醋酸染色联合窄带成像对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的诊断价值

目的:探讨内镜醋酸染色联合窄带成像模式对幽门螺杆菌阳性患者胃黏膜肠上皮化生(gastric intestinal metaplasia,GIM)病灶的诊断效果以及在筛查中的价值。方法:对93例幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者进行胃镜检查,分别在常规白光(esophagogastroduodenoscopy,EGD)、醋酸染色(acetic acid chromoendoscopy,ACC)、ACC联合窄带成像(narrow band imaging,NBI)3种模式下进行观察诊断并活检,比较3种模式下对GIM的诊断效果。结果:ACC+NBI模式的灵敏度为92.06%,远高于ACC模式的74.60%及EGD模式的30.16%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),3种模式的特异度差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EGD、ACC、ACC+NBI模式的ROC曲线AUC分别为0.584、0.790、0.860。结论:ACC联合NBI模式能明显提高内镜下胃黏膜GIM的诊断,是胃黏膜GIM筛查的良好工具。     

Tunneled biopsy is an underutilised,simple, safe and efficient method for tissue acquisition from subepithelial tumours

BACKGROUNDTissue acquisition from subepithelial lesions is often attempted by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-sampling as conventional endoscopic biopsy usually fails to reach deeper layers of the gastrointestinal wall. AIMTo investigate the utilisation, safety and diagnostic yield of an intensified “bite-on-bite” tunnel biopsy technique. METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, all patients presenting with subepithelial masses in the upper gastrointestinal tract from March 2013 to July 2019 were included. Data were analysed for size and location of the subepithelial mass, use of intensified tunnel biopsy protocol (more than 10 double bite-on-bite biopsies) or superficial conventional biopsies, histology and imaging results, occurrence of readmission and adverse events after endoscopy.RESULTSTwo hundred and twenty-nine patients with subepithelial lesions were included. Superficial conventional biopsies were taken in 117 patients and were diagnostic only in one lipoma (0.9 %). Tunnel biopsies taken in 112/229 (48.9%) patients were significantly more likely to provide histological diagnosis (53.6%; P < 0.001). For lesions ≥ 10mm the diagnostic yield of tunnel biopsies further increased to 41/67 (61.2%). No immediate or delayed complications were reported. Only 8 of the 51 endoscopists (15.7%) regularly attempted tunnel biopsies. CONCLUSIONTunnel biopsy is a simple, safe and efficient but underutilised diagnostic modality for tissue acquisition in subepithelial masses. It should be routinely attempted at the initial endoscopy.     

Clinically significant endoscopic findings in patients of dyspepsia with no warning symptoms: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUNDDyspepsia is one of the commonest clinical disorder. However, controversy remains over the role of endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia. No studies have evaluated the diagnostic value of endoscopy in patients with no warning symptoms according to the Rome IV criteria.AIMTo study the diagnostic value of endoscopy in dyspeptic patients with no warning symptoms.METHODSThis cross-sectional study included dyspeptic patients with no warning symptoms who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from April 2018 to February 2019. The clinical data were collected using questionnaires, including dyspeptic information, warning symptoms, other diseases, family history and basic demographic data. Based on dyspeptic symptoms, patients can be divided into epigastric pain syndrome, postprandial distress syndrome or overlapping subtypes.RESULTSA total of 1016 cases were enrolled, 304 (29.9%) had clinically significant findings that were detectable by endoscopy. The endoscopy findings included esophageal lesions in 180 (17.7%) cases, peptic ulcers in 115 (11.3%) cases and malignancy in 9 (0.89%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males [odds ratio (OR) = 1.758, P < 0.001], body mass index > 25 (OR = 1.660; P = 0.005), epigastric pain (OR = 1.423; P = 0.019) and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 1.949; P < 0.001) were independently associated with risk factors for the presence of clinically significant findings on endoscopy. CONCLUSIONChinese patients with dyspepsia with no warning symptoms should undergo endoscopy, particularly males, patients with body mass index > 25, epigastric pain or Helicobacter pylori infection.     

Combination of artificial intelligence‐based endoscopy and miR148a methylation for gastric indefinite dysplasia diagnosis

Background and AimGastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy‐based pathological findings are needed to diagnose early gastric cancer. However, the information of biopsy specimen is limited because of the topical procedure; therefore, pathology doctors sometimes diagnose as gastric indefinite for dysplasia (GIN).MethodsWe compared the accuracy of physician‐performed endoscopy (trainee, n = 3; specialists, n = 3), artificial intelligence (AI)‐based endoscopy, and/or molecular markers (DNA methylation: BARHL2, MINT31, TET1, miR‐148a, miR‐124a‐3, NKX6‐1; mutations: TP53; and microsatellite instability) in diagnosing GIN lesions. We enrolled 24,388 patients who underwent endoscopy, and 71 patients were diagnosed with GIN lesions. Thirty‐two cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in 71 GIN lesions and 32 endoscopically resected tissues were assessed by endoscopists, AI, and molecular markers to identify benign or malignant lesions.ResultsThe board‐certified endoscopic physicians group showed the highest accuracy in the receiver operative characteristic curve (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.931), followed by a combination of AI and miR148a DNA methylation (AUC: 0.825), and finally trainee endoscopists (AUC: 0.588).ConclusionAI with miR148s DNA methylation‐based diagnosis is a potential modality for diagnosing GIN.     

窄带成像与放大染色技术在诊断胃癌及癌前病变中的对比研究

目的应用窄带成像技术（NBI）和放大染色技术对胃可疑病变处进行观察,比较两种技术在诊断胃癌及癌前病变中的差异。方法选取2008年10月至12月进行放大胃镜检查患者中胃小凹分型为Ⅲ型以上的40例患者作为研究对象,对可疑病变处依次进行放大胃镜、NBI放大胃镜和放大染色胃镜观察,对三者图像的清晰度、胃小凹分型评价情况以及胃癌和癌前病变诊断情况进行比较。结果在这40例患者中,NBI放大胃镜下观察病变清晰度明显高于放大胃镜下和放大染色胃镜下（P〈0．05）;NBI放大胃镜与放大染色胃镜在胃小凹分型的评价方面,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;NBI放大胃镜对胃癌及癌前病变诊断的准确性、敏感性、特异性与放大染色胃镜比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论NBI通过对胃小凹形态改变的观察,从而发现可疑病变,精确引导活检,有助于提高胃癌及癌前病变的检出率。     

Enhanced magnification endoscopy in the upper gastrointestinal tract

In diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and celiac disease, the mucosal abnormality is patchy or irregular, highlighting the need for targeted biopsies. Enhanced magnification endoscopy is an effective, readily available method that can be used to assist in target biopsies and endoscopic diagnosis leading to an endoscopic classification system. The technique is not difficult and adds only an additional 5 to 10 minutes to a standard endoscopic procedure;however, most endoscopists never receive instruction in magnification endoscopy during their training. The value of this technique is still being explored, but the improvement in diagnostic accuracy will have an impact on decreasing morbidity and mortality without a large increase in cost. Increased use of this technique will aid in the diagnosis of celiac disease and simplify the classification system for Barrett's esophagus. Using enhanced magnification endoscopy at multiple centers in studies will help to determine the intra- and inter-observer variability, define the endoscopic criteria for dysplasia and early neoplastic changes, and standardize the visualized mucosal patterns more clearly.     

Safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with acute coronary syndrome and concomitant gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUNDGastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a major concern in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due to the common use of both antiplatelet medications and anticoagulants. Studies evaluating the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) in ACS patients with GIB are limited by their relatively small size, and the focus has generally been on upper GIB and esophago-gastroduod-enoscopy (EGD) only. AIMTo evaluate the safety profile and the hospitalization outcomes of undergoing GIE in patients with ACS and concomitant GIB using the national database for hospitalized patients in the United States.METHODSThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was queried to identify patients hospitalized with ACS and GIB during the same admission between 2005 and 2014. The International Classification of Diseases Code, 9^th Revision Clinical Modification was utilized for patient identification. Patients were further classified into two groups based on undergoing endoscopic procedures (EGD, small intestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy). Both groups were compared regarding demographic information, outcomes, and comorbi-dities. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with mortality and prolonged length of stay. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, while Student’s t-test was used to compare continuous variables. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC, United States).RESULTSA total of 35612318 patients with ACS were identified between January 2005 and December 2014. 269483 (0.75%) of the patients diagnosed with ACS developed concomitant GIB during the same admission. At least one endoscopic procedure was performed in 68% of the patients admitted with both ACS and GIB. Patients who underwent GIE during the index hospitalization with ACS and GIB had lower mortality (3.8%) compared to the group not undergoing endoscopy (8.6 %, P < 0.001). A shorter length of stay (LOS) was observed in patients who underwent GIE (mean 6.59 ± 7.81 d) compared to the group not undergoing endoscopy (mean 7.84 ± 9.73 d, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that performing GIE was associated with lower mortality (odds ratio: 0.58, P < 0.001) and shorter LOS (-0.36 factor, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONPerforming GIE during the index hospitalization of patients with ACS and GIB was correlated with a better mortality rate and a shorter LOS. Approximately two-thirds of patients with both ACS and GIB undergo GIE during the same hospitalization.     

放大内镜联合窄带成像在胃部早期肿瘤性病变患者中的应用效果

目的探讨放大内镜联合窄带成像(ME-NBI)在胃部早期肿瘤性病变患者中的应用效果。方法选取2013年1月-2016年6月于该院消化内镜中心行内镜检查的151例可疑胃早癌患者为研究对象,所有患者先行普通白光内镜(WLE)检查,然后行ME-NBI检查和靶向活检,重点测量腺管间质距离(以下简称腺间距),根据病理结果分为早癌组[高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)、黏膜内癌、黏膜下癌,n=72]和非早癌组[低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN),n=79]。比较两组的基线资料和ME-NBI征象,采用受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)来评价其对胃早癌的诊断价值。结果早癌组的边界线、不规则的黏膜微血管、不规则的表面腺管和腺间距升高的发生率明显高于非早癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ME-NBI对胃早癌的AUC为0.947,高于WLE的0.832,具有较高的诊断价值,其灵敏度(Se)、特异度(Sp)、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和Youden指数分别为97.2%、84.8%、85.4%、97.1%和0.820。腺间距对胃早癌的AUC为0.907,高于传统微血管纹理与表面结构(VS)分型的0.889,且VS分型与腺间距进行联合诊断的AUC达到0.933,其Se、Sp、PPV、NPV和Youden指数分别为95.8%、83.5%、84.1%、95.7%和0.794。结论 ME-NBI是胃早癌的重要诊断方法,腺间距具有客观性强、简便易行和可重复性好的优点,能辅助传统VS分型来判断病变性质。     

色素放大内镜对胃肠上皮化生及早期癌变的诊断价值

目的：探究色素放大内镜对胃肠上皮化生及早期癌变的诊断价值。方法选取慢性胃炎患者164例,分别由同一名资深技师先后对患者进行普通内镜及染色放大内镜检查,并与病理检查结果进行对比,比较两种检测方法对胃黏膜肠上皮化生及早期癌变诊断的优劣。结果色素放大内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生及早期癌变诊断与病理诊断结果有极高的一致性(Kappa 值=0.849、0.883,P <0.05)。色素放大内镜对肠上皮化生及胃早期癌变的敏感度(87.324%、87.805%),特异度(96.774%、98.374%)及准确度(92.683%、95.732%)明显大于普通内镜。结论色素放大内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生及胃早期癌变的诊断相对普通内镜检出率高,与病理结果一致性高。     

内镜智能分光比色技术诊断结肠肿瘤性病变的临床研究

目的探讨内镜智能分光比色技术（FICE）在诊断结肠肿瘤性病变的价值。方法选择2009年1月至2010年2月期间共781例患者进行常规内镜检查,其中发现结肠新生物或息肉样病变者共236例入选。分别采用常规放大技术、FICE放大技术及染色放大技术对病变进行腺管开口分型及微血管形态观察,对病变作出诊断,并与病理组织学诊断相比较。结果在236例患者中发现新生性病变431个,其中常规放大内镜下发现病变392个（91．0％）,FICE放大模式下发现病变FICE放大内镜发现病变421个（97．9％）,二者比较差异有统计学意义。FICE放大内镜比染色放大内镜更能清晰显示黏膜微血管结构形态（P〈0．01）,在显示腺管开口方面两者差异无统计学意义。FICE放大内镜对肿瘤性及非肿瘤性判断符合率为符合率90．7％,高于染色放大内镜82．3％（P〈0．01）。结论FICE放大内镜可以观察黏膜表面微细结构及微血管形态,对结肠肿瘤性及非肿瘤性病变诊断的符合率高于普通放大内镜及染色放大内镜,有利于结肠早期癌的发现,有良好的I临床应用价值。     

内镜窄带成像技术联合放大内镜诊断胃癌准确性的Meta分析

目的 探讨放大内镜联合窄带成像技术（ME-NBI）对胃癌的诊断价值。方法 全面检索Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PubMed、万方数据库、中国知网和维普中文数据库的相关文献,年限为建库至2019年12月,利用Meta-Disc 1.4和Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入34篇文献,包括7 255例胃癌患者和7 711处病灶。Meta分析结果显示：ME-NBI诊断胃癌准确性的合并灵敏度（SE）为0.87（95%CI：0.85～0.89）;特异度（SP）为0.96（95%CI：0.96～0.97）;约登指数（YI）为0.83;阳性似然比（LR+）为10.91（95%CI：7.16～16.61）;阴性似然比（LR-）为0.15（95%CI：0.11～0.20）;诊断优势比（DOR）为82.61（95%CI：46.64～146.31）;综合受试者工作特征曲线（SROC）下面积（AUC）为0.95（95%CI：0.93～0.97）。结论 ME-NBI对胃癌有较高的诊断价值,为胃癌诊断的重要手段,可指导临床工作。     

Gastric mucosal surface in cirrhosis evaluated by magnifying endoscopy and scanning electronic microscopy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Gastric mucosa may have several tiny patterns in portal hypertension. In this prospective study, we used magnifying endoscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to better characterize the morphology of gastric mucosa in patients with cirrhosis, and we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of magnifying endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Videotapes of gastric mucosal patterns from 39 cirrhotic patients and 20 control patients were blindly evaluated by the same observer using magnifying endoscopy (magnification x 25) and conventional endoscopy. SEM was performed in 12 other patients. The basic anatomical entities of the gastric architecture on conventional endoscopy were the gastric area in control patients and the mosaic pattern in patients with cirrhosis. RESULTS: With regard to the prevalence of endoscopic patterns in the antrum, the mosaic pattern was more frequent in cirrhotic patients. In the body, the mosaic pattern, white spots, and red marks were significantly more frequent in cirrhotic patients, whereas gastric areas were more frequent in control patients. Concerning the contributions of the techniques, significantly more gastric areas were identified by magnifying endoscopy than by conventional endoscopy. However, in multivariate analysis, only conventional endoscopy with esophageal varices had significant independent diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis, and magnifying endoscopy of mucosal signs did not add any significant information. SEM did not improve discrimination between control and cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Magnifying endoscopy provides more details of the mucosa, thus improving the delineation of gastric mucosal morphology. However, magnifying endoscopy has little clinical value in cirrhosis since it does not improve on the accuracy of conventional endoscopy for the diagnosis of cirrhosis.     

A new method of diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia: narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: With endoscopy, there is a high rate of interobserver variability in the identification of gastric intestinal metaplasia, and the endoscopic findings correlate poorly with the histological findings. Previous studies by our group investigating the use of a narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) in the gastric mucosa suggested that the appearance of a light blue crest (LBC) on the epithelial surface may be a distinctive endoscopic finding associated with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. The aim of the present study was to clarify the value of NBI-ME for diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The LBC was defined as a fine, blue-white line on the crests of the epithelial surface/gyri. To investigate the histology underlying the appearance of LBC, 44 biopsy specimens were obtained from regions containing LBC and 44 from non-LBC mucosa in 34 patients with atrophic gastritis. Three endoscopists then carried out NBI-ME in 107 consecutive patients to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the novel endoscopic technique. The degree of correlation between the LBC grading and the histological parameters of intestinal metaplasia was then assessed. RESULTS: The LBC grading correlated with cells that were positive for CD10 ( P = 0.0001) and Alcian blue ( P = 0.036). The appearance of LBC correlated with histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia with a sensitivity of 89 % (95 % CI, 83 - 96 %), a specificity of 93 % (95 % CI, 88 - 97 %), a positive predictive value of 91 % (95 % CI, 85 - 96 %), a negative predictive value of 92 % (95 % CI, 87 - 97 %), and an accuracy of 91 % (95 % CI, 88 - 95 %). CONCLUSIONS: In narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy, observation of a light blue crest on the epithelial surface in the gastric mucosa is a highly accurate sign of the presence of histological intestinal metaplasia.     

内镜智能分光比色技术对大肠息肉的诊断价值

目的探讨内镜智能分光比色技术（FICE）对结肠息肉的诊断价值。方法选择2009年3月至2010年1月进行常规结肠镜检查发现结肠息肉样病变者共197例。分别采用常规放大技术、FICE放大技术及染色放大技术对结肠息肉进行腺管开口分型及微血管形态观察,并与病理组织学诊断相比较。结果在197例患者中发现息肉样病变359个,其中常规放大内镜下发现息肉327个（91．2％）,FICE放大内镜发现息肉351个（97．8％）,二者比较差异有统计学意义。FICE放大内镜比染色放大内镜更能清晰显示黏膜微血管结构形态（P〈0．01）,在显示腺管开口方面两者无统计学意义。FICE放大内镜对瘤性息肉及非瘤性息肉判断符合率为90．3％,高于染色放大内镜82．5％（P〈0．01）。结论FICE放大内镜可以观察黏膜表面微细结构及微血管形态,对结肠瘤性息肉及非瘤性息肉诊断的符合率高于普通放大内镜及染色放大内镜,有利于结肠早期癌的发现,有良好的临床应用价值。     

Diffuse xanthoma in early esophageal cancer: A case report

BACKGROUNDGastrointestinal xanthomas are asymptomatic and infrequent non-neoplastic lesions that commonly occur in the stomach with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and rarely in the esophagus. To date, there have been no reports of esophageal xanthoma combined with esophageal cancer. Herein, we present the first case in the literature of a diffuse xanthoma complicated with early esophageal cancer. Moreover, this combination makes the endoscopic diagnosis difficult if it is not in mind.CASE SUMMARYA 68-year-old man visited our department with a 2-mo history of epigastric discomfort. He underwent surgery for gastric cancer 6 years ago. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a semi-circumferential irregular yellowish-colored and granular lesion in the esophagus (30-35 cm from the incisors). Using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging, aggregated minute and yellowish-colored spots with tortuous microvessels on the surface were observed, and background coloration was clearly seen in the lesion. As endoscopic biopsy suggested a histologically high-grade dysplasia; the lesion was completely resected en bloc by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The resected specimen was confirmed to be a squamous cell carcinoma in situ with extensive foamy cells in the superficial mucosal layer. Immunohistochemically, the observed foamy cells were strongly positive for CD68, which is characteristic of xanthoma. The clinical course was favorable, and no recurrence was observed 2 years and 7 mo after ESD.CONCLUSIONDiffuse xanthoma concurrent with early esophageal cancer is extremely rare. The characteristic endoscopic features may assist endoscopists in diagnosing similar lesions.     

Evaluation of a virtual endoscopy simulator for training in gastrointestinal endoscopy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Skills in gastrointestinal endoscopy mainly depend on experience and practice. Training on endoscopy simulators may decrease the time needed to reach competency in endoscopy. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the GI-Mentor, a virtual reality endoscopy simulator, can distinguish between beginners and experts in endoscopy and to assess whether training improves the performance of beginners. METHODS: A total of 13 beginners and 11 experts (more than 1,000 procedures) in gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. The baseline assessment consisted of virtual endoscopies and skill tests. The beginners were randomly allocated to receive training (n = 7) or no training (n = 6). The training group was allowed to practice using the simulator for 2 hours per day. After 3 weeks participants were re-evaluated with two new virtual endoscopy cases and one virtual skill test. Insertion time, correctly identified pathologies, adverse events and skill test performance were recorded. RESULTS: The baseline assessment revealed significant differences favoring the experts for virtual endoscopies and skill tests. Significant differences in favor of experts were found for successful retroflection during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (P < 0.005); adverse events during colonoscopy (P < 0.02); insertion time (P < 0.001); correctly identified pathologies in gastroscopy and colonoscopy (P < 0.02); and skill test performance (P < 0.01). The final evaluation showed significant differences between training and no-training groups, in favor of the training group, for the number of adverse events during virtual endoscopy (P < 0.04), for the insertion time during colonoscopy (P < 0.03); and for skill test performance (P < 0.01). The training group improved its abilities on the simulator significantly. Differences between experts and the training group were no longer seen. CONCLUSION: This virtual endoscopy simulator is capable of identifying differences between beginners and experts in gastrointestinal endoscopy. A 3-week training improves the performance of beginners significantly. This quite fast improvement in endoscopic skills certainly cannot be seen in clinical practice; no conclusions can be made about the impact of virtual simulator training on real-life endoscopy, and this must be evaluated.     

Routine endoscopy using a magnifying endoscope for gastric cancer diagnosis

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It has been reported that the fine mucosal patterns of the gastric pits can be observed with magnification and this may assist in preliminary evaluation prior to histological diagnosis. The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the relationship between the fine mucosal patterns of gastric lesions and histological findings, and also to evaluate the usefulness of magnifying endoscopy during routine endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A recently developed magnifying video endoscope, which enables magnification up to 80 times, was used for gastrointestinal endoscopy in 318 patients between January 2000 and January 2001, at the National Shikoku Cancer Center. In total, 232 lesions were detected. However, patients diagnosed by conventional endoscopy as having advanced gastric cancer, malignant lymphoma, or submucosal tumor were excluded from the study. The endoscopic findings for 211 lesions included in this study were compared with the histological findings. RESULTS: Coarse and irregular mucosal patterns were observed in elevated-type cancers by magnifying endoscopy, and in depressed-type cancers there was a finer pit pattern than in the surrounding mucosa, destruction or disappearance of the mucosal microstructure, and abnormal capillary vessels. The magnifying endoscopy results were closely related to the mucosal microstructure observed by dissecting microscopy and to the histological features. The rate of presumptive diagnosis of small gastric cancers was significantly higher when a magnifying endoscope was used compared with conventional endoscopy. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of magnifying endoscopy as a diagnostic method were 96.0% and 95.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The fine mucosal patterns and the features of capillary vessels, which were identified with the magnifying endoscope, correlated well with the pathological diagnosis. Magnifying endoscopy will be very useful in predicting the histological diagnosis during routine endoscopic procedures.     

Value of chromoendoscopy and magnification endoscopy in the evaluation of duodenal abnormalities: a prospective,randomized comparison

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic staining methods are increasingly being used to evaluate lesions in the esophagus and colon. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate chromoendoscopy and magnification endoscopy for the evaluation of mucosal lesions in the duodenum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients were randomly assigned to undergo conventional endoscopy without staining (group A) or intravital staining of the duodenal mucosa with indigo carmine and evaluation with a conventional video endoscope (group B) or a magnification endoscope (group C). Visible lesions were characterized before and after staining, and biopsies were taken for histological assessment. RESULTS: A total of 118 patients was examined. Chromoendoscopy detected significantly more lesions in the duodenal bulb (98 vs. 28; P = 0.0042) in more patients (29 vs. 15; P = 0.0025) compared with conventional endoscopy (group A). After mucosal staining, there was no difference between video endoscopy and magnification endoscopy with regard to the number or extent of the lesions identified. Significantly more targeted biopsies were possible after intravital staining. The most commonly identified lesions on targeted biopsies included (staining/control groups): gastric metaplasia (14/3), hyperplastic Brunner's glands (6/3), inflammatory changes (7/6), villous atrophy (1/3), adenoma (1/0). CONCLUSIONS: Intravital staining of the duodenum with indigo carmine may be useful for detecting mucosal abnormalities, delineating their extent, and allowing targeted biopsies. Magnification endoscopy, when used in addition to chromoendoscopy, does not appear to further increase the diagnostic yield for detecting duodenal abnormalities.     

Feasibility of point-of-care knee ultrasonography for diagnosing anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligament tears in the ED

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of point-of-care knee ultrasonography (POCUS) compared with knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears in patients with acute knee trauma.Material and methodsA prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital emergency department; acute (within 1-week) knee trauma patients with suspected ACL or PCL tear were recruited. Two POCUS performers (a board-certified emergency physician and a musculoskeletal radiologist) independently evaluated the ACL and PCL using POCUS. Findings were classified as normal appearance or ligament tear. Final radiology reports of knee MRI were used as the reference standard. We calculated the diagnostic values (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) for POCUS obtained by both POCUS performers. Kappa values (k) were calculated for inter-observer agreement between the two POCUS performers.ResultsSixty-two patients were enrolled. Compared with the reference standard, POCUS showed acceptable sensitivity (90.6–100%), specificity (90.0–97.7%), and accuracy (91.9–96.8%). Inter-observer agreement between the two POCUS performers was excellent (k = 0.853–0.903).ConclusionPOCUS demonstrates excellent precision as compared to MRI in the diagnosis of ACL and PCL tears. The findings of POCUS could be used for immediate diagnosis and further pre-operative imaging in patients with acute knee trauma.     

内镜窄带成像技术结合放大内镜在鉴别结直肠病变中的作用及其学习曲线

目的探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)在诊断结直肠病变中的作用。明确NBI在实际操作中的学习曲线,为开展该技术的临床医师提供指导。方法回顾性分析2015年6月-2016年6月该院内镜中心4位医师行NBI结合放大内镜检查并发现结直肠病变的289例患者临床资料,所有病变经活检、内镜下治疗或手术后行病理组织学检查,并与佐野分型对照。根据NBI结合放大内镜分为3组,这3组包括可以通过内镜治疗(目标病变)的病变和不能通过内镜治疗(非目标病变)的病变。每位医师检查的目标或非目标病变均达到15例为1组。通过评估4名医师对每组病变的诊断准确性,绘制NBI结合放大内镜检查技术的相关学习曲线。结果在289例患者的结肠镜检查中共发现372处病变,NBI结合放大内镜使用佐野分型在鉴别肿瘤和非肿瘤性病变的准确率为95.1%、敏感性为98.0%、特异性为92.0%。对于目标及非目标病变的诊断准确率第2组相比第1组均有明显提高[分别为81.7%vs 95.1%(P=0.010)和71.7%vs 93.4%(P=0.000)];第2组与第3组病变之间的诊断准确率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.984及P=0.117)。结论 NBI结合放大内镜是诊断结直肠病变的有效工具。对于无NBI经验的医师在完成较短的训练计划和一定(对目标及非目标病变各15例)的临床实践后基本掌握其诊断方法,并获得有效、稳定的诊断准确率。