白内障超声乳化术在玻璃体视网膜手术中的应用

目的探讨白内障超声乳化术在玻璃体视网膜手术中的应用优点.方法对42例42眼白内障合并玻璃体视网膜病变患者采用白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体视网膜手术进行治疗并选择性行Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入.结果42眼经过3～24个月随访,29眼视网膜脱离患者有24眼解剖复位,成功率83.3%,13眼视网膜血管性病变患者,无复发性玻璃体出血及新生血管性青光眼.42眼中Ⅰ期植入人工晶状体13眼,术后视力0.2～0.5者8眼,＞0.5者2眼,≤0.05者3眼;本组3例视力低于0.05者,2例为糖尿病性黄斑水肿缺血,1例为黄斑前膜.结论白内障超声乳化在玻璃体视网膜手术中可完整保留晶状体后囊膜,保证1期囊袋内人工晶状体植入.减少视网膜血管性疾病发生新生血管性青光眼,因此该术式值得临床推广应用.     

晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的分析晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的疗效。设计回顾性临床病例系列。研究对象123只合并不同程度白内障的PDR患眼。方法对123只合并不同程度白内障的PDR患眼实施晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术治疗,同时I期植入人工晶状体(IOL),观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。主要指标术后视力改善程度、术后并发症发生率。结果123眼均实施晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术,并同时一期植入IOL于囊袋内。随访时间3￣21月(平均10个月)。99眼(81%)术后均有不同程度的视力改善。其中93眼(76%)术后视力提高2行或以上。术后无明显角膜水肿和角膜内皮失代偿发生。1例I型糖尿病患者术后6个月发生新生血管性青光眼;1眼术后发生视网膜脱离,再次手术后复位;4眼因玻璃体腔出血再次手术。术后视力无明显改善或视力提高不足2行的病例均合并不同程度的糖尿病黄斑病变。结论晶状体超声乳化联合玻璃体手术是提高合并白内障的PDR患者视力的有效手段。糖尿病黄斑病变是影响术后视力提高的主要因素。(眼科,2006,15:198-201)     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的联合手术治疗

目的探讨玻璃体手术联合晶状体超声乳化治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）合并白内障的临床疗效。方法分析19例（20只限）增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并不同程度白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体手术同时进行人工晶状体囊袋内植入的临床资料，观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。结果随访2—16个月，所有术眼人工晶状体位置良好，手术后20只限中有16只限（80％）视力有不同程度的提高，其中视力提高二行以上13只限（65％）；视力较术前无改善4只限（20％）。术后视力恢复不佳的原因主要与不同程度的糖尿病黄斑病变、视网膜广泛缺血有关。术后并发症包括高眼压、虹膜后粘连、玻璃体腔再出血、视网膜再脱离、晶状体后囊混浊及新生血管性青光眼等。结论玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变合并白内障是安全和有效的，可使大多数患者视力改善，且无明显并发症。     

老年糖尿病患者白内障术后视网膜病变的连续观察

目的评价白内障超声乳化摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后老年糖尿病患者的视力效果及视网膜病变的进展状况。方法对179例179眼老年糖尿病白内障患者行超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。术后对术眼及对侧非手术眼视网膜病变进行比较。结果术后最佳矫正远视力≥0．5者159眼，其中无糖尿病视网膜病变者78眼，单纯性糖尿病视网膜病变者80眼，增生性糖尿病视网膜病变者1眼；视力结果取决于视网膜病变特别是黄斑病变程度。术眼中79眼、非手术眼中27眼出现视网膜病变进展，表现为视网膜内出血，火焰状出血斑，硬性及棉絮状渗出斑不同程度的增多，视网膜水肿，黄斑病变加剧及进一步的新生血管形成。结论（1）早期手术效果好，与非糖尿病老年白内障术后无明显差别；（2）晚期手术效果差，白内障手术可加速糖尿病视网膜病变进展；（3）早期手术可提高视力，便于眼底观察及激光治疗。[眼科新进展2007；27（2）：140-141]     

玻璃体联合手术治疗并发白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的：探讨伴有严重晶状体混浊的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体手术联合白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入的疗效及并发症。方法：需行玻璃体手术且伴有白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变38例(41只眼)，行超声乳化白内障吸除联合玻璃体切割、膜剥离、眼内激光、或长效气体填充、及人工晶状体植入。观察病人手术前后视力变化，裂隙灯下检查眼前段情况，眼底荧光造影检查病人视网膜情况及分析并发症。结果：平均随访9个月。术后36只眼视力提高，占87．8％。眼前节反应轻，并发症少。主要并发症有：高眼压1只眼，角膜水肿1只眼，虹膜红变1只眼。视网膜脱离1只眼。结论：玻璃体联合手术治疗并发白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变是一种方便、安全、有效的手术。     

联合手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的临床观察

目的:探讨玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术在合并白内障的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)中的临床治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析34例39眼合并白内障的PDR患者行睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化术,根据眼底情况是否植入人工晶状体的临床资料,观察术后视力恢复情况,视网膜病变情况以及手术并发症。结果:随访3mo~2a,视力<0.1者12眼,0.1~0.2者14眼,0.2~0.5者9眼,>0.5者4眼,与术前视力相比,差异有显著性。术后2~3mo眼底荧光造影检查,27眼眼底激光斑清晰,新生血管萎缩,无明显荧光渗漏,12眼有不同程度的微血管瘤以及荧光渗漏,16眼存在不同程度的黄斑水肿。手术并发症包括角膜水肿、医源性视网膜裂孔、高眼压、后囊膜混浊、玻璃体再出血。结论:玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术是治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变安全有效的治疗手段。无严重并发症发生。     

先天性白内障术后视网膜脱离

目的 :探讨先天性白内障术后视网膜脱离的特点、治疗效果及其影响因素。方法 :回顾分析 2 7例 2 7只眼先天性白内障术后视网膜脱离的临床资料。结果 :视网膜完全复位 2 0只眼 ,占 74 1% ;限局脱离 4只眼 ,占 14 8% ;完全脱离 3只眼 ,占 11 1%。术后视力 0 0 2以下者 8只眼 ,占 2 9 6% ;0 0 2～ 0 0 4者 6只眼 ,占 2 2 2 % ;0 0 5～ 0 0 9者 7只眼 ,占 2 5 9% ;0 1者 3只眼 ,占 11 1% ;0 2者 3只眼 ,占 11 1%。结论 :先天性白内障术后视网膜脱离经手术治疗可以取得较好的效果。增生性玻璃体视网膜病变 (PVR) ,尤其是前部增生性玻璃体视网膜病变 (aPVR)是影响手术预后的主要原因。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化加人工晶状体植入治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的探讨玻璃体切除手术联合白内障超声乳化摘除加人工晶状体（IOL）植入术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的效果。方法回顾分析32例（35眼）增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除联合超声乳化加IOL植入手术患者资料,其中5期病变19眼,6期病变16眼。术前视力为光感～0．2,中位数为数指,仅5眼（14％）术前视力1〉0．1。均在局部麻醉下手术,白内障手术均先于玻璃体手术。术后随访时间I〉3个月。对数据进行分类计数,求百分比。结果IOL均成功植入囊袋内。15眼采用了硅油或长效气体填充。术中并发症包括：4眼（11％）瞳孔缩小,1眼（3％）囊袋内少许晶状体皮质残留。术后并发症包括：1眼（3％）复发玻璃体积血,4眼（11％）虹膜后黏连。末次随访视网膜均保持复位,术后视力0．01～0．6（中位数013）,34眼（97％）术后视力1〉0．1。结论玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化摘除加IOL植入术是治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效手段。具有较高的安全性,有助于患者视力早期恢复。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的探讨经睫状体平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除联合保留前囊晶状体超声乳化及后房型人工晶状体(PCIOL)植入(联合手术)治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析合并不同程度白内障的PDR36例(39眼)实施联合手术,观察术后视力改善程度及术中、术后并发症。结果36例(39眼)成功地进行了联合手术。术后随访2月～3年半,平均13.4月。术后37眼(94.87%)视力不同程度提高,视力≥0.05者26眼(66.67%),≥0.1者17眼(43.59%),≥0.3者7眼(17.95%);视力下降2眼(5.13%)。术后视力低下者伴有糖尿病性黄斑水肿、硬性渗出或糖尿病性视神经病变。术中并发症包括晶状体核碎块致视网膜损伤3眼(7.69%)及前囊破裂2眼(5.13%);术后并发症包括玻璃体积血4眼(10.26%),角膜轻度水肿和一过性眼压升高各2眼(5.13%),后发障3眼(7.69%),虹膜红变和眼球萎缩各1眼(2.56%)。结论经睫状体平坦部闭合式玻璃体切除联合保留前囊晶状体超声乳化及PCIOL植入术较安全有效。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植人联合玻璃体切除术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变

目的评价晶状体超声乳化、囊袋内人工晶状体植入联合玻璃体切除术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的临床效果。方法回顾性分析合并不同程度白内障的增生型糖尿病视网膜病变6l例（66眼）。其中PDRlV期20眼,V期33眼,Ⅵ期13眼。实施晶状体超声乳化、囊袋内人工晶状体植人联合玻璃体切除术。观察术后视力改善程度和术中术后并发症。结果术后视力改善：PDR1V期19眼（95．0％）,V期28眼（84．8％）,Ⅵ期13眼（38．5％）。术后视力低下者多伴有明显的糖尿病黄斑病变。术中术后主要并发症包括：医源性裂孔7眼（10．6％）;玻璃体积血,术中17眼（25．8％）,术后7眼（10．6％）;角膜上皮延期愈合9眼（13．6％）;角膜水肿8眼（12．1％）。结论超声乳化、人工品状体植入联合玻璃体切除术治疗合并不同程度白内障的增生型糖尿病视网膜病变是安全有效的,可使大多数患者视力改善,避免玻切术后并发白内障再次手术。糖尿病黄斑病变是影响术后视力提高的主要原因。     

Outcome of simultaneous phakic implantable contact lens removal with cataract extraction and pseudophakic intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of simultaneous implantable contact lens (ICL) removal and cataract extraction with pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: CODET Aris Vision Institute, Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: This retrospective noncomparative interventional case series evaluated 14 eyes of 12 patients with ICL implantations who developed a cataract and simultaneously had ICL removal and cataract extraction with IOL implantation. The follow-up time was at least 6 months (range 6 to 24 months). Visual acuity (logMAR), manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 12 patients (14 eyes), 10 patients (12 eyes) had ICL surgery to correct high myopia and 2 patients (2 eyes), to correct hyperopia. The mean uncorrected visual acuity after ICL implantation (before cataract development), before cataract surgery, and after cataract surgery were 0.48 +/- 0.32, 0.83 +/- 0.34, and 0.40 +/- 0.27, respectively. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before ICL implantation, after ICL implantation, and after cataract surgery were 0.31 +/- 0.21, 0.28 +/- 0.19, and 0.27 +/- 0.21, respectively. The mean final manifest spherical equivalent was 0.30 diopters (D) +/- 1.07 (SD) (range +2.38 to 2.0 D). Ten eyes (71.4%) were within +/-1.0 D of the calculated target. One eye had a tear in the posterior capsule with vitreous loss during cataract surgery. No other intraoperative, perioperative, or postoperative complications were observed. No loss of BCVA was recorded at the last postoperative visit. CONCLUSIONS: Lens opacities and cataract formation are a potential complication of ICL surgery. The removal of the ICL and the cataract with IOL implantation was found to be safe, with predictable refractive results.     

Longterm results after phacovitrectomy and foldable intraocular lens implantation

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the longterm results of phacovitrectomy and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with significant cataract and co‐existing vitreoretinal diseases. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 186 eyes of 149 patients with various vitreoretinal abnormalities and visually significant cataracts. Vitreoretinal surgery was combined with phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation. Main outcome measures were visual acuity (VA), preoperative data, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: The most common indications for surgery were non‐diabetic vitreous haemorrhage and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Preoperative vision ranged from 0.6 to light perception; postoperative vision ranged from 1.2 to no light perception. Postoperatively, in 162 eyes (87.1%) VA improved by ≥ 3 lines on the decimal chart. In 14 eyes (7.5%), vision remained within 3 lines of preoperative levels and in 10 eyes (5.3%), vision had decreased by the last follow‐up. Postoperative complications included elevated intraocular pressure and posterior capsule opacification, corneal edema, macular edema, fibrinous reaction, vitreous hemorrhage, corneal epithelial defects, anterior chamber hyphema, choroidal detachment, persistent macular hole, posterior synechiae, recurrent retinal detachment, rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma. Conclusions: Combined vitreoretinal surgery and phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation is safe and effective in treating vitreoretinal abnormalities co‐existing with cataract. Based on extensive experience with the combined procedure, we suggest that combined surgery is recommended in selected patients with simultaneous vitreoretinal pathological changes and cataract.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出术的临床观察

探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障手术的疗效及安全性。 方法：对2010-06/2011-06在我院住院的300例360眼白内障患者行表面麻醉小切口非超声乳化白内障联合人工晶状体植入术,术后1wk;3mo观察视力及并发症。 结果：术后1wk,矫正视力≥0.05者356眼(脱盲率98.9％),其中0.1～0.2者13眼,0.3～1.0者315眼（脱残率87.5%）。术后3mo,矫正视力≥0.05者356眼(脱盲率98.9％),其中01～0.2者6眼,0.3～1.0者322眼（脱残率89.4%）。术中后囊膜破裂26眼(7.2%);上方虹膜反复脱出19眼(5.3%);角膜水肿28眼(7.8%);虹膜根部离断8眼(2.2%),前房积血5眼(1.4%);上方切口渗漏10眼(2.8%);黄斑囊样水肿10眼（2.8%）;后囊混浊12眼（3.3%)。本组病例术中无晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔和暴发性脉络膜上腔大血发生。 结论：小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出手术并发症少、疗效好,是白内障复明的有效方法     

手法碎核小切口高度近视眼白内障摘除术

目的:探索在基层医院应用手法碎核小切口摘除高度近视眼白内障联合人工晶状体植入手术的效果。方法:观察高度近视眼94眼白内障手法小切口摘除及人工晶状体植入术的安全性、并发症和术后视力结果。结果:术后随访12mo最佳矫正视力大于0.5者77眼(82%),低于0.5者17眼(18%),并发症包括后囊破裂8眼,角膜水肿19眼,黄斑囊性水肿3眼。结论:高度近视眼手法小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术是安全有效的。     

Analysis of combined glaucoma and cataract operations with intraocular lens implantation: a study based on own material

PURPOSE: To analyse results and complications of glaucoma and cataract surgery with IOL implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 28 patients (32 eyes) underwent glaucoma and cataract surgery with IOL implantation during the period of January 1998-December 1999. The follow up time ranged from 6 to 30 months. RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity was 5/12-5/5 in 78.13% of cases. Intraoperatively there were 4 patients of posterior capsule tears with vitreous loss. The most common postoperative complications were Descemet's membrane folds (28.13%), corneal oedema (21.87%) and increased intraocular pressure (18.75%), but they were only transitory. Finally postoperative intraocular pressure was good in 93.76%. In 2 cases glaucoma medication was longer required. Delayed follow-up showed that visual field deteriorated before surgery had not worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Combined, simultaneous operation of glaucoma and cataract does not seem to give rise to more complications than both procedures performed separately. The procedure is safe and gives good visual rehabilitation.     

两种软性材质可折叠IOL在剥脱综合征性白内障患者中临床应用

目的:研讨剥脱综合征性白内障植入Acrysof Natural和硅胶人工晶状体的效果。方法:选择无青光眼发作史的剥脱综合征性白内障65例70眼行超声乳化吸出白内障,无术中并发症60例63眼。其中30例33眼用植入器植入Acrysof Natural人工晶状体;另30例30眼用植入器植入硅胶(silicone)人工晶状体。统计植入术中并发症;术后1d,1wk,3mo,1a的视力、眼压、前房情况、人工晶状体稳定性。结果:Acrysof Natural在植入过程中展开慢,可控性好,在剥脱综合征患者瞳孔不易散大情况下仍能顺利植入,无并发症。对照组硅胶人工晶状体展开时弹射快,有7眼植入过程中发生翻转,在部分悬韧带不健全的病例同时因瞳孔缩小不易观察和控制,造成5眼植入时袢划破后囊膜(16.6%)。1枚弹入玻璃体,取出后改睫状沟植入。术后视力对后囊破裂者不列入正常统计。结论:选择Acrysof Natural人工晶状体单体、袢宽软、植入过程中展开慢、好控制、可避免植入过程并发症。其光学部分相对薄、稳定性好、前房相对较深。组织相容性好,术后反应轻。     

小梁切除术后白内障超声乳化手术分析

目的:探讨分析抗青光眼小梁切除术后白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的手术方法、技巧及效果分析。方法:我院2007-01/2010-12对87例87眼抗青光眼小梁切除术后发生白内障的病例行白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,随访6mo,分析术后视力、眼压、并发症等情况。结果:术后随访6mo,87眼术后视力均有不同程度的提高,其中78眼（90％）视力≥0.3;术后眼压均较术前下降;术后并发症主要有角膜水肿（15眼,17％）、虹膜反应（11眼,13％）、前房出血（5眼,6％）、后囊膜混浊（10眼,11％）。结论:对抗青光眼小梁切除术后出现的白内障,行透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术可显著提高视力,保持滤过泡和眼压的稳定,恢复眼前节的组织结构。     

Outcomes of phacoemulsification and in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation in Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes and complications of phacoemulsification (PE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, (PC IOL) in patients with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHIC). SETTING: Private clinic and an academic hospital. METHODS: In this noncomparative interventional case series, existing data for 41 eyes of 40 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with FHIC and cataract were studied retrospectively. Scleral tunnel PE and in-the-bag IOL implantation were performed in all cases. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuities and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-four male and 16 female patients aged 12 years to 70 (SD) (mean 35 +/- 12 years) were operated on and followed for 17.8 +/- 8.7 months. Preoperatively, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was less than 20/40 in all patients, which improved to 20/40 or better after surgery. Twenty-two eyes (53.6%) achieved BCVA of 20/20. The major cause of postoperative visual acuity less than 20/20 was vitreous haze. There were no major intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, mild anterior chamber fibrin reaction occurred in 4 patients (9.7%), IOL deposits occurred in 11 eyes (26.8%), and decentration was observed in 1 eye. During follow-up, 6 eyes (14.6%) developed posterior capsule opacification requiring a neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. There was 1 case of clinical cystoid macular edema that resolved with medication. There were no cases of posterior synechias, postoperative glaucoma, or retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with PC IOL implantation is a safe procedure with good visual outcomes in patients with FHIC and cataract.     

Black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation in aphakic eyes with traumatic aniridia and previous pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of secondary black diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic eyes with traumatic aniridia and previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). SETTING: Shandong Eye Institute and Hospital, Qingdao, China. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 aphakic eyes with aniridia and no vitreous that had implantation of a secondary black diaphragm IOL 6 to 72 months after PPV. The PPV was performed as a result of trauma to the posterior segment. Before implantation of the IOL, all patients had reduced visual acuity from aphakia and intolerable glare from aniridia. Eyes were aphakic as a result of previous extracapsular cataract extraction (1 eye), lens extrusion during trauma (3 eyes), or simultaneous cataract lensectomy during PPV (11 eyes). Significant iris defects were present, with 9 eyes being aniridic after the injury. The mean follow-up was 17 months (range 3 to 34 months). The postoperative visual acuity, intra- ocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density, IOL centration, and intraocular inflammation were monitored. RESULTS: All 15 eyes had improved visual acuity and marked glare reduction after IOL implantation. No major IOL decentration was seen. Five patients had increased IOP 3 to 5 days after IOL implantation; 3 were known to have secondary glaucoma from trauma before surgery and their IOP was controlled preoperatively (< 21 mm Hg) with timolol 0.5% eyedrops. The other 2 patients had normal- appearing angles, and 1 was diagnosed with hemolytic glaucoma after IOL insertion. Postoperative elevated IOP was controlled by timolol eyedrops (4 eyes) or selective laser trabeculoplasty (1 eye). Hyphema was seen in 1 patient on the first day after IOL implantation, but no further bleeding was noted. Vitreous hemorrhage was seen the first day after IOL insertion in 2 patients. One resolved without sequelae; the other required vitreous washout. Retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema did not occur in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Black diaphragm IOL implantation can be considered in eyes with coexisting aphakia and aniridia and without vitreous. Intraoperative IOP regulation is crucial in vitrectomized eyes to prevent complications such as expulsive hemorrhage. In general, visual function was better after IOL insertion as a result of better visual acuity and glare reduction. Although this IOL appears to be safe, long-term results must be assessed in studies with a longer follow-up and a larger study group.