2006-2015年武汉市老年肺结核疫情特征分析

目的 分析2006-2015年武汉市老年人群肺结核流行特征,为针对性防控提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2006-2015年国家结核病信息管理系统中登记的现住址为武汉市的老年肺结核患者进行分析。结果 2006-2015年武汉市登记老年活动性肺结核患者11493例,占同期全人群登记病例数的17.67%,老年活动性和涂阳肺结核年均登记发病率分别为136.74/10万,77.46/10万,总体呈下降趋势(活动性肺结核〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=95.48,P<0.05;涂阳肺结核〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=157.47,P<0.05);时间分布以3-10月登记发病数较多,占72.34%;登记发病数位居前三的依次是黄陂区(占18.17%)、新洲区(占17.05%)、江夏区(占11.65%),均为远城区;男女比例老年肺结核患者为3.75〖DK〗∶1;老年肺结核患者中病例数以65~69岁年龄段最多,其次为70~74岁;老年复治涂阳患者构成比为14.51%。结论 武汉市应进一步加强对老年人群的结核病防治知识宣传、主动筛查、治疗管理等,积极推进老年人结核病防治工作。     

2009～2013年惠州市老年人结核病疫情分析

目的了解惠州市老年人肺结核疫情特点,为完善老年结核病防控策略提供依据。方法通过描述性研究方法对2009~2013年惠州市老年人口(年龄≥60周岁)活动性肺结核报告发病情况进行流行病学描述。结果惠州市2009~2013年累计报告老年人肺结核3 887例,年均报告发病率为199.61/10万。报告发病率2009年最高(264.09/10万),2013年报告发病率209.75/10万,5年间报告发病率下降20.58%;无明显季节高峰。老年人结核病报告发病的年龄高峰为75~79岁(250.89/10万),不同年龄组的报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性高于女性;不同县区报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论惠州市老年人结核病疫情仍较重,全市各级结核病防治机构应继续加强结核病防治知识的宣传,及时发现并有效治疗老年人结核病患者,积极推进老年人结核病的防治工作。     

四川省贫困地区60岁及以上老年结核病患者救助效果分析

目的评价四川省青川县和剑阁县实施的贫困地区老年结核病患者关怀服务项目(简称"项目")实施效果,探索贫困地区开展老年肺结核患者发现、治疗及管理工作的新模式。方法 2016-07/2017-11期间对两县≥60岁老年人口126 288名进行肺结核可疑症状调查和数字化X线摄影术(digital radiography,DR)检查,对可疑症状者和(或)数字化X线摄影术(digital radiography,DR)检查异常者收集痰标本开展痰涂片检查。对确诊并符合救助条件的158例老年肺结核患者开展关怀救助。利用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,二分类变量及无序多分类变量使用卡方检验,有序分类变量比较采用非参数检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果两县2016-2017年主动症状筛查≥60岁的老年人筛查率为99.94%(126 288/126 367),肺结核病检查可疑症状者1.5万名,发现≥60岁老年肺结核病患者433例,报告发病率为171.33/10万(433/252 734),与2014-2015年的86.78/10万(220/253 506)比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=89.15,P0.05)。2016-2017年,两县登记的≥60岁的老年肺结核病患者从出现症状到就诊的平均时间从2014-2015年的68.72 d,缩短到29.93 d;老年肺结核病患者中病灶侵犯3个肺野以上及有空洞的患者数占所有老年人患者数的比例从2014-2015年的65.91%(132/220)减少到29.11%(126/433);两县受助的老年结核患者药物不良反应发生率比非受助老年结核患者减少了5.44%;两县受助的贫困老年肺结核患者自付治疗费用从0.17万元减少到0元。结论在贫困地区老年人中开展主动筛查大大提高了结核病发现率,同时缩短了就诊延迟时间,项目实施减轻了贫困老年患者经济负担。     

2010-2019年无锡市梁溪区肺结核疫情流行病学特征

目的 分析无锡市梁溪区肺结核的流行病学特征,为制定和修改相应防治策略提供依据.方法 对结核病信息管理系统中登记的2010-2019年梁溪区活动性肺结核患者资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2010-2019年梁溪区活动性肺结核年均登记发病率为32.81/10万,有下降趋势(x2趋势=9.40,P=0.00),...     

云南省2002-2011年肺结核流行特征分析

目的探讨云南省结核病流行特征,为制定结核病防治对策和开展防治工作提供科学依据。方法对云南省2002-2011年肺结核报告资料进行描述性流行病学特征分析。结果 2002-2011年共报告肺结核病例251 997例,死亡病例1 135例,年平均报告发病率为56.81/10万,年平均报告死亡率为0.26/10万,总病死率为0.45%。男性患病人数是女性的1.9倍,发病年龄以20~44岁年龄组较高,发病人数占总发病人数的44.73%。0~14岁组肺结核发病率为16.21/10万,15~59岁组肺结核发病率为62.36/10万,60岁以上组发病率为122.27/10万,职业分布以农民为主,发病数占全部病例的67.26%,学生及散居儿童比例逐年降低。16州市均有发病,但各州市发病数及发病率存在较大差异。没有明显季节性,每月均有发病。结论 2002-2004年发病呈现缓慢上升趋势,2005年达到高峰,2006-2011年呈现缓慢下降趋势。0~14岁组肺结核发病率的降低说明我省结核病防治工作取得一定的成效;老年组发病率较高,所以应针对老年人患病特点,制定针对性的发现和控制措施;青壮年患者比重较大,青壮年人群仍然是我省结核病防治工作的重点。人口密度较大、少数民族比例较高以及疫情呈上升趋势的州市是未来结核病防控重点。     

南京市2011—2019年≥65岁老年肺结核病例特征分析

目的 分析南京市≥65岁老年人肺结核病例特征,为制定老年结核病防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对《结核病管理信息系统》中2011—2019年登记的现住址为南京市的≥65岁老年肺结核病例进行分析。结果 2011—2019年南京市老年活动性肺结核年均报告发病率76.61/10万,报告发病率呈波动下降趋势,下降幅度30.05%,但老年病例占比总体呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。老年肺结核男女比例3.12∶1,病例数以65~69岁年龄组最多,年均报告发病率男性以80~84岁组（164.88/10万）最高,女性以85岁及以上组（40.88/10万）最高。农民（40.36%）和离退休人员（39.85%）位居老年患者职业前2位,老年病例报告无明显季节性。地区分布上,高淳区年均报告发病率最高（154.87/10万）,中心城区报告发病率较低。病原学阳性率、就诊延迟率呈上升趋势（均P<0.01）。结论 南京市老年结核病防控应关注老年男性及老龄化程度高的农村地区,加强主动筛查、治疗管理和医疗保障,加大健康宣教,减少就诊延迟。     

吴兴区60岁及以上老年人传染病流行特征分析

目的了解湖州市吴兴区≥60岁老年人传染病报告发病情况,为制定针对性的传染病防控措施提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中导出2006—2015年吴兴区≥60岁老年人传染病疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对老年人传染病疫情进行分析。结果 2006—2015年吴兴区≥60岁老年人共报告传染病22种4 888例,年均发病率459.40/10万,低于同期60岁人群(P0.01);其中乙类传染病年均发病率311.56/10万,高于同期60岁人群(P0.01)。因传染病死亡23例,年均死亡率2.16/10万,高于同期60岁人群(P0.01)。发病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P0.01)。职业分布以农民(48.79%)和离退休人员(35.84%)为主。发病率前三位为肺结核(148.12/10万)、其他感染性腹泻(109.96/10万)和梅毒(81.07/10万),其中肺结核年均发病率高于同期60岁人群(P0.01)。结论吴兴区老年人传染病发病率较高,应做好≥60岁老年人肺结核、梅毒、其他感染性腹泻的防制工作。     

2011―2020年全国65岁及以上老年人肺结核报告发病情况分析

目的  分析2011―2020年全国≥65岁老年人(简称老年人)肺结核报告发病特征。方法  利用中国2011―2020年肺结核发病监测数据,分析老年人肺结核报告发病率及分布特征,计算年均变化趋势。结果  全国老年人肺结核报告发病率从2011年的158.7/10万下降至2020年的98.3/10万。老年人肺结核的发病风险是＜65岁人群的2.4~2.9倍,其中以70~＜75岁和75~＜80岁年龄组的发病率最高。老年人中,男性的发病风险是女性的2.5~3.1倍,1月和3月的报告发病数最高,其中2020年1月―2020年4月的报告发病数较既往同期出现了大幅下降。中国东、中、西部老年人肺结核报告发病率分别为95.9/10万、159.0/10万和184.4/10万,中、西部地区分别是东部地区的1.7倍和1.9倍。2011―2019年,老年人肺结核报告发病率的年均递降率为3.5%,东、中、西部分别为4.9%、4.5%和1.5%,推算获得的2020年报告发病率高于实际的报告发病率。结论  2011―2020年,中国老年人肺结核防治工作取得了显著成效,但总体负担依然很重,应重点关注西部的重点地区,并强化老年肺结核患者的发现等工作。     

宁海县老年人肺结核发病特点分析

目的分析宁海县老年人肺结核发病特点,为完善老年人肺结核防控工作提供依据。方法收集传染病报告信息管理系统中2011—2015年宁海县肺结核病例,采用描述性分析方法分析该县≥60岁老年人肺结核报告发病情况。结果 2011—2015年宁海县老年人肺结核报告发病324例,年均报告发病率为63.10/10万,高于全人群的36.73/10万(P0.05)。其中涂阳肺结核140例,年均涂阳报告发病率为27.27/10万,高于全人群的12.89/10万(P0.05)。70岁~组老年人肺结核年均报告发病率为67.02/10万,其涂阳肺结核年均报告发病率为33.51/10万。男性年均报告发病率为93.42/10万(涂阳39.35/10万),女性年均报告发病率为33.12/10万(涂阳14.45/10万)。结论宁海县老年人肺结核发病仍较多,建议针对老年人群,特别是老年男性人群开展肺结核常规体检工作。     

2013-2019年河南省某县结核病4次抽样调查结果

目的 了解河南省尉氏县居民结核病疫情特征及变化趋势,探讨降低结核病患病率和发病率,提高结核病患者发现率,及有效控制结核病疫情的措施。方法 选择河南省尉氏县有地区代表性的社区作为调查现场,在2013-2015年及2019年每年开展1次抽样调查,每次抽样人口不少于3.5万人,对其中结核病发病重点人群（可疑症状者、结核患者密切接触者、既往结核患者、糖尿病患者、HIV感染者及65岁以上老年人）进行体检,发现结核病患者,分析结核病疫情特征和变化趋势。结果 4次调查共做问卷和访谈120 419人次,4次应检人口接受调查和健康教育的比例均>90%。2013年、2014年、2015年和2019年活动性肺结核患病率分别为216.8/10万、142.6/10万、89.4/10万和51.3/10万,发病率分别为166.8/10万、109.4/10万、61.9/10万和28.9/10万;涂阳患病率分别为23.4/10万、16.6/10万、13.7/10万和6.4/10万,菌阳患病率分别为40.0/10万、29.8/10万、24.1/10万和19.2/.10万。肺结核患者中,无症状者占44.7%,无症状者...     

Vocational support in mental health service delivery in Australia

Background: Individuals experiencing severe and persistent mental illness report a desire to gain and sustain work. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based approach to vocational rehabilitation to support competitive employment outcomes.

Aim/Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether a joint-governance management partnership, between a clinical adult mental health and an employment service, could deliver a sustained IPS program in Australia.

Materials and Method: The methodology entailed a Clinical Data Mining approach, to examine records from seven years of implementation of IPS in one setting within an Australian public mental health service context.

Results/Findings: Despite the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and an older mean age (39 years), indicating that a large proportion of the cohort had experienced serious mental illness for over twenty years, findings were that 46.3% of participants achieved employment.

Conclusions: This is an excellent result and is comparable to the only randomised control trial, with adult services, in the Australian context, which found a 42.5% employment rate possible under IPS compared with just 23.5% with referral to external employment services.

Significance: More extensive trialling of IPS across clinical services is required, in Australia and internationally, including fidelity protocols, for knowledge translation to be achieved.     

Occupational balance in health professionals in Sweden

Background: Health care employees are often women, a group that has high degrees of sick leave and perhaps problems attaining occupational balance. However, people think differently about their everyday activities and it is therefore important to take their perceptions into account but occupational balance has not yet been measured in health professionals. The aim was to describe occupational balance in three different samples of health professionals in Sweden. A further aim was to investigate whether occupational therapists (OTs) rate their occupational balance differently from other health professionals.

Material and method: Four hundred and eighty-two health professionals, employees in public dentistry, mental health care and OTs, aged 21–70 years participated. The participants’ occupational balance was measured using the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ).

Results: The ratings of occupational balance were similar to earlier studies and did not differ significantly between the samples. The OTs’ occupational balance was also similar to that of the other health professionals.

Conclusion: The similarities in occupational balance indicate the same difficulties in attaining it.

Significance: The result highlights the possibility that working people face similar difficulties in achieving occupational balance. Further research is warranted about how to attain it.     

21st century research in urban WASH and health in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and outcomes in transition

Tackling global inequalities in access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) remains an urgent issue – 58% of annual diarrhoeal deaths are caused by inadequate WASH provision. A global context of increasing urbanisation, changing demographics and health transitions demands an understanding and impact of WASH on a broad set of health outcomes. We examine the literature, in terms of health outcomes, considering WASH access and interventions in urban sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2017. Our review of studies which evaluate the effectiveness of specific WASH interventions, reveals an emphasis of WASH research on acute communicable diseases, particularly diarrhoeal diseases. In contrast, chronic communicable and non-communicable health outcomes were notable gaps in the literature as well as a lack of focus on cross-cutting issues, such as ageing, well-being and gender equality. We recommend a broader focus of WASH research and interventions in urban Africa to better reflect the demographic and health transitions happening.

Abbreviations: CBA: Controlled Before and After; GSD: Government Service Delivery; IWDSSD: International Drinking-Water, Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD); KAP: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices; IBD: Irritable Bowel Diseases; MDG: Millennium Development Goals; NTD: Neglected Tropical Diseases; PSSD: Private Sector Service Delivery; SDG: Sustainable Development Goals; SSA: Sub Saharan Africa; SODIS: Solar Disinfection System; STH: Soil Transmitted Helminths; RCT: Randomised Control Trial; WASH: Water Sanitation and Hygiene; WHO: World Health Organization     

Ethnic differentials in under-five mortality in Nigeria

Objective. There are huge regional disparities in under-five mortality in Nigeria. While a region within the country has as high as 222 under-five deaths per 1000 live births, the rate is as low as 89 per 1000 live births in another region. Nigeria is culturally diverse as there are more than 250 identifiable ethnic groups in the country; and various ethnic groups have different sociocultural values and practices which could influence child health outcome. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the ethnic differentials in under-five mortality in Nigeria.

Design. The study utilized 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample drawn from 33,385 women aged 15–49 that had a total of 104,808 live births within 1993–2008. In order to examine ethnic differentials in under-five mortality over a sufficiently long period of time, our analysis considered live births within 15 years preceding the 2008 NDHS. The risks of death in children below age five were estimated using Cox proportional regression analysis. Results were presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results. The study found substantial differentials in under-five mortality by ethnic affiliations. For instance, risks of death were significantly lower for children of the Yoruba tribes (HR: 0.39, CI: 0.37–0.42, p < 0.001), children of Igbo tribes (HR: 0.58, CI: 0.55–0.61, p < 0.001) and children of the minority ethnic groups (HR: 0.66, CI: 0.64–0.68, p < 0.001), compared to children of the Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri tribes. Besides, practices such as plural marriage, having higher-order births and too close births showed statistical significance for increased risks of under-five mortality (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The findings of this study stress the need to address the ethnic norms and practices that negatively impact on child health and survival among some ethnic groups in Nigeria.     

Hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users in Bavaria: risk factors for seropositivity

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the most common disease among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Patients and method: All patients admitted to the detoxification unit 1991–1997 and meeting ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid dependency were tested for anti-HCV serology. Results: Thousand and forty nine patients were included in the study. About 61.3% of the IDUs were anti-HCV positive. Increasing age (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.34–1.60), living with a significant other drug user (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), history of therapy (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50–1.74), history of imprisonment (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61), history of emergency treatment (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), additional daily consumption of benzodiazepines (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–2.21) or alcohol (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14–1.38), frequency of injecting heroin (daily: PR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; previously: PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) and type of opioid dependency (methadone: PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41) were significant factors, considered as individual factors, for positive anti-HCV serology. Using multiple logistic regression we found that older age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30–9.67), longer duration of opioid use (OR: 5.74; 95% CI: 1.82–18.13), living with a significant other drug user (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01–2.16), history of therapy (OR: 4.87; 95% CI: 1.67–14.20), history of imprisonment (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.12–3.28), history of emergency treatment (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and additional daily consumption of alcohol (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04–2.13) remained independently associated with positive anti-HCV serology. Conclusions: These data support the need for early prevention strategies, namely, education of teachers in schools and further training of counsellors informing IDUs of what they can do to minimise the risk of becoming infected or of transmitting infectious agents to others.     

Inhibin B in seminiferous tubules of human testes in normal spermatogenesis and in idiopathic infertility

Inhibin B is one of the most significant serum markers of spermatogenesis, but its testicular expression has been poorly studied. Inhibin B sensitivity as well as the ability to reflect the level and condition of spermatogenesis and forecast certain changes in reproductive homeostasis in males is still a subject of active discussion. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of expression of inhibin B in cells of human seminiferous tubules in normal and in pathological spermatogenesis (idiopathic infertility) by revealing the proportion of immunostaining cells for inhibin B. The research conducted included analysis of testicular tissue samples taken from 82 males diagnosed with infertility and nonobstructive azoospermia. The influence of inhibin on the germ cells of men aged 22–35 been analyzed using the immunohistochemical method. According to the obtained results, high expression of inhibin can be detected both in Sertoli (98.0 ± 2.66) and Leydig (94.0 ± 1.55) cells in patients suffering from focal spermatogenesis disorders (mixed atrophy), in comparison with the men in the control group (65.9 ± 0.44 and 12.0 ± 0.44, respectively). The level of inhibin expression in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia was 4.0 ± 0.22 in control group of fertile men, while it was significantly increased in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome with focal spermatogenesis (45.0 ± 0.44). In the case of severe lesion to the seminiferous tubules (e.g., tubular hyalinization), the lowest level of inhibin expression in Sertoli cells is detected, whereas the immunostaining in Leydig cells showed only slight changes. Further histological research of Sertoli cells and inhibin B expression is necessary because, according to our data, the degree of inhibin B expression may be a useful marker of Sertoli cells function which can lead to new findings in the concept of local reproductive homeostasis in testis that may be impaired in some forms of idiopathic infertility in males.

Abbreviations: β-TGF: β-transforming growth factor family; GCA: germ cell abnormalities/atypia; JS: Johnsen score; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; TESE: testicular sperm extraction; LH: luteinizing hormone; F-Testo: free testosterone; ELISA: the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CV: coefficient of variance; DR: range of definitions; AZF: azoospermia factorI; HC: immunohistochemical; HIER: heat induction of epitope retrieval; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin     

Differential inequity in health expectancy by region in Belgium

Summary. Objectives: To evaluate the size of social inequities in health between regions in Belgium using a composite health measure, the disability free life expectancy (DFLE). Methods: Mortality data (5-years follow-up of the 1991 census) are combined with the 1997 Health Interview Survey to estimate the DFLE by education. Differences in partial life expectancy_25–74 (LE_25–74) and in DFLE_25–74 between those at the bottom and those at the top of a relative social scale are used to compare the regional inequities. Results: The higher educated person has a longer LE, with more years free of disability and less years with disability (in years: Flemish males: LE = 46.48; DFLE = 42.08; Walloon males: LE = 44.92; DFLE = 39.80; Flemish females: LE = 47.90; DFLE =41.93; Walloon females: LE = 46.90; DFLE = 39.84) compared to the population at the bottom of the education hierarchy (in years: Flemish males: LE = 44.86; DFLE = 30.16; Walloon males: LE = 42.77; DFLE = 27.00; Flemish females: LE = 46.86; DFLE =28.30; Walloon females: LE = 45.44; DFLE = 25.30). The inequity in LE and in DFLE is larger in the Walloon Region than in the Flemish Region. Only the regional difference in inequity in LE is statistically significant. Conclusion: The DFLE can be used to monitor the size of health inequities. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Metabolomics analysis of follicular fluid in women with ovarian endometriosis undergoing in vitro fertilization

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a change in the follicular fluid metabolomics profile due to endometrioma is identifiable. Twelve women with ovarian endometriosis (aged<40 years, with a body mass index [BMI] of <30 kg/m²) and 12 age- and BMI-matched controls (women with infertility purely due to a male factor) underwent ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Follicular fluid samples were collected from both of groups at the time of oocyte retrieval for ICSI. Next, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed for the collected follicular fluids. The metabolic compositions of the follicular fluids were then compared using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of NMR data. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of NMR data showed that the metabolomic profiles of the follicular fluids obtained from the women with ovarian endometriosis were distinctly different from those obtained from the control group. In comparison with the controls, the follicular fluids of the women with ovarian endometriosis had statistically significant elevated levels of lactate, β-glucose, pyruvate, and valine. We conclude that the levels of lactate, β-glucose, pyruvate, and valine in the follicular fluid of the women with endometrioma were higher than those of the controls.

Abbreviations: ASRM: American Society for Reproductive Medicine; BMI: body mass index; CPMG: Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill; E₂: estradiol; ESHRE: European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology; ERETIC: electronic to access in vivo concentration; FF: follicular fluid; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; HEPES: 2-hydroxyethyl-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; PCA: principal component analysis; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; PLS-DA: partial least squares discriminant analysis; ppm: parts per million; PULCON: pulse length-based concentration determination; TSP: 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt; VIP: variable importance in projection     

Food Stabilizing Antioxidants Increase Nutrient Bioavailability in the in Vitro Model

Objective: We investigated whether antioxidants may enhance bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates and therefore increase the risk of obesity development.

Methods: We tested how supplementation with antioxidants (0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT], α-tocopherol, and green tea catechins) of a diet containing butter and wheat bread affects bioavailability of fats and carbohydrates. The absorption of the in vitro digested diet was estimated in the intestinal epithelia model of the Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwell chambers.

Results: In the case of the antioxidant-supplemented diets, we observed increased bioavailability of glucose, cholesterol, and lipids, as well as elevated secretion of the main chylomicron protein apoB-48 to the basal compartment. Importantly, we did not detect any rise in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the control samples prepared without antioxidants.

Conclusions: Addition of antioxidants (in particular BHT) to the diet increases bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates, which consequently may increase the risk of obesity development. The dose of antioxidants is a factor of fundamental importance, particularly for catechins: low doses increase absorption of lipids, whereas high doses exert the opposite effect.     

2016-2017年上海市社区糖尿病高危人群筛查结果分析

  目的  描述2016-2017年上海市社区居民糖尿病高危人群筛查的结果,分析糖调节受损及糖尿病患者的危险因素。  方法  选择上海市长宁区和松江区35岁及以上居民进行糖尿病风险评估,对高危人群进行体格检查和血糖检测。  结果  两个社区共完成筛查33 469人,检出糖调节受损者4 555名和糖尿病患者3 412名,检出率分别13.6%和10.2%。高危人群中,随着年龄增加,居民发生糖尿病（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）和糖调节受损（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）的风险均增加;郊区男性患糖尿病的风险低于城区男性（OR=0.873,95%CI:0.771~0.988）,而郊区女性发生糖调节受损的风险高于城区女性（OR=1.249,95%CI:1.131~1.379）;自述有糖调节受损史（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）、亲属有2型糖尿病家族史（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）、高血压（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）、血脂异常（男:P < 0.001;女:P=0.015）、体型超重/肥胖者（男:P < 0.001;女:P < 0.001）、长期静坐的生活方式的男性（P=0.002）和有多囊卵巢综合征史的女性（P=0.011）出现血糖异常的风险更高,居民的高危因素种类数越多,发生糖尿节受损和糖尿病的风险就越大（P < 0.001）。  结论  上海市社区糖尿病的发现和防治工作形势十分严峻,应继续加强对糖尿病高危人群的监测和干预,以减少糖尿病的发生。