冠心病患者血清游离脂肪酸、氧化脂蛋白(a)与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的分析冠心病(CAD)患者血清游离脂肪酸(NEFA)和氧化脂蛋白(a)[ox-Lp(a)]水平,探讨CAD患者该两种指标的关系,并评估其与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度的关系。方法选取急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者56例、稳定性冠心病(SCAD)患者62例和健康对照者71例;测定血清NEFA和ox-Lp(a)水平,同时分析血脂水平、冠状动脉病变支数和Gensini积分。结果与健康人对照组相比,血清ox-Lp(a)(t=4.91,P0.01)和NEFA(t=7.77,P0.01)水平在CAD患者中均升高,且ACS患者ox-Lp(a)(t=2.84,P0.01)、NEFA(t=4.22,P0.01)水平高于SCAD患者。CAD患者中,冠状动脉多支病变组血清ox-Lp(a)(t=2.52,P=0.014)、NEFA(t=3.21,P0.01)水平高于单支病变组。CAD患者血清ox-Lp(a)(r=0.193,P0.05)和NEFA(r=0.322,P0.01)水平均与Gensini积分呈正相关。多元线性回归分析显示,冠状动脉病变支数和血清NEFA水平共同决定了Gensini积分34.6%的变化(β分别为0.497和0.225,P均0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在校正了年龄、性别和其他血脂水平的影响后,血清高NEFA、ox-Lp(a)水平与ACS[ox-Lp(a),OR=1.159,95%CI=1.075~1.250,P0.01;NEFA,OR=1 118.185,95%CI=78.979~15 831.200,P0.01]、SCAD[ox-Lp(a),OR=1.082,95%CI=1.010~1.158,P0.05;NEFA,OR=65.007,95%CI=5.628~750.837,P0.01]的发生密切相关,且对ACS、SCAD的鉴别具有显著意义[ox-Lp(a),OR=1.072,95%CI=1.013~1.134,P0.05;NEFA,OR=17.201,95%CI=3.741~79.091,P0.01]。结论 CAD患者血清NEFA、ox-Lp(a)水平升高,且ACS患者NEFA、ox-Lp(a)水平高于SCAD患者;血清NEFA、ox-Lp(a)水平与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度密切相关。     

冠心病患者动脉血浆促栓因子的变化及其意义

目的:比较稳定冠心痛(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者动脉血浆VOn Willebrand因子von Willebrand Factor,vWF)、血小板活化因子(platelet-activating factor,PAF)水平在不同冠心痛类型的变化,以及与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系.方法:研究入选了88例稳定冠,心病,40例急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS).33例冠脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)正常的对照.收集临床和CAG资料.酶联免疫吸附测定技术测定主动脉根部血浆vWF和PAF.比较各组vWF和PAF异同.据冠脉病变数目和Gensini积分分组,比较各组vWF和PAF浓度.结果:(1)稳定CAD组动脉血浆vWF浓度显著高于CAG正常组[(14.03±0.86).g/mL vs (9.72 ±1.22)ng/mL,P:0.009 2],ACS组vWF浓度虽较CAG正常组有增高趋势,但差异无显著性(p=0.0874).而PAF浓度3组间比较差异无显著性(P=0.621 2).(2)动脉血浆vWF和PAF浓度在冠脉病变数目和Gesini积分分组比较中无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:稳定CAD患者动脉血浆vWF水平明显升高;ACS 1周后vWF水平已经明显下降.动脉血浆vWF、PAF水平与冠脉病变范围和冠脉病变严重程度没有密切联系.     

血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对冠心病患者心血管不良事件的预测价值

目的分析冠心病(CAD)患者血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)的水平,并评估sdLDL-C对CAD患者主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生风险的预测价值。方法检测93例急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)、48例稳定性CAD(SCAD)患者和123例健康对照者的血清sdLDL-C水平。计算CAD患者的Gensini积分,随访CAD患者1年内MACE的发生情况。采用Spearman相关和多元线性回归分析CAD患者血清sdLDL-C水平与Gensini积分的关系。采用多元Logistic回归分析血清sdLDL-C评估CAD发生风险的预测价值。采用Cox回归分析血清sdLDL-C评估CAD患者MACE发生风险的预测价值。结果ACS组血清sdLDL-C水平高于对照组(P<0.001)和SCAD组(P=0.038)。CAD患者血清sdLDL-C水平与Gensini积分独立相关(β=0.315,P=0.017,校正R^2=0.083)。多因素Logisitic回归分析显示,血清高sdLDL-C水平与ACS发生风险密切相关(OR=7.895,95%CI:2.344~26.589,P=0.001),且对ACS和SCAD的区分具有统计学意义(OR=5.948,95%CI:1.158~30.558,P=0.033)。随访1年内,CAD患者的MACE发生率为22.70%;发生MACE的CAD患者血清sdLDL-C水平高于未发生MACE的CAD患者(P=0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,血清高sdLDL-C水平与CAD患者MACE的发生风险密切相关(HR=5.326,95%CI:1.623~17.483,P=0.006)。结论ACS患者血清sdLDL-C水平升高;血清sdLDL-C可望作为评估CAD患者MACE发生风险的预测指标。     

冠心病患者血浆视黄醇结合蛋白与氧化低密度脂蛋白水平的相关性研究

摘要：目的：探讨冠心病患者血浆视黄醇结合蛋白（retinolbinding protein, RBP）水平与氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein, ox-LDL）水平的相关性。 方法：分别采用免疫比浊法、ELISA法测定59例急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome, ACS）、62例稳定性冠心病（stable coronary artery disease, SCAD）患者和66例健康人（对照组）血浆RBP及oxLDL水平。 结果：ACS、SCAD患者RBP、ox-LDL水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）,而ACS组ox-LDL水平高于SCAD组（P＜0.01）。单因素分析显示血浆RBP分别与ox-LDL （r=0.312, P=0.001）和三酰甘油（TG）（r=0.251, P=0.006）水平呈正相关;ox-LDL分别与总胆固醇（TC）、TG、LDL-C相关。多元回归分析表明,冠心病患者血浆中RBP（β=0.260, P=0.018）、TG（β=0.496,P=0.000）及HDL-C（β=0.286, P=0.007）共同决定37.9%的ox-LDL水平变化。 结论：冠心病患者血浆RBP与ox-LDL水平相关。     

血清补体C1q水平预测与区分急性冠脉综合征和稳定性冠心病的临床价值

目的探讨冠心病(CAD)患者血清补体1q(C1q)的水平,评估其对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和稳定性冠心病(SCAD)的预测与区分价值。方法选取52例ACS患者、66例SCAD患者和54例健康人对照者纳入研究。采用免疫透射比浊法测定血清C1q、ELISA法测定血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL);同时分析血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平;计算CAD患者Gensini积分;并通过逐步多元线性回归分析和Logistic回归分析探讨C1q对ACS和SCAD的预测与区分价值。结果与健康人对照组相比,ACS(C1q:t=4.405,P0.001;ox-LDL:Z=5.941,P0.001)和SCAD(C1q:t=2.320,P=0.022;ox-LDL:Z=4.119,P0.001)组血清C1q、ox-LDL水平均显著升高;且ACS组血清C1q(t=2.344,P=0.021)、ox-LDL(Z=2.166,P=0.030)水平显著高于SCAD组。ACS组血清C1q水平与ox-LDL(r=0.246,P=0.028)、TG(r=0.232,P=0.002)及Gensini积分(r=0.341,P=0.020)呈显著正相关;逐步多元线性回归分析显示,在校正了年龄、性别及其他生化指标的影响后,ACS患者血清ox-LDL水平仍与C1q呈显著独立相关(β=0.676,P=0.045,校正R2=0.380)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,血清C1q、ox-LDL水平的升高均与ACS(C1q:OR=1.05,95%CI=1.03~1.08,P0.001;ox-LDL:OR=1.18,95%CI=1.08~1.29,P0.001)、SCAD(C1q:OR=1.04,95%CI=1.01~1.06,P=0.003;ox-LDL:OR=1.11,95%CI=1.03~1.18,P=0.004)的发生密切相关;且有助于区分ACS和SCAD发生(C1q:OR=1.01,95%CI=1.00~1.03,P=0.022;ox-LDL:OR=1.06,95%CI=1.01~1.12,P=0.023)。结论 CAD患者血清C1q水平升高;且ACS患者C1q水平高于SCAD患者。ACS患者血清C1q与ox-LDL水平显著独立相关。血清C1q水平可望作为预测与区分ACS和SCAD的新指标。     

血清同型半胱氨酸与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）水平与急性冠状动脉（下称冠脉）综合征患者冠脉病变支数及冠脉狭窄程度（以Gensini冠脉病变积分为评价标准）的相关性。方法以酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测急性冠脉综合征患者（ACS组,n=51）、稳定型心绞痛患者（SA组,n=20）、非冠心病患者（NCHD组,n=23）的血清HCY水平,并分析其与冠心痛严重程度的关系。结果ACS组患者血清HCY水平高于NCHD组和SA组患者,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）;SA组患者血清HCY水平高于NCHD组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;ACS组患者外周血清HcY水平与冠脉病变支数呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（r=0．497,P〈0．01）,且与Gensini积分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（r=0．446,P〈O．01）。结论ACS组患者血清HCY水平明显高于SA组和NCHD组患者,表明该指标可能与冠脉易损斑块的病理生理相关;ACS患者血清HCY水平与冠脉病变支数及Gensini积分呈正相关,进一步提示血清HCY水平的升高可能与急性冠脉综合征的发生发展相关。     

血浆vaspin浓度与急性冠脉综合征的相关性

目的探讨血浆腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Vaspin)浓度与急性冠脉综合征的相关性。方法选择稳定型心绞痛患者共87例(SAP组),急性冠脉综合征患者共51例(ACS组),另外选择50例冠状动脉正常者为对照组。检测血清vaspin水平,Gensini积分方法评估冠脉病变程度并分析。结果 ACS组血清vaspin水平显著低于SAP组和对照组,ACS组Gensini积分显著高于SAP组和对照组,差异均有显著性(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析发现,各组血清vaspin水平与Gensini积分具有显著负相关关系(r=-0.762~-0.812;P0.001)。多支病变组血清vaspin水平显著低于单支病变组和2支病变组。结论血清vaspin水平可作为反映急性冠脉综合征患者冠脉病变的新的血清标记物。     

稳定性冠心病B型利钠肽水平与冠脉病变及介入的关系

目的:初步探讨稳定性冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者静脉血浆B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平与冠脉病变的关系,以及药物洗脱支架植入前后BNP水平的变化.方法:研究入选了88例稳定性CAD,均经冠脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)证实.收集临床、CAG和经皮冠脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)资料.所有入选者微粒子酶免分析法(化学发光法)测定静脉BNP浓度.其中29例在DES植入后进行了CAG复查和BNP测定.结果:BNP水平在单支病变组(123.51±18.50)pg/mL,2支病变组(148.32±34.97)pg/mL,3支病变(166.11±28.53)pg/mL,组间BNP浓度比较差异无显著性(P=0.493 3).Gensini 积分≤33组BNP水平为(118.94±16.47)pg/mL;Gensini积分＞33组为(180.59±27.35)pg/mL,P=0.046 8.DES植入8个月后BNP水平明显降低[(230.43±48.81)pg/mLvs(149.33±17.49)pg/mL,P=0.038 2].结论:冠脉痛变越重,BNP水平越高;稳定性CAD患者DES植入8个月后BNP水平明显降低.     

NLR、WBC对毒蛇咬伤严重程度的预测价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、白细胞计数(WBC)对毒蛇咬伤严重程度的预测价值。方法对2015年5月至2017年5月该院收治的124例毒蛇咬伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。依据病情严重程度分为危重型组、重型组和轻型组;危(重)型患者包括危重型患者及重型患者。比较各组的一般情况、WBC及NLR。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR、WBC对毒蛇咬伤严重程度的预测价值。结果 3组间的NLR、WBC比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),危重型组NLR、WBC高于重型组、轻型组;重型组NLR、WBC高于轻型组。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,预测危重型毒蛇咬伤严重程度,NLR曲线下面积为0.785(95%CI:0.636~0.933,P=0.000),WBC曲线下面积为0.705(95%CI:0.659~0.934,P=0.000)。预测危(重)型毒蛇咬伤严重程度,NLR曲线下面积为0.702(95%CI:0.593~0.811,P=0.000),WBC曲线下面积为0.797(95%CI:0.595~0.814,P=0.000)。结论 NLR、WBC是预测毒蛇咬伤严重程度的有用指标。     

Lp—PLA2与冠心病冠脉病变程度及内皮功能的相关性研究

【目的】探讨冠心病（CHD）患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）水平与冠脉病变程度及内皮功能的相关性。【方法】选择本科室收治的行冠脉造影的连续病例300例,根据诊断结果将其分为cHD组（n=250）和非CHD组（n=50）,比较两组血清Lp-PLA2、肱动脉血流介导的内皮舒张功能（FMD）;计算CHD组患者冠脉病变Gensini积分,根据Gensini积分不同分为低Gensini积分组（LS组）、中Gensini积分组（MS组）和高Gensini积分组（HS组）,比较不同冠脉病变患者血清Lp-PLA2、FMD、Gensini积分及三者之间的相关性。【结果1CHD组血清Lp-PLA2水平显著高于非CHD组,FMD显著低于非CHD组,差异均具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清Lp-PLA2水平、Gensini积分均高于稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者,FMD低于SAP纽,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HS纽血清Lp-PLA2水平高于LS组、MS纽,FMD低于LS组、Ms组,差异均具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;MS组血清Lp-PLA2水平高于LS组,FMD低于LS组,差异均具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。血清Lp-PLA2水平与FMD呈显著负相关,与Gensini积分呈显著正相关;Gensini积分与FMD呈显著负相关。【结论]Lp-PLA2是CHD患者的危险因素,并与CHD患者冠脉病变程度及FMD相关,而与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展的关系尚须进一步深入的临床研究。     

Coronary Occlusion and Coronary Insufficiency

Acute coronary attacks may be divided clinically, electrocardiographically, pathologically and therapeutically into (i) classical angina pectoris, (2) acute coronary insufficiency and (3) acute coronary occlusion. In 1000 consecutive cardiac consultations, 450 of 618 cases with organic heart disease had coronary artery disease. Of these 450 cases, 38 per cent had chronic coronary insufficiency (angina pectoris or congestive failure), 26 per cent had acute coronary insufficiency, and 36 per cent had acute coronary occlusion. The differentiation between coronary occlusion and insufficiency which can be made electrocardiographically in 95 per cent of cases is discussed in this paper.     

Coronary CT Angiography for the Detection of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Contemporary CT scanners offer high temporal and spatial resolution, permitting visualization of the rapidly moving heart and coronary arteries. The imaging of coronary artery lumen and detection of obstructive coronary artery disease is feasible with 64-detector-row and higher generation CT scanners. The diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography as compared to invasive coronary angiography is good (sensitivity of 85%–100%, specificity of 85%–99%). The major strength of coronary CT angiography is the high negative predictive value (96% to 99%) that permits excluding significant coronary artery stenosis with high accuracy, when optimal image quality is achieved. Therefore, coronary CT angiography is an appropriate diagnostic test for a selected patient population with a low to intermediate probability of coronary artery disease.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的比较64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的价值。方法选择冠心病患者120例,所有患者均接受64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像及冠状动脉造影检查,比较两种检查方法对冠状动脉狭窄的显示情况及其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率及阴性预测率。结果 (1)以冠状动脉造影为标准,64排螺旋CT冠脉成像显示的轻度冠脉狭窄数量较多,而中度及重度冠脉狭窄的数量较少,经统计学分析,两种检查方法间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(2)依照冠脉造影的标准,64排螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄(≥50%)诊断的敏感性及特异性为96.4%(137/142)和96.8%(274/283),阳性预测率及阴性预测率为93.8%(137/146)和98.2%(274/279)。结论 64排螺旋CT在冠脉病变的诊断中具有较高的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率和阴性预测率。     

冠状动脉微栓塞后冠状动脉阻抗变化的实验研究

目的:经导管建立冠状动脉微栓塞模型,观察冠脉微栓塞后冠脉阻抗的变化情况。方法:15头小型猪,通过导管方法建立急性冠脉微栓塞模型,观察微栓塞前、微栓塞后2、6h及1周时冠脉阻抗和冠脉阻抗储备的变化情况。结果:在微栓塞前、微栓塞后2h、6h及1周时基础冠脉阻抗分别为2.448±1.891mmHg·mL-1·s-1,3.229±2.872mmHg·mL-1·s-1,3.197±3.227mmHg·mL-1·s-1和3.466±2.683mmHg·mL-1·s-1;冠脉一次谐波阻抗分别为0.538±0.559mmHg·mL-1·s-1,1.604±1.727mmHg·mL-1·s-1,0.834±0.858mmHg·mL-1·s-1和1.233±1.809mmHg·mL-1·s-1;最小冠脉阻抗分别为1.778±1.352mmHg·mL-1·s-1,2.577±2.276mmHg·mL-1·s-1,2.710±2.733mmHg·mL-1·s-1和3.039±2.671mmHg·mL-1·s-1;冠脉一次谐波最小阻抗分别为0.388±0.395mmHg·mL-1·s-1,0.947±0.844mmHg·mL-1·s-1,1.639±1.9780mmHg·mL-1·s-1,0.716±0.624mmHg·mL-1·s-1(其中微栓塞后6h与微栓塞前相比有显著差异,P<0.05)。冠脉阻抗储备分别为1.463±0.235,1.265±0.105,1.160±0.068和1.276±0.266(其中微栓塞后6h与微栓塞前相比有显著差异,P<0.05)。对冠脉阻抗数据进行校正后发现,冠脉阻抗储备和冠脉一次谐波最小阻抗是反映微栓塞后微循环功能变化最为敏感的指标。结论:急性冠脉微栓塞后冠脉阻抗呈逐渐升高又恢复正常的变化趋势,而冠脉阻抗储备呈逐渐下降又恢复正常的变化趋势。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术造影分析

本文报道７０例经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的造影初步经验。作者们将冠心病冠状动脉造影发现的冠状动脉狭窄形态分为单纯型与复杂型。本组结果显示，稳定型劳累性心绞痛常为单纯型病变，而冠心病的其它类型常为复杂型病变。还发现，单纯型病变在经皮腔内冠状脉动脉成形术后，很少发生再狭窄，但复杂型则常发生再狭窄。本文还讨论了当前经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的造影特点和Ｘ线投照技术的重要性。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术与旋磨术治疗冠心病

本文报告我院1992年7月至1994年11月间采用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗13例冠心病,对18支血管18处病变进行扩张,狭窄度由78±11％降至17±11％;采用经皮冠状动脉腔内斑块旋磨治疗6例冠心病,对13支血管17处斑块进行旋磨,狭窄度由86±9％降至14±6％。PTCA和PTCRA是治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化安全而有效的方法。     

Coronary stents

Since the introduction of coronary stents into clinical practice in the late 1980s, the number of stent implantations has increased so rapidly that stents are currently used in over 80 percent of all percutaneous coronary interventions. Although stent implantation was initially limited to large vessels with proximal and discrete lesions, improvements in stent design and implantation technique now allow their deployment in more complex lesions in smaller and diffusely diseased vessels. The overall acceptance of stents by interventional cardiologists can be attributed to favorable acute and longterm results compared to balloon angioplasty alone. Interventionalists have also been quick to embrace the smoother and larger lumen after stenting, in a shorter procedure time and with no additional risk, especially since the risk of stent thrombosis has been overcome by the introduction of dual antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin and Ticlopidine or Clopidogrel. Although restenosis and the need for reinterventions is lower after stenting compared to balloon angioplasty it still remains significant with about 15 percent of all patients returning for an other revascularization procedure. Meanwhile, a completely new generation of stents promises to eliminate the problem of restenosis. Drug-eluting stents, coated with antiproliferative substances have been successfully tested in small randomized trials. The restenosis rates at 6 and 12 months were extremely low ranging between zero and nine percent, with no clinical drawbacks so far. If these results hold up in longer follow up and in real life practice with more complex lesions stented the treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease will change even more dramatically.     

Coronary angioplasty

The decision to initiate long-term treatment of ventricular arrhythmias has always been difficult because of the substantial morbidity produced by many drugs and the potential for inducing proarrhythmia. Five recently introduced antiarrhythmic agents promise to enhance the physician's chances of prescribing effective therapy. In this article, the authors review the pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy of these newer agents and offer a clinical perspective on their use.     

Coronary Thrombolysis

Randomized trials have demonstrated the overall benefits and risks of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, and have evaluated adjunctive drug therapies, adjunctive and primary angioplasty, various approaches to the timing of thrombolysis, and post-thrombolysis management. Three questions, which remain unanswered, are addressed in this Point-Counterpoint Series. The GUSTO trial provides convincing evidence of the greater efficacy of rt-PA by comparison to SK, but the size of the benefit is uncertain, as are the risk benefit ratios and cost-effectiveness in various patient subgroups. The issues of whether or not routine angiography is appropriate for patients who have received coronary thrombolysis remains unresolved. For the present, clinical guidelines are likely to advise against routine angiography, while many cardiologists, concerned about the shortcomings of available studies, may wish to undertake coronary angiography in many of their patients, even though definitive proof of its benefit is lacking. Although randomized clinical trials suggest a benefit of primary angioplasty over thrombolytic therapy, further studies are required to clarify the comparative benefits in terms of clinically important outcomes and cost-effectiveness.