胸主动脉夹层26例的手术治疗

目的总结26例各型胸主动脉夹层的手术治疗经验。方法2008年8月至2012年6月手术治疗26例胸主动脉夹层患者,男22例,女4例,年龄36～69岁,平均（51．1±12．9）岁。Stanford分型：A型10例,B型16例。A型中行升主动脉及全弓置换加术中象鼻支架植入术6例,Bentall术1例,升主动脉置换术3例;B型中行降主动脉置换术2例,降主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术（EVGE）14例（其中1例2d后再行腹主动脉置换术）。6例全弓置换脑保护采用深低温停循环（DHCA）加上腔静脉逆行灌注（RCP）,1例降主动脉置换下半身供血采用左心转流。术后定期复查CTA。结果10例StandfordA型患者死亡2例（20％）,1例术中死于鱼精蛋白反应后大出血,另1例术中出血多,术后第1天死于多脏器衰竭,余治愈出院。16例B型患者死亡1例（6．2％）,死于大出血,余均治愈出院。术后CTA显示人工血管血流通畅,支架系统位置良好,无内漏,主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的假腔血栓形成。结论手术是挽救主动脉夹层患者的重要手段,手术方式应根据破口特点及主动脉及其瓣膜具体情况来选择。全弓置换采用DHCA＋RCP脑保护效果良好。采用EVGE治疗StandfordB型夹层手术时间短、创伤小、效果佳。     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层19例

目的应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗,探讨扩大介入治疗适应证的可行性。方法分析2006年4月至2010年11月19例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料,根据多排螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果,选择个体化主动脉覆膜支架介入治疗,术后随访观察内漏、支架位置、假腔变化及脏器供血等。结果置入即刻造影示15例破口完全封堵,2例近端有中量内瘘,经用球囊扩张近端支架后内瘘明显减少,1例少量内瘘不需处理。2例破口距左锁骨下动脉小于0.5 cm者覆膜支架均完全封堵左锁骨下动脉,无脑及左上肢缺血表现。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗安全、效果可靠,采用不同方法延长近端锚定距离,可扩大介入治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层适应证。     

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.     

主动脉夹层撕裂内膜走行规律的MSCTA研究

目的 观察Stanford A型和Stanford B型主动脉夹层（AD）主动脉腔内的撕裂内膜走行规律。方法 回顾性分析65例AD患者的CTA资料,在胸腰椎体和椎间隙层面轴位图像上确定夹层动脉撕裂内膜与管壁两个结合点的位置,并计算真腔所处夹角角平分线（TLIAB）的钟点数。同时观察AD对主动脉分支大血管的影响情况。结果 升主动脉段Stanford A型内膜撕裂由主动脉根部向弓部呈顺时针旋转;真腔位于主动脉腔左侧约3~6点位置,TLIAB位置的平均钟点数为4.16±1.51。降主动脉段AD内膜撕裂由近端向远端呈逆时针旋转,Stanford A型和B型撕裂模式大致相同,旋转幅度相似;主动脉弓降部真腔位于主动脉腔右侧,TLIAB位于8~9点,降主动脉远端TLIAB位于7~8点。左冠状动脉均开口于真腔,其钟点数（3.82±0.41）与对应层面TLIAB（3.69±0.82）差异无统计学意义（t=0.86,P=0.40）;右冠状动脉开口紧邻血管壁内膜撕裂处。Stanford A型和B型AD的降主动脉段分支血管起源部位分型差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 AD内膜呈螺旋状撕裂,升主动脉段由主动脉根部至弓部呈顺时针旋转,降主动脉段由弓降部至远端呈逆时针旋转且Stanford A、B型的旋转模式大致相同。Stanford A型和B型AD主动脉分支大血管的受累情况相似。     

Use of three dimensional-printing in the management of floating aortic thrombus due to occult aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUNDFloating thrombus within the thoracic aorta is a rare entity but may cause systemic embolism. The pathogenesis of floating aortic thrombi is not yet fully understood. No definitive guidelines are available for the management of floating aortic thrombus.CASE SUMMARYWe report a 48-year-old patient, without a history of trauma and infection, who presented with sudden severe back pain. A floating thrombus within the aortic arch was found by computed tomography angiography (CTA). No evidence of coagulopathies was found. However, with the assistance of a three dimensional-printed model, this floating thrombus was identified to be caused by occult aortic dissection (AD). Subsequently, an emergency thoracic endovascular repair was performed. The patient’s back pain was rapidly alleviated postoperatively. CTA at 1 year showed no filling defect in the stent-graft and aorta.CONCLUSIONOccult AD is a potential factor causing floating aortic thrombi, endovascular stent-graft exclusion may be an optimal therapeutic choice with promising results. Moreover, the combination of CTA and three dimensional-printed models can contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of floating aortic thrombi due to occult AD.     

血管内支架移植物置入术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层

目的评价血管内支架移植物置入术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的安全性和有效性.方法10名主动脉夹层患者,均在全麻下进行移植物置入术治疗,4例置入TALENT内支架移植物,6例置入国产内支架移植物.结果2例未能有效封堵动脉破裂口,其中1例治疗后12 h因动脉破裂死亡.1例移植物部分遮盖左锁骨下动脉,但无上肢进行性缺血加重,余7例动脉夹层及假腔均较好封堵.术后1周,9例行CTA检查,除1例夹层未得到封堵外,其余8例内支架移植物均无移位,假腔均缩小,真腔均扩大.随访8例(2～38个月),均无症状再发.结论内支架移植物置入术可有效治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层;严格选择适应证可提高治疗的安全性和有效性.     

3D打印技术在复杂主动脉疾病腔内治疗中的应用

目的探讨三维(3D)打印技术在复杂主动脉疾病腔内治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析24例复杂主动脉疾病患者的资料,术前根据24例患者的CT血管造影(CTA)进行主动脉3D重建,将病变区域进行3D打印,选择中空透明材料制作3D打印模型并消毒,术中根据3D打印模型将支架"预开窗"并缝制铂金弹簧圈,重装支架后在体内完成主体支架的释放和分支支架的选择并释放。术后观察疗效、并发症和随访情况。结果 24例包括12例复杂腹主动脉瘤、11例胸主动脉夹层、1例胸腹主动脉瘤,均在术前完成病变段主动脉3D模型打印,根据模型数据辅助制定手术方案,手术均顺利。24例术前3D打印模型测量和术中造影各项数据比较差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。主动脉夹层患者术后真腔最大直径较术前增大、术后假腔最大直径较术前减小;主动脉瘤患者术后瘤体最大直径较术前减小(P均<0.05)。所有患者术后均未出现出血、脏器功能损害等严重并发症,术后3个月复查CTA显示支架位置良好,无内漏,分支动脉血供良好。结论 3D打印技术能使复杂主动脉疾病的腔内治疗更加精准。     

One-stop hybrid surgery for treatment of complex Stanford type B aortic dissection

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and prognosis of one-stop hybrid surgery using the elephant trunk procedure for treatment of complex Stanford type B aortic dissection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2014 to July 2019. The patients were divided into those who underwent the elephant trunk procedure (n = 10) and those who underwent one-stop hybrid surgery (n = 10). The cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, length of hospital stay, and red blood cell usage were compared between the two groups. All patients’ 3-month postoperative aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings were also reviewed.ResultsThe cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter and red blood cell usage was significantly lower in the one-stop hybridization group. The aortic cross-clamp time was not significantly different between the two groups. Aortic CTA review after hybrid surgery showed that the true lumen of the descending aorta was almost completely restored at 3 months.ConclusionOne-stop hybrid surgery effectively alleviated the occlusion of the aortic dissection, prevented the need for additional surgery, and expanded the indications for covered-stent endovascular repair.     

术中置入新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层临床研究

目的应用新型三分支型主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,总结其临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月7例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗。结果全组手术时间(259.2±53.6)分钟,体外循环时间(136.4±28.5)分钟,心肌血运阻断时间(85.3±11.7)分钟,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(17.6±8.2)分钟。术中死亡1例,系术中主动脉开放后主动脉根部后壁大出血无法止血;其余6例患者术后及时清醒,循环稳定,无严重并发症发生。随访2～15个月,主动脉血管成像显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,相应部位假腔消失,远端假腔内血栓填充;无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生;患者心功能改善,生活质量良好。结论 采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作,降低手术风险,提高手术成功率,适合于大多数Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的治疗。     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的:探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景.方法:回顾分析68例行Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料,术前采用CT血管造影对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术中在数字减影血管造影监视下经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口.结果:术中移植物全部释放成功,术后患者疼痛基本消失,无血栓栓塞、截瘫、器官缺血、吻合口狭窄、动脉瘤及支架移位等并发症.结论:覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是一种治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的有效方法,其手术创伤小、术后恢复快,疗效好、安全性高.     

双源CT血管造影综合评估StanfordA型主动脉夹层

目的 评价双源CT血管造影(DSCTA)综合评价Stanford A型主动脉夹层(AD)主动脉根部结构﹑冠状动脉和左心室功能的可行性。方法 对36例Stanford A型AD患者行术前心电门控DSCTA扫描,评价冠状动脉、主动脉及主动脉瓣膜图像质量及受累情况,测量主动脉根部管径和左心室功能,计算辐射剂量。将DSCTA结果与手术所见进行比较。结果 35例患者成功完成DSCTA检查。97.14%(34/35)的胸主动脉和主动脉瓣膜图像、93.10%(445/478)的冠状动脉节段图像可用于诊断。右窦受累17例,无窦受累15例,左窦受累5例;右-无窦交界受累13例,左-右窦交界受累3例,左-无窦交界受累1例。主动脉窦部直径(41.6±9.4)mm;瓣环直径(28.2±4.1)mm;窦管交界直径(73.6±10.2)mm。左心室射血分数与主动脉根部受累程度呈负相关(r=-0.97,P=0.02)。平均有效辐射剂量为(21.96±4.36)mSv。DSCTA结果与手术病理诊断一致率(30/34,88.24%)和一致性(Kappa=0.82,P<0.01)均较高。结论 DSCTA"一站式"检查综合评价Stanford A型AD主动脉根部结构﹑冠状动脉和左心功能安全可靠。     

Combined cesarean delivery and repair of acute aortic dissection at 34 weeks of pregnancy during COVID-19 outbreak: A case report

BACKGROUNDSince the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the exclusion of a patient from COVID-19 should be performed before surgery. However, patients with type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) during pregnancy can seriously endanger the health of either the mother or fetus that requires emergency surgical treatment without the test for COVID-19. CASE SUMMARYA 38-year-old woman without Marfan syndrome was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain in the 34^th week of gestation. She has diagnosed as having a Stanford type-A AAD involving an aortic arch and descending aorta via aortic computed tomographic angiography. The patient was transferred to the isolated negative pressure operating room in one hour and underwent cesarean delivery and ascending aorta replacement. All medical staff adopted third-level medical protection measures throughout the patient transfer and surgical procedure. After surgery, the patient was transferred to the isolated negative pressure intensive care unit ward. The nucleic acid test and anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM were performed and were negative. The patient and infant were discharged without complication nine days later and recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that the procedure that we used is feasible in patients with a combined cesarean delivery and surgery for Stanford type-A AAD during the COVID-19 outbreak, which was mainly attributed to rapid multidisciplinary consultation, collaboration, and quick decision-making.     

Preliminary report on a sonographic method to determine the location of the intimal breach in Stanford type B aortic dissection

Using a defined angle T, which can be measured noninvasively using Doppler ultrasound, we aim to determine the location of the intimal breach in Stanford type B aortic dissection (AD) and estimate the risk of AD using that measurement. Our subjects included 86 healthy volunteers, 60 hypertensive patients, and 42 patients with Stanford type B AD. We used dual functional color Doppler ultrasound to locate the central point of the high-speed flow zone within the descending aorta, and then calculated the angle T, using the law of cosines. In addition, we measured the degree of distortion within the descending aorta using Line BD, defined as the distance from the lateral edge of the left subclavian artery (LSA) to the center of the breach in the intima in AD. The value of T was approximately 24° ± 3° and was constant across all 3 groups. In addition, the increase in BD distance corresponded to increased distortion in the descending aorta between the LSA and the region of aortic artery ligament (RAALE). We found that when the preoperative BD was less than 2.6 cm, the aortic arch could be straightened, using a stent-graft, to approximate the normal aorta. When the preoperative BD is less than 2.6 cm, the aortic arch can be corrected using a stent. In addition, since the T angle is constant, we speculate that it can be used to predict the risk of intimal breach and estimate its location using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to guide surgery.     

CT血管造影诊断B型主动脉夹层再破口

目的 评价CT血管造影(CTA)在诊断B型主动脉夹层(AD)再破口中的价值. 方法 分析110例典型B型AD患者的CTA增强扫描及其中70例主动脉数字剪影血管造影(DSA)检查的影像资料,分别统计夹层再破口的数量、位置、大小,对两种检查的结果 采取Kappa一致性检验. 结果 83.64% B型AD患者具有多个再破口,人均再破口(3.41±1.90)个,以腹主动脉中段再破口的数量最多,大破口最常位于夹层最远端.70例CTA与主动脉DSA结果 比较,CTA发现再破口的灵敏度为93.78%,特异度为88.89%,两种检查方法 一致性检验的Kappa值为0.827(P＜0.01). 结论 CTA可清晰显示B型AD再破口的数量、位置及大小等特点,与DSA在显示B型AD再破口方面具有良好的一致性,可作为再破口观察和随访的主要方法.     

复杂B型主动脉夹层术后远端再发内膜破裂诊治回顾

目的探讨B型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后远端再发内膜破裂的机制与防治。方法回顾性分析1例B型主动脉夹层术后远端再发内膜破裂的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者因B型主动脉夹层在外院经腔内膈绝术治疗后效果不佳,转入我院。从最初发病到并发症的出现的3年内,共发生了2次支架远端再发内膜破裂及1次支架近端Ⅰ型内漏。在外院及我院先后行2次开胸手术、2次腔内隔绝术,病情恢复良好,随访1.5年病情稳定。结论主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后远端再发内膜破裂的预防与治疗重点在于选择正确的手术入路、适合的覆膜支架及远端限制性裸支架,以保障手术安全性。     

儿童永存第五主动脉弓超声心动图表现北大核心CSCD

目的观察儿童永存第五主动脉弓(PFAA)的超声心动图表现。方法观察5例经CT血管造影(CTA)及手术确诊PFAA患儿的超声心动图表现,记录相关临床资料。结果5例PFAA,包括1例Weinberg A型及4例Weinberg B型。超声心动图左心室流出道切面均见第五主动脉弓自升主动脉远端发出,胸骨上窝长轴切面见2个并存且平行走行的主动脉弓,4例Weinberg A型上方为第四主动脉弓、下方为第五主动脉弓,均与降主动脉相连;1例Weinberg B型上方第四主动脉弓离断,仅见下方的第五主动脉弓与降主动脉相连。5例中,4例接受PFAA矫治术,术后随访主动脉弓血流均通畅;1例因第五主动脉弓血流通畅而未接受PFAA矫治术。结论不同类型PFAA超声心动图表现存在差异,联合观察左心室流出道切面和胸骨上窝长轴切面有助于提高PFAA检出率。     

改良大动脉覆膜支架腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

背景:常规的覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层手术繁杂,并发症发生率较高,其操作技术有增加夹层破口破裂的风险.目的:应用改良的大动脉覆膜支架和创新的介入治疗方法腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,观察其疗效和安全性.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,病例来自2006-10/2009-03赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科.对象:选择赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科收治的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者30例,均为男性,年龄43～70(53.5±12.8)岁.发病时间为5～45 d不等.方法:全部病例选用细钢丝捆绑的覆膜支架和创新输送及释放支架的方法,对降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mn的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,可选用分支型大动脉覆膜支架.主要观察指标:支架置入成功后复行主动脉造影,了解覆膜支架位置,形态,夹层破口封闭和内漏以及主动脉弓分支血管通畅情况:观察术后并发症情况.术后行磁共振检查随访支架情况,有无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结果:30例共置入33枚细钢丝捆绑覆膜支架,其中4例因降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mm而置入分支型支架;5例支架置入后出现明显内漏,3例予球囊扩张,2例再置入1枚支架后内漏消失;1例患者置入后3个月支架远端出现新的破裂口而再置入1枚支架成功,3例出现右下肢麻木症状,1例出现右下肢间歇性跛行.所有患者置入后3～32个月随访行磁共振检查示假腔缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结论:采用细钢丝捆绑大动脉覆膜支架、创新输送和释放支架方法治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,具有技术操作容易、可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高、并发症少等优点,尤其适用于高危患者.     

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated with aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUNDHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is caused by hantaviruses presenting with high fever, hemorrhage, and acute kidney injury. Microvascular injury and hemorrhage in mucus were often observed in patients with hantavirus infection. Infection with bacterial and virus related aortic aneurysm or dissection occurs sporadically. Here, we report a previously unreported case of hemorrhagic fever with concurrent aortic dissection.CASE SUMMARYA 56-year-old man complained of high fever and generalized body ache, with decreased platelet counts of 10 × 10⁹/L and acute kidney injury. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays test for immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G hantavirus-specific antibodies were both positive. During the convalescent period, he complained sudden onset acute chest pain radiating to the back, and the computed tomography angiography revealed an aortic dissection of the descending aorta extending to iliac artery. He was diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Stanford B aortic dissection. The patient recovered completely after surgery with other support treatments. CONCLUSIONHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated with aortic dissection is rare and a difficult clinical condition. Hantavirus infection not only causes microvascular damage presenting with hemorrhage but may be risk factor for acute macrovascular detriment. A causal relationship has yet to be confirmed.     

双源CT主动脉成像在DeBakey I型主动脉夹层杂交手术前后评价中的价值

目的：评价双源CTA在DeBakey I型主动脉夹层杂交手术治疗前后的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析11例夹层破口位于升主动脉或主动脉弓的DeBakey I型胸主动脉夹层患者行杂交手术术前及术后CTA,6例患者的术中DSA资料和CTA进行对照分析。结果：11例患者术前CTA明确诊断为DeBakey I型主动脉夹层,6例破口位于升主动脉根部上方附近,3例位于主动脉弓部,2例假腔机化,11例均累及胸主动脉及降主动脉,4例累及主动脉弓主要分支;术后CTA复查均很好显示置入支架位置,假腔血栓机化情况,重建主动脉弓及旁路血管显示清晰,其中2例患者左侧锁骨下动脉起始段闭塞,1例主动脉弓部局部出现内漏,其余患者夹层假腔内血栓机化,真腔内径扩大,旁路血管通畅。结论：双源CT主动脉成像在DeBakey I型胸主动脉夹层杂交手术前后的评价中有非常重要的价值。     

妊娠合并主动脉夹层6例回顾性分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并主动脉夹层的临床表现、诊断及治疗.方法 选取河南省人民医院于2015年1月至2020年12月收治的妊娠合并主动脉夹层患者6例,对其临床资料、治疗方案和母儿结局进行回顾性分析,探讨不同手术时机对妊娠合并主动脉夹层结局的影响.结果 6例年龄30～38岁,平均32.16岁.发病时间为孕5周至产后1个月,孕早...