造血干细胞移植 亲缘供者 健康教育

对85例造血干细胞亲缘供者进行健康教育,从供者进行干细胞动员至采集前期间,由负责采集的工作人员与供者面谈、发放相关的宣教资料的方式进行健康教育。内容包括采集的过程、不良反应的表现及处理、采集后的注意事项等。85例供者健康教育前对造血干细胞捐献的相关知识了解的得分为53分,健康教育后为170分。所有供者对造血干细胞捐献的相关知识基本了解。认为在造血干细胞捐献前对供者进行健康教育,可消除其思想顾虑,使干细胞的捐献顺利进行。     

造血干细胞亲缘供者的健康教育

对85例造血干细胞亲缘供者进行健康教育,从供者进行干细胞动员至采集前期间,由负责采集的工作人员与供者面谈、发放相关的宣教资料的方式进行健康教育.内容包括采集的过程、不良反应的表现及处理、采集后的注意事项等.85例供者健康教育前对造血干细胞捐献的相关知识了解的得分为53分,健康教育后为170分.所有供者对造血干细胞捐献的相关知识基本了解.认为在造血干细胞捐献前对供者进行健康教育,可消除其思想顾虑,使干细胞的捐献顺利进行.     

造血干细胞亲缘供者的健康教育

目的 了解造血干细胞亲缘供者对异基因外周血干细胞移植(PBSCT)相关知识的了解情况,以便为亲缘供者提供有效的健康教育内容依据及方法.方法 自行设计PBSCT 4方面的相关知识对50例亲缘供者进行调查,根据他们对实施PBSCT4方面知识了解情况,按文化程度分为大学及以上组(18例),大专、高中及中专组(21例)和初中及以下组(11例),对他们实施个性化、分阶段的全程健康教育,并调查他们对健康教育的满意度及外周血干细胞(PBSC)采集的产量情况.结果 教育前后各组供者对PBSCT相关4方面知识的掌握率比较,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05;供者对健康教育的满意度为98.8%;PBSC的采集产量均达到异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)的要求.结论 实施个性化、分阶段全程健康教育,可建立供者积极的捐献信念和态度,解除心理顾虑,增加了供者接受治疗护理的顺应性与自我防护意识,从而提高了采集的效率,减少了并发症的发生,提高了供者对护理健康教育工作的满意度.     

造血干细胞亲缘供者的健康教育

目的 了解造血干细胞亲缘供者对异基因外周血干细胞移植（PBSCT）相关知识的了解情况，以便为亲缘供者提供有效的健康教育内容依据及方法。方法 自行设计PBSCT4方面的相关知识对50例亲缘供者进行调查，根据他们对实施PBSCT4方面知识了解情况，按文化程度分为大学及以上组（18例），大专、高中及中专组（21例）和初中及以下组（11例），对他们实施个性化、分阶段的全程健康教育，并调查他们对健康教育的满意度及外周血干细胞（PBSC）采集的产量情况。结果 教育前后各组供者对PBSCT相关4方面知识的掌握率比较，差异均有统计学意义，P〈0．05；供者对健康教育的满意度为98．8％；PBSC的采集产量均达到异基因造血干细胞移植（Allo—HSCT）的要求。结论 实施个性化、分阶段全程健康教育，可建立供者积极的捐献信念和态度，解除心理顾虑，增加了供者接受治疗护理的顺应性与自我防护意识，从而提高了采集的效率，减少了并发症的发生，提高了供者对护理健康教育工作的满意度。     

1例非亲缘异基因外周造血干细胞移植的护理

异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗多种血液系统恶性疾病和遗传性疾病的有效方法.寻找人类白细胞抗原(HLA)相合的供者是进行异基因造血干细胞移植的前提,若无法在亲缘间找到供者,只能依靠造血干细胞捐献者资料库提供与病人HLA配型相同的造血干细胞[1].我科对1例急性淋巴细胞白血病病人实施非亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植.现将护理介绍如下.     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植捐献者的护理

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（PBSCT）是治疗恶性血液病和某些实体肿瘤的有效方法之一,较骨髓移植其操作简便、痛苦小、安全,易为无偿捐献者所接受。现在全球开展的异基因造血干细胞移植中PBSCT约占1／3,而异基因外周血造血干细胞移植供者的护理直接关系着这项工作的开展。     

亲缘与非亲缘供者造血干细胞动员和采集的安全性比较

本研究对捐献骨髓及外周造血干细胞的健康亲缘供者及只捐献外周造血干细胞的非亲缘供者,在造血干细胞动员和采集的安全性方面进行比较。对2005年9月至2006年8月在北京大学人民医院血液病研究所提供异基因造血干细胞的亲缘供者100例及2003年11月至2007年12月在中国造血干细胞捐献者资料库北京管理中心登记的非血缘供者71例,在造血干细胞动员、采集及采集后1、3、6个月及每年进行了评估。对血常规指标、不良反应等进行观察记录,并对随访期间的长期不良反应及生活质量进行了问卷调查。结果显示：亲缘供者提供的骨髓＋外周血干细胞总MNC剂量为6．70（4．11—12．23）×10^8／kg,总CD34^＋细胞剂量为3．40（1．61—13．57）×10^6／kg：非亲缘供者提供的外周血干细胞总MNC剂量为6．69（3．35-11．48）×10^8／kg,总CD34^＋细胞剂量为3．50（1．15—11．60）×10^6／kg。动员时的常见副作用为骨痛,在亲缘供者的发生率为47％,在非亲缘供者的发生率为43．7％,两组之间无显著性差异;采集时的常见副作用为感觉异常（口唇和四肢）,在亲缘供者的发生率为25％,在非亲缘供者的发生率为29．6％,两组之间无显著性差异;所有供者对副作用皆可耐受,没有供者因为不能耐受而中断采集。亲缘供者由于骨髓和外周血的采集,其血红蛋白水平低于非亲缘供者[（125．8±20．2）g／L vs（143．2±20．1）g／L]（P〈0．05）。非亲缘供者由于外周干细胞采集多为2次,其血小板计数低于亲缘供者[（126．2±57．2）×10^9／L vs（162．4±72．9）×10^9／L]（P〈0．05）。在长期随访中,亲缘供者与非亲缘供者的血常规检查结果比较无显著性差异,无长期的不良反应,健康状况良好。结论：亲缘与非亲缘供者进行造血干细胞采集都是安全可行的。术前进行完备的检查,术中仔细操作、严密观察,及术后长期随访对于供者的安全有重要的意义。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者的护理

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植以其操作简便,不用麻醉,创伤性小等优点已成为临床上治疗恶性白血病、实体瘤的有效方法之一[1].为了保证干细胞采集的顺利进行,要做好非亲缘供者的身心护理,使其处于最佳的生理、心理状态.南京医科大学第一附属医院老年科2006年12月～2007年11月对22例非亲缘供者实施了造血干细胞采集,现将护理体会报道如下.     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植非亲缘供者的护理

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植以其操作简便，不用麻醉，创伤性小等优点已成为临床上治疗恶性白血病、实体瘤的有效方法之一^[1]。为了保证干细胞采集的顺利进行，要做好非亲缘供者的身心护理，使其处于最佳的生理、心理状态。南京医科大学第一附属医院老年科2006年12月～2007年11月对22例非亲缘供者实施了造血干细胞采集，现将护理体会报道如下。     

对术前外周造血干细胞移植亲缘供者心理干预的观察

非清髓性外周血造血干细胞移植以其非致死性、并发症少、存活质量高、适应范围广的特点,日益受到患者重视.亲缘供者是非清髓性异基因外周造血干细胞移植成功的关键环节.在以往的护理工作中,术前供者常表现出紧张、焦虑、恐惧等心理现象,而对心理护理却又充满排斥,对手术产生不利的影响.目前对于细胞移植供者的研究多集中于术前、术后一般常规护理和术后心理状况的调查[1-3],未见术前心理问题及相关干预措施的报道.术前护理可使供者的造血干细胞采集顺利,质量更高.本文分析供者术前的心理问题,探索心理干预对供者的影响,以完善术前心理干预方案,为今后提高护理质量提供参考依据.     

Donors’ health state the year after peripheral haematopoietic progenitor cell collection: A prospective follow‐up study in related and unrelated donors compared to first‐time platelet donors

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) mobilized peripheral haematopoietic progenitor cells collected by apheresis (HPC‐A) are the most common source used for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Retrospective short and long‐term donor follow‐up studies show very low risks of serious complications and do not report compelling evidence of increased cancer occurrence. Some studies reported a prolonged period of leucopenia without an obvious association with infectious complications. However, beyond the first few weeks after the procedure a relationship between events is elusive. We therefore evaluated medical service utilization by prospectively recruited HPC‐A donors and first‐time platelet apheresis donors for comparison for 1 year after donation. Data were prospectively collected using questionnaires and by medical record review. A total of 215 HPC‐A donors (111 unrelated donors and 104 related donors) and 96 first‐time platelet donors consented to participation in the study. Follow‐up was available for 202 (96%): questionnaires were returned by 74% and records from nonstudy contacts were available for 94% of donors. During the 1‐year follow‐up, 94 of the donors who returned questionnaires sought medical attention for diagnostic evaluation and/or treatment: 41% of HPC‐A donors and 40% of platelet donors. Medical service utilization the first year after HPC‐A donation is similar to that after first‐time platelet donation. The occurrence of serious medical conditions in both related and unrelated HPC‐A donors underscores the importance of participation in long‐term follow‐up in large cohorts. The findings in this relatively small cohort contribute to evidence on the safety of G‐CSF mobilization and HPC‐A. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:523–528, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

异基因造血干细胞移植联合伊马替尼治疗Ph~+急性淋巴细胞白血病

为了探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)联合伊马替尼治疗Ph+急性淋巴细胞白血病(Philadelphiachromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Ph+ALL)的疗效。对我院2007-2008年Ph+ALL患者3例所进行的allo-HSCT联合伊马替尼治疗效果进行了小结。3例Ph+ALL中1例接受同胞全相合移植,另2例为单倍体相合移植,移植前均处于完全缓解状态。3例患者在移植前后不同时间接受不同疗程的伊马替尼治疗,同时应用RT-PCR方法监测bcr/abl融合基因转录水平。随访日期至2009年10月21日。结果表明:3例患者均成功植入,未出现严重移植相关并发症;移植后bcr/abl融合基因处于低转录水平并逐渐转阴。结论:异基因造血干细胞移植联合伊马替尼是Ph+ALL有效的治疗方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后实时定量聚合酶链反应在巨细胞病毒感染诊断和治疗中的应用

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后应用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RQ-PCR)技术检测血浆巨细胞病毒(CMV)DNA载量,诊断CMV感染及指导临床抗CMV治疗的意义.方法 统以318例接受allo-HSCT患者为研究对象,其中同胞HLA相合HSCT患者160例,血缘关系配型不合127例,非血缘关系移植31例.移植前供受者采用ELISA方法 进行CMV血清学抗体检测.移植后采用RQ-PCR方法 检测血浆CMV DNA,6×102拷贝数/ml为CMV PCR阳性.全部患者在预处理阶段-9 d到-2 d应用更昔洛韦预防CMV感染.抢先治疗主要应用更昔洛韦或膦甲酸钠,或两药联合治疗.结果 移植后100天(+100 d)内CMV感染累计发生率40.6%,同胞相合、血缘关系配型不合及非血缘关系移植三种移植方式,+100 d内CMV感染累计发生率分别为17.5%、66.1%、45.2%.无论是单因素还是多因素分析均表明,血缘关系配型不合移植和非血缘关系移植,预处理方案中使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)以及中重度急性移植物抗宿主病是导致CMV感染发生的危险因素.在早期应用抢先治疗后,总体+100 d内CMV病累计发生率为8.8%.三种移植方式+100 d内CMV病累计发生率分别为5.6%、9.4%、22.6%.且三种移植方式CMV感染患者2年生存率差异无统计学意义.结论 allo-HSCT后RQ-PCR检测血浆CMV DNA可有效用于CMV感染诊断和监测,并有利于指导临床抗CMV治疗,减少移植后CMV感染高危患者CMV疾病的发生.     

Reaction rates in allogeneic donors

In Canada and several other countries, there is an upper age limit for blood donation. In order to evaluate the safety of whole blood donation in elderly Canadian allogeneic donors, we analysed reaction rates following whole blood donation. Reactions rates in allogeneic whole blood donors who donated at Canadian Blood Services were reviewed retrospectively. Rates were analysed by age, donation frequency and by donation frequency for each age group. A total of 5478 reactions were available for analysis in 469 837 donors. The highest rate of mild reactions occurred in donors less than 20 years of age. Moderate and severe reactions decreased with increasing age and with donation frequency. Age-adjusted rates for mild reactions were less frequent in donors aged 66-77 years than in donors younger than 20 years. Although age-adjusted moderate reactions varied with donation frequency, after seven donations, rates were not increased for donors aged 60 years or older (0.61% for donors aged less than 20 years compared to 0.03% for donors aged 60-65 years compared to 0% for donors aged 66-71 years). Age-adjusted rates for severe reactions generally did not increase with donation frequency. These results confirm the safety of whole blood donation in regular donors who are 66-71 years of age.     

供,受者感染乙型肝炎病毒对造血干细胞移植的影响

目的 分析血液病患移植前供、受感染乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）对造血干细胞移植（ＨＳＣＴ０临床结果的影响。方法 对我院１９８６年１０月￣１９９８年１２月间进行ＨＳＣＴ前供、受感染ＨＢＶ的２６例患临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ①移植后３例患发生ＶＯＤ,发生率（１１．５％）明显高于供、受无ＨＢＶ感染的患（１．４％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;②５例输注ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）供造血干细胞患２例发生乙型肝炎;     

The psychosocial aspects of donating blood stem cells: the sibling donor perspective

The collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) by apheresis has become common in related allogeneic donors. However, the acceptability of the procedure to donors has not been documented. The purpose of this baseline case series study was to evaluate the psycho-social dimensions of apheresis from the perspective of healthy sibling donors and to explore issues surrounding fully informed consent including voluntary donation. At the first interview to discuss donation, 17 consecutive human leucocyte antigens (HLA) identical sibling donors who chose to donate PBPC were recruited to the study. They then completed both scales of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The state scale was completed again immediately before first apheresis. At the end of the final apheresis, the donors were interviewed again by an independent researcher using a standardised questionnaire. All aspects of the procedure were well tolerated, including levels of anxiety and pain. Donors donated even if the relationship with their sibling was poor. However, some areas for improvement were highlighted. Eight (47%) donors were asked to donate by their sibling or another close relative, and this gave them no real volunteer status. Written information was judged important by 11 (65%) donors, but the material used was limited. The possibility of a poor outcome for the recipient was not well understood. The content of the written documentation and the management of confidentiality in terms of donor volunteer status needed to be addressed. A further study regarding the follow-up needs of donors, including those where the outcome is poor, is underway.     

Predictive value of past and current screening tests for syphilis in blood donors: changing from a rapid plasma reagin test to an automated specific treponemal test for screening

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the change from a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test to an automated specific treponemal test (PK-TP) in screening for syphilis in blood donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional seroprevalence analysis was performed on 4,878,215 allogeneic blood donations from 19 American Red Cross Blood Services regions from May 1993 through September 1995. Positive predictive values relative to the confirmatory fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) were calculated. Differences in seroprevalence were compared in RPR and PK-TP tests for 1) unconfirmed and confirmed tests, 2) first-time and repeat donors, and 3) "recent" versus "past" infections. Donation data from three additional Red Cross regions were evaluated for repeat donation patterns of blood donors who had a donation that was positive in a serologic screening test for syphilis. The value of RPR and PK-TP tests as surrogate markers for HIV infection was compared. RESULTS: Reactive rates were lower but the positive predictive values was higher for the PK-TP test than for the RPR test. Initially, donors screened by PK-TP were more likely to be confirmed as positive than were donors screened by RPR, but these rates became comparable. It is estimated that a single HIV window-period donation was removed by serologic testing for syphilis each year of this study period. CONCLUSIONS: The change to the PK-TP test resulted in a lower repeatedly reactive rate, better prediction that a confirmed-positive test for syphilis would occur in testing in the FTA-ABS, fewer donations lost, and comparable deferral rates. Because of the high rate of reactivity to serologic testing for syphilis among donors previously confirmed positive for syphilis, indefinite deferral after a confirmed-positive index donation may be warranted. Serologic testing for syphilis is ineffective as a marker of HIV-infectious window-period donations.     

An adapted postdonation motivational interview enhances blood donor retention

BACKGROUND: Blood donors may hold conflicting thoughts about future donation. While they may perceive the direct benefit to themselves and others, they often report compelling reasons not to give again. As a result the standard encouragements to return may not be sufficient to motivate some donors. This study examined the effects of a postdonation adapted motivational interview (AMI) on blood donor attitudes and repeat donation behavior. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors (n = 215) were randomly assigned to either an AMI or a no‐interview control group. Approximately 1 month after their index donation, donors in the AMI group completed a brief telephone interview to clarify individual‐specific motivations and values concerning blood donation and address potential barriers. They were then asked to complete questionnaires regarding donation attitudes, anxiety, self‐efficacy, and intention to donate. Donors in the control group were also contacted 1 month after donation and asked to complete the same series of questionnaires. RESULTS: Donors in the AMI group reported greater intention to provide a future donation (F = 8.13, p < 0.05), more positive donation attitudes (F = 4.59, p < 0.05), and greater confidence in their ability to avoid adverse reactions (F = 10.26, p < 0.01). Further, AMI was associated with higher rates of attempted donation at 12 months (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.27‐4.87). CONCLUSION: Application of an AMI may be an effective strategy to increase the donor pool by enhancing retention of existing donors.     

心理干预对造血干细胞采集亲缘供者心理状态的影响

目的探讨心理干预对造血干细胞亲缘供者心理状态的影响。方法将64例造血干细胞亲缘供者随机分为干预组（n=32）和对照组（n=32）,对照组采用常规的术前健康教育,干预组在此基础上行心理干预。干预前后采用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对两组供者的心理状态进行评分,同时记录两组供者的心率、血压并进行相关分析。结果干预组血压、心率与干预前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。干预组抑郁、焦虑得分与干预前比较均下降（P〈0．05）,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对造血干细胞亲缘供者实施心理干预,可减轻其焦虑、抑郁心理和维持血压、心率的稳定。     

Critical evaluation of informed consent forms for adult and minor aged whole blood donation used by United States blood centers

BACKGROUND: Blood donation is a medical procedure with attendant risks, and thus blood donors should undergo acceptable informed consent. There are no guidelines for the informed consent forms (ICFs) for whole blood donors or for parental consent forms (PCFs) for minor age blood donors. The goal of the study was to determine if the majority of the generally accepted elements of informed consent are provided to volunteer allogeneic whole blood donors in the United States.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ICFs and PCFs along with their accompanying general information forms (GIFs) from nonmilitary blood collection establishments for allogeneic whole blood donation were collected throughout the United States and scored using a system based on the essential elements of informed consent derived from guidelines of consent for research subjects. The overall score for each ICF and PCF was obtained.
RESULTS: Twenty-one ICFs and 37 PCFs from 48 states representing major collection centers within the United States were scored. The mean score for the common essential elements ICFs was 35 percent (range, 10%-80%) and for PCFs was 46 percent (range, 10%-90%).
CONCLUSION: None of the whole blood allogeneic donation informed consents surveyed contained all the common essential or specific blood donation information desired. There is a need for national guidelines for the informed consent process for both the donor and the parent of a minor to ensure adequate information is specified.