Prediction of portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma: a correlations between portal vein tumor thrombus and biochemical tests.

Hepatocellular carcinoma patients were categorized into three grades according to the extent of portal vein invasion by the tumor. Correlations between the extent of portal vein invasion and values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and various biochemical tests were examined. The extent of portal vein invasion by the tumor significantly correlated with the values of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase: glutamic pyrubic transaminase (GOT:GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase (LAP), gamma-glutamic transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and log10AFP. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the values of LAP, LDH, log10AFP and GOT:GPT to be statistically significant independent indicators of portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma. The calculated probability for portal vein tumor thrombus, which was derived from the results of a step wise multivariate logistic regression procedure, revealed high accuracy and specificity for predictability. To design effective therapy and to predict the prognosis, it would be beneficial to obtain additional information from this calculated probability in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.     

经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓

目的:探讨经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的临床价值。方法:不能手术的伴门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌45例,随机分成两组,研究组20例以TACE PVE治疗,25例以单纯TACE治疗作为对照组,分别统计AFP的变化、门静脉癌栓缩小/消失的有效率以及1年生存率。结果:两组治疗前后AFP的变化:研究组(730±190)、(515±395)μg/L,对照组(752±183)、(710±213)μg/L,治疗后两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组门静脉癌栓缩小/消失率13/20(65%)、8/25(32%)(P<0.05);1年生存率15/20(75%)、12/25(48%)(P<0.05);两组均未见与治疗相关的严重副作用发生。结论:经皮肝穿刺门静脉化疗栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓的有效方法。     

肝癌根治性切除术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞和门静脉化疗对预防复发的价值

目的　探讨在肝癌根治性切除术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞 (hepaticarterychemoembo lization ,HACE)和门静脉化疗 (portalveinchemotherapy,PVC)对预防术后复发的价值。方法　总结 1991年 8月～ 1995年 7月收治符合根治性切除的原发性肝癌患者 81例。其中 ,术后联合HACE和PVC(Ⅰ组 ) 2 3例 ,单纯HACE(Ⅱ组 ) 30例 ,未做特殊处理 (Ⅲ组 ) 2 8例。全部患者随访 3年以上。将 3组进行对比研究。结果　患者术后 1年 ,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的复发率比Ⅲ组低 ,生存率比Ⅲ组高 ;术后 2年 ,Ⅰ组的复发率比Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组低 ,生存率比Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组高 ;术后 3年和 5年的复发率和生存率 ,各组的差异不显著。癌灶 >5cm、无包膜、多个癌灶及AFP >40 0 μg/L ,是导致术后复发的高危因素。 结论　在肝癌根治性切除后 ,联合HACE和PVC可以明显降低术后复发率 ,提高术后生存率 ,其结果优于术后单纯HACE ,但对远期 (3年以上 )的复发率和生存率影响不大。     

肝癌根治性切除术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞和门静脉化疗对预防复 …

目的 探讨在肝癌根治性切除术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ｃｈｅｍｏｅｍｂｏ－ｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ＨＡＣＥ）和门静脉化疗（ＰＶＣ）对预防术后复发的价值。方法 总结１９９１年８月～１９９５年７月收治符合根治性切除的原发性肝癌患者８１例。其中,术后联合ＨＡＣＥ和ＰＶＣ（Ⅰ组）２３例,单纯ＨＡＣＥ（Ⅱ组）３０例,未做特殊处理（Ⅲ组）２８例。全部患者随访３年以上。将３组进行对比研究。结果 患者术后１     

Macronodular hepatic tuberculosis associated with portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension

Tuberculosis (TB) of the liver is usually associated with miliary spread. Macronodular TB of the liver is rare. A case of macronodular TB of the liver in a 31‐year‐old woman causing portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension is presented. Ultrasound and CT appearances are described. There was coexistent ileo‐caecal TB with extensive mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Macronodular TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with multiple calcified masses in the liver with portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension.     

干扰素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞和门静脉化疗对预防肝癌切除术后复发的价值

目的 探讨肝癌患者在肝癌切除术后细胞免疫功能的变化,以及干扰素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(HACE)和门静脉化疗(PVC)对预防术后复发的价值。方法 75例行根治性切除的原发性肝癌患者,在术后第2周末和第4周末分别给予PVC和HACE,其中33例在术后第2周给予干扰素治疗1周。72例患者获随访3年以上,比较干扰素联合HACE和PVC与仅应用HACE和PVC预防肝癌切除术后复发的效果。采用单抗标记直接免疫花环法,测定肝癌患者在手术切除前后和应用干扰素前后外周血T细胞亚群的变化。另外选择40例周期因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术的患者作为对照组。结果 肝癌患者外周血CD3^ 、CD4^ 细胞明显减少,在肝癌切除术后进一步减少,CD4^ ／CD8^ 降低,在术后4周恢复到术前水平;应用干扰素可使CD3^ 、CD4^ 细胞明显增多,CD4^ ／CD8^ 显著升高。在肝癌切除术后,干扰素联合HACE和PVC患者的1,2和3年复发率分别为0．6．2％和15．6％;而仅应用HACE和PVC患者的1,2和3年复发率分别为5．0％、12．5％和27．5％。结论 肝癌患者的细胞免疫功能明显低下,而且在肝癌切除术后进一步被抑制;干扰素可提高肝癌患者的细胞免疫功能;干扰素联合HACE和PVC能更有效地预防肝癌切除术后的复发。     

肝动脉、门静脉双介入治疗对肝癌患者微循环状态的影响

目的:评价经导管肝动脉、门静脉途径双介入治疗对肝癌患者微循环状态的影响。方法:50例确诊为原发性肝癌患者,经肝动脉化疗栓塞后,再通过脾动脉灌注化疗,用血液分析系统及微循环显微镜检测患者微循环状态;观察患者生存期。结果:双介入治疗后全血低切黏度增加(P<0.05),血浆黏度增加(P<0.05),治疗后田牛氏加权积分增加(P<0.01)。6、12、24个月生存率分别为84.7%、65.3%、43.4%。结论:经导管肝动脉、门静脉途径双介入治疗肝癌可以延长患者生存期,但也能加重微循环障碍。     

The Value of Interferon Combined with Hepatic Artery Chemoembolization and Portal Vein Chemotherapy in Preventing a Recurrence after Radical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE The change of cell immune function after hepatectomy of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually neglected. The aim of this study was to explore the change of T cell subsets in HCC patients after hepatectomy, and to study the value of treatment with interferon (INF)combined with hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) and portal vein chemotherapy (PVC) to prevent recurrence after radical resection of HCC.METHODS Seventy-five HCC patients were treated with PVC and HACE at the 2nd week and 4th week after radical tumor resection. In the 2nd week after surgery, 33 pationts received INF treatment for one week. Seventy-two patients were followed up over three years. The effect of INF combined with HACE and PVC on the postoperative recurrence rate was compared with that of HACE and PVC treatment. Changes of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood were examined with labeled monoclonal antibodies before and after hepatectomy or with use of interferon. Forty cholecystolithiasis patients who received a cholecystectomy were used as controls.RESULTS CD3^ and CD4^ cells in the peripheral blood were reduced in patients with HCC. After hepatectomy, they declined further with a decrease in the CD4^ /CD8^ ratio. The values returned to pre-operative level at the 4th week after surgery. The CD3^ and CD4^ cells and the CD4^ /CD8^ ratio increased remarkably following the use of INF. The 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrent rates of patients treated with HACE, PVC and INF in combination were 0%, 6.2% and 15.6%, respectively, while those treated only with HACE and PVC were 5.0%, 12.5% and 27.5%, respectively.CONCLUSION Patients with HCC suffer from a marked immunosuppression, which become ever more severe after hepatectomy. The combined use of HACE, PVC and INF is superior in decreasing the recurrent rate to the combination of only HACE and PVC.     

Factors influencing outcome in patients undergoing portal vein resection for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

Background

Survival rates after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remain low. Selected patients with portal/superior mesenteric vein (PV) involvement undergo PV resection at pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study analyses outcomes for PD with/without PV resection in patients with PDA.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients requiring PD for histologically proven adenocarcinoma between 1/1997 and 9/2009 identified 326 patients with PDA, with 51 requiring PD with PV resection. Patients were analyzed in two groups: PD + PV resection vs. PD alone. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictive variables influencing survival and the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate patient survival.

Results

Mean age for patients with PV resection was 66.4 (range 46-80) years, 47% were male. Both groups had similar patient demographics, perioperative and tumor characteristics. Postoperative morbidity was similar for patients with and without PV resection (27.5 vs. 28.4%). 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with PV resection (13.7%) vs. PD alone (5.1%). Overall survival however was similar in both groups (median PD alone 14.8 months vs. 14.5 months PD + PV). Multivariate analysis identified age, tumor grading, stay on the ICU and lack of chemotherapy as independent risk factors for reduced long-term survival.

Conclusion

In carefully selected patients, PV resection results in similar long-term survival compared to PD alone. In selected patients, PV infiltration may be considered a sign of anatomical proximity of the tumor, rather than only a sign of increased tumor aggressiveness.     

联合门静脉胰腺癌切除术的安全性及疗效评价

目的 对联合门静脉切除胰腺癌的可行性进行分析,为胰腺癌的治疗提供新途径.方法以行联合门静脉胰腺癌切除术的病变累及门静脉胰腺癌35例患者为观察组,20例同期行姑息旁路术的同类患者为对照1组,同期病灶未累及门静脉行标准根治手术的20例胰腺癌患者为对照2组,观察3组的手术效果及并发症情况.结果采用联合门静脉切除胰腺癌患者的手术后并发症发生率为25%,与对照2组的23.5%相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对患者采用寿命表进行计算,观察组患者术后1、3、5年的生存率分别为78.5%,28.8%,9.58%,与对照2组的80.5%,30.9%以及10.23%的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但显著高于对照1组的48.5%,11.5%,1.5%(均P<0.05).结论对于病变已累及门静脉的胰腺癌采用联合门静脉胰腺癌切除术,可有效提高胰腺癌手术切除率,有效延长患者寿命,改善患者预后.     

Indications for and limitations of portal vein embolization before major hepatic resection for hepatobiliary malignancy

Portal vein embolization is a promising adjunctive tool in liver surgery; however, the understanding of liver regeneration and PVE is still in its infancy. Refinement in patient selection criteria and methods to evaluate hepatic hypertrophy and function should increase the potential indications for PVE and expand the field of major liver surgery.     

Treatment of portal vein tumor thrombosis of hepatoma patients with either stereotactic radiotherapy or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often have unresectable tumors. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the limited alternative treatments that can prolong these patients' survival. However, the presence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a contraindication for TACE and, therefore, HCC patients with PVTT would be depleted of the advantage of TACE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the recanalization rate of thrombosed portal vein and treatment toxicities after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). METHODS: From March 2002 to November 2004, 43 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Twenty-two patients were in the SRT group and 21 in the 3DCRT group. For SRT, 3 Gy per fraction, 3 fractions per week, was given to a total dose of 45 Gy. For 3DCRT, a daily dose of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week, was given to a total dose of 45 Gy. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 16 completed the planned radiotherapy. Eventually, 14 patients received evaluation for portal vein recanalization, 8 in the SRT and 6 in the 3DCRT group, respectively. For all patients, the crude response rate was 26%. For 14 evaluable patients, the crude response rate was 79%. It was 75% in the SRT group and 83% in the 3DCRT group (P = 0.71). The median survival time was 6.0 and 6.7 months for the SRT and 3DCRT group, respectively (P = 0.911). CONCLUSIONS: Image-based radiotherapy, either SRT or 3DCRT, can recanalize the PVTT in unresectable HCC patients. Responders also had better 1 year and 2 year survivals. A more strict patient selection criterion may maximize the potential benefits of radiotherapy for hepatoma patients with PVTT.     

术中肝动脉合并门静脉插管化疗预防肝癌手术后复发

目的 :研究原发性肝癌根治性切除以后肝动脉和门静脉插管皮下埋置药物泵预防肝癌肝内复发的效果。方法 :回顾性研究 5 4例根治性切除肝癌术后的患者 ,其中切除肿瘤后肝动脉和门静脉插管的患者为 3 1例 ,未做插管的 2 3例。随访 2～ 3年 ,对结果进行比较。结果 :插管组 1、2年以及 3年的复发率均低于未插管组。结论 :原发性肝癌根治性切除手术合并肝动脉和门静脉插管皮下埋置药物泵是预防肝癌复发的有效方法     

Comparison of portal and capsular microscopic vascular invasion in the outcomes of early HCC after curative resection

Microscopic vascular invasion (MVI) is a strong risk factor associated with tumor recurrence and poor overall survival (OS) among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after resection. Two types of MVI are identified: portal vein and capsular vein invasion. However, little is known about the impact of different types of MVI on HCC recurrence. The present study aimed to compare HCC recurrence and OS between the portal vein and capsule vein MVI. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 or A HCC who underwent primary resection between January 2001 and June 2016 were consecutively recruited. Factors that influenced OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 857 eligible patients, 327 (38.2%) had MVI, and 530 (61.8%) were without MVI. Of the 327 patients with MVI, 85 (26.0%) were with portal vein, 178 (54.4%) with capsular vein, and 64 (19.6%) with both-MVI type. Patients with both-MVI type suffered from a higher proportion of BCLC stage A (P < 0.001), capsular invasion (P = 0.002), and satellite nodules (P < 0.001). Both-MVI type is an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22-2.36, P = 0.002) and mortality (HR: 2.29; 95% CI, 1.59-3.29, P < 0.001) compared with non-MVI. We further found that both-MVI type was significantly associated with a higher risk of extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) (HR: 8.74; 95% CI, 2.38-32.03, P = 0.001). Among HCC patients after curative resection, concurrent portal and capsular MVI is a risk factor for HCC recurrence, especially for EHR, in comparison with non-MVI or only portal or capsular MVI alone.     

Are there patients with stage I rectal carcinoma at risk for failure after abdominoperineal resection?

The clinical courses of 64 patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection for Stage I lower rectal carcinoma (tumors confined to the muscularis propria without lymph node involvement) were reviewed to identify subsets at risk for failure. Twelve of 12 patients with tumors limited to the submucosa remained disease free without evidence of recurrence. Of the 52 patients with muscularis propria involvement, there have been eight failures with three patients having local failure only, three patients with local failure and distant metastases, and two patients with distant metastases only. The 6-year actuarial disease-free survival, local control, and freedom from distant metastases rates for patients with tumors invasive of the muscularis propria were 80%, 84%, and 88%, respectively. Patients with tumors exhibiting vascular/lymph vessel involvement were at even higher risk for failure. Although adjuvant treatment is infrequently advised for these patients, the use of radiation therapy and chemotherapy should be reconsidered for patients with Stage I lower rectal carcinoma, specifically for patients with tumors invasive of the muscularis propria with vascular/lymph vessel involvement.     

The relationship between prognosis and CEA-dt after hepatic resection in patients with colorectal carcinomas.

AIMS: CEA-doubling time (CEA-dt) was calculated by measuring serum CEA at two voluntary points. As CEA-dt is correlated with tumour doubling time the growth rate of liver metastasis could be determined. We investigated the relationship between CEA-dt and prognosis to determine the indications for resection of liver metastasis. METHODS: We examined 334 patients diagnosed with resected liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Patients were divided into three categories based on CEA-dt; Group A, CEA-dt <30 days; Group B, 30 days /=s80 days. Clinicopathological parameters, the 3-year or 5-year survival rate and the rate of recurrence were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: In Group A, the survival time after hepatic resection was significantly shorter compared to the other groups. Furthermore, multiple liver metastasis showed slightly reduced CEA-dt levels compared with solitary metastasis, but even in patients with solitary liver metastasis, the rate of survival was poor. In 70% of Group A patients, recurrent tumour was recognized within 1 year of hepatic resection. CONCLUSION: When surgery for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer is considered. Group A patients should be recognized as having a poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence after hepatic resection, and CEA-dt should be employed as a prognostic factor.