几丁聚糖口腔溃疡喷雾剂治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的 对红树植物银叶树进行生药学研究,为开发利用该药材提供参考依据.方法 采用原植物鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别方法对银叶树进行研究.结果 药材叶的背面密被银白色鳞片.根、茎、叶均可见大型草酸钙结晶;茎的皮层与韧皮部间有异常维管束,髓部有多个分泌道;叶片主脉维管束发达;粉末中可见晶鞘纤维及非腺毛.经紫外光谱扫描发现有明显的吸收峰.结论 上述特征可作为银叶树质量标准的参考依据.     

红母鸡草的显微鉴别

目的 研究红母鸡草的生药鉴别特征.方法 对药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别.结果 红母鸡草根的皮层较窄,可见大量方晶;茎的皮层、韧皮部、髓部可见大量方晶和柱晶,皮层厚角组织成环;叶主脉维管束外韧形,薄壁细胞中亦可见方晶.结论 所做研究可为红母鸡草药材的鉴别研究和开发利用提供参考依据.     

瑶药石柑子的生药学研究

目的 对瑶药石柑子进行生药学研究。方法 采用植物形态鉴别、药材性状鉴别和显微鉴别对石柑子进行研究。结果 石柑子药材多分枝,茎节处有气生根,单身复叶互生;茎横切面为单子叶植物根状茎结构;粉末显微下可见晶鞘纤维、草酸钙簇晶、草酸钙针晶、石细胞、气孔、网纹导管等。结论 石柑子的性状特征可作为其鉴别的参考依据。     

红吹风的生药学鉴别

目的:对红吹风药材进行生药学鉴别。方法:分别对红吹风药材进行性状、显微及理化鉴别。结果:红吹风根的韧皮部有纤维束成群散在,木质部纤维束径向排列;茎中柱鞘纤维含大量草酸钙簇晶与针晶;叶中草酸钙簇晶多见,有外韧型维管束;理化鉴别提示有黄酮类成分。结论:以上特征可为红吹风药材的鉴别研究和开发利用提供参考依据。     

草木犀药材的生药学研究

目的:研究草木犀药材的生药学。方法:从原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征和药材浸提物的紫外光谱、药材粉末的红外光谱方面对草木犀进行定性鉴别。结果:草木犀药材根横切面可见辐射型维管束中有19束射线;茎横切面髓部占整个横切面的4/5;小叶片横切面主脉维管束正上方有栅栏组织通过;叶柄横切面呈心形,内有3个大小不等的维管束成三角形排列;叶表皮分布有细胞组成的腺毛和单细胞非腺毛;组织解离中叶可见草酸钙方晶的晶纤维,不定式气孔,叶柄有腺毛和非腺毛表面可见疣状突起,螺纹导管;提取物紫外光谱图、药材粉末二阶导数红外光谱图特征明显。结论:该研究所建标准可用于草木犀药材的生药学鉴别。     

饿蚂蝗的生药学鉴别

目的生药学鉴别饿蚂蝗。方法对饿蚂蝗药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、紫外-可见光谱鉴别。结果根的木质部木纤维众多;茎皮层、韧皮部及髓部可见方晶;叶主脉维管束鞘纤维断续排列成环;全草的粉末可见方晶、纤维,偶见分枝纤维,淀粉粒极多。在200～800 nm处扫描,发现6种不同的提取液都有吸收峰。结论饿蚂蝗的生药学特征明显,可为药材鉴别提供参考。     

药用红树植物桐花树的生药学鉴别

目的 对药用红树植物桐花树药材进行生药学鉴别.方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方法进行研究.结果 桐花树的根坚韧,具皮孔,根皮层具木栓孔结构;茎横断面有木质部棕色同心环,中柱鞘有石细胞群和纤维束组成的厚壁细胞环,髓部有分泌腔散在;叶上、下表面有盐腺分布;粉末中可见石细胞、盐腺、气孔及导管等特征.紫外扫描有明显的吸收峰;薄层色谱展开良好.结论 上述特征可作为桐花树药材鉴定的参考依据.     

穿心草的生药学鉴别

目的:对穿心草进行生药学鉴别。方法:分别对穿心草进行原植物形态鉴别、药材性状鉴别和显微鉴别。结果:穿心草药材茎多分枝,中空,淡棕黄色;叶多数穿茎。显微结构根外皮层、内皮层细胞巨大,常被径向分隔成多个子细胞,偶见石细胞;茎中空,双韧形,皮部有裂隙;叶上下表皮均有不等式气孔,细胞内常见砂晶、小针晶和小方晶等。结论:以上特征可为鉴别穿心草提供参考依据。     

东北地区银莲花属6种药材生药学鉴定

目的对东北银莲花属6种药材多被银莲花、黑水银莲花、反萼银莲花、阴地银莲花、毛果银莲花、细茎银莲花进行系统的生药学鉴定。方法采用性状、显微的方法对银莲花属6种植物进行了较全面的研究。结果通过性状、显微鉴别,最终得到结论,a.性状的主要区别为:根茎形状、颜色、断面质地、断面颜色及气味有明显不同;b.显微横切片的主要区别为:维管束个数及导管个数明显不同;c.显微粉末主要区别为:粉末颜色、表皮细胞颜色、导管种类及大小有明显区别。结论银莲花属6种植物的药材性状、显微特征有明显区别,为鉴别银莲花属植物,开发药源提供了参考。     

龙葵的显微鉴别研究

目的对龙葵进行显微鉴别研究。方法利用数码显微技术对龙葵进行鉴别研究。结果龙葵显微特征为茎表皮内具厚角组织,皮层和韧皮部之间有中柱鞘纤维断续分布;双韧型维管束;初生木质部8—10束,次生木质部发达,髓宽广。叶柄具1～3束双韧型维管束;叶肉栅栏细胞1列,在叶脉处不延续。药材粉末中导管多见螺纹和孔纹导管;纤维成束或散在;果皮细胞类方形,类多角形或不规则形,表面具角质纹理;种皮细胞壁皱波状;非腺毛大多破碎。结论为该药材的鉴别、开发利用以及中药材地方标准的研究编制工作提供依据。     

Buruli ulcer

Buruli Ulcer (BU) is a neglected, necrotizing skin disease, caused by M. ulcerans, that can leave patients with prominent scars and lifelong disability. M. ulcerans produces a diffusible lipid toxin, mycolactone, essential for bacterial virulence. Prevention is difficult as little is known about disease transmission and there is no vaccine. There have been several recent advances in the field. These include sequencing of the bacterial genome and of the giant plasmid responsible for mycolactone synthesis, better understanding of the bacterial lifecycle and of the mechanism of action of the toxin. This work has revealed a number of possible vaccine candidates, some of which are shared with other mycobacteria, e.g. M. tuberculosis, while other targets are unique to M. ulcerans. In this review, we discuss several M. ulcerans vaccine targets and vaccination methods, and outline some of the gaps in our understanding of the bacterium and the immune response against it.     

1例胃十二指肠溃疡患者的用药分析

胃溃疡与十二指肠溃疡是消化系统最常见的疾病.结合患者的病史和临床表现,正确选择药物是治疗的关键.临床药师在药物疗效、药物相互作用以及药物不良反应的认识方面具有自身的优势.本文通过报道临床药师参与1例胃十二指肠溃疡患者的诊疗过程,反映临床药师在合理用药及为患者提供药学服务方面发挥了重要作用.     

Peptic ulcer

Indigestion and heartburn have been described for thousands of years, but it was only in the 16th century that the disease peptic ulcer was established by autopsy. At first, only gastric ulcers were identified. In the 18th century, duodenal ulcers, most of which were fatal cases after perforation or hemorrhage, were seen. In the 19th century, when autopsy became a common, even routine, hospital procedure, uncomplicated acute and chronic ulcers were found and then correlated with symptoms. Thus, our current clinical understanding dates from the 1820s, by which time peptic ulcers were being reported in the U.S. It is unclear why gastric ulcers were not diagnosed at The Mount Sinai Hospital until 1873 and duodenal ulcers until 1885. However, after that time both conditions were diagnosed frequently, and they rapidly became common and were treated medically and surgically.     

Treatments of peptic ulcer

From the late 19th century, Mount Sinai gastroenterologists declared their scepticism of the efficacy of all recommended treatments of peptic ulcer, and looked forward to trials which could distinguish between sequence and consequence, between association and causation. The rationale of all the early studies was to reduce gastric acidity, but it soon became clear that any neutralization by single doses of antacids was brief and ineffective. Winkelstein s demonstration that patients with duodenal ulcer had higher acidities not only before and after meals but also through the night hours led him to introduce a new treatment, the alkalinized intragastric milk drip together with atropine. One of the earliest controlled clinical trials at Mount Sinai compared different antacid regimes and showed that pH values above 3.5 were achieved in only about half of the patients on the various drips. When the new anticholinergic drugs were developed in the 1950s, they were found to produce sustained hypoacidity and were tried as maintenance treatment, as an alternative to acid-lowering operations. The third Mount Sinai approach was to attack the machinery of the acid-producing cell itself by an inhibitor of the enzyme producing hydrogen ions. In 1939, this enzyme had been thought to be carbonic anhydrase, but when Janowitz and Hollander tested its inhibitor, acetazolamide, and showed marked but very brief acid inhibition, they concluded that its action was too brief to be therapeutically useful. The problem was to be solved decades later by H2 receptor blockers from Britain and H+K+ATPase inhibitors from Sweden.