就两种疾病在上述相关性方面进行综述。     

A six country study of young children’s media exposure,logo recognition,and dietary preferences

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Previous research, mainly conducted in developed countries, suggests that marketing and media exposure is associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. This cross-sectional study was done with 2422 children, mean age 5.5 years, SD = .5, from six low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) (Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Russia). The analyses investigated media exposure, logo recognition, and preferences for international foods and beverages, such as globally distributed items like McDonald’s hamburgers and Coca-Cola soft drinks. Overall and in each country, path analysis models showed that media exposure and logo recognition directly and indirectly predicted the selection of international foods and beverages, controlling for child’s sex, age, home location, and parental education. Public health and communication experts must continue to investigate and understand these relationships, so as to inform regulations around food and beverage marketing.     

Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in Great Lakes region of Africa, 1978-2008

Cholera outbreaks have occurred in Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya almost every year since 1977-1978, when the disease emerged in these countries. We used a multiscale, geographic information system-based approach to assess the link between cholera outbreaks, climate, and environmental variables. We performed time-series analyses and field investigations in the main affected areas. Results showed that cholera greatly increased during El Nino warm events (abnormally warm El Ninos) but decreased or remained stable between these events. Most epidemics occurred in a few hotspots in lakeside areas, where the weekly incidence of cholera varied by season, rainfall, fluctuations of plankton, and fishing activities. During lull periods, persistence of cholera was explained by outbreak dynamics, which suggested a metapopulation pattern, and by endemic foci around the lakes. These links between cholera outbreaks, climate, and lake environments need additional, multidisciplinary study.