日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶B DNA疫苗与IL-4真核表达质粒联合免疫诱导小鼠保护性的研究

目的　观察日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗与IL 4真核表达质粒联合免疫小鼠的效果。　方法　将小鼠IL 4基因PCR扩增片段克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3以构建重组表达质粒。小鼠分为 4组 ,每组 12只 ,实验组 (A)每鼠肌注组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗和IL 4表达质粒各 10 0 μg ,同时设立组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗对照组 (B)、IL 4表达质粒对照组 (C)和空载体对照组 (D) ,共免疫 3次。 2周后用免疫组化检测表达质粒在小鼠肌细胞的表达 ,3周后经皮肤攻击感染小鼠 40± 1条日本血吸虫尾蚴。计算减虫和减卵率 ,观察免疫保护性。　结果　重组IL 4质粒和组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗均在小鼠肌细胞表达。用重组IL 4质粒和组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗联合免疫诱导小鼠产生 43 .2 0 %的减虫率和 76.63 %的减卵率 ,与组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗单独免疫比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　联合IL 4表达质粒免疫可能提高日本血吸虫组织蛋白酶BDNA疫苗的抗血吸虫保护性免疫。     

免疫刺激序列增强日本血吸虫DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用

目的　探讨免疫刺激序列在日本血吸虫Mr 23 000膜蛋白 (SjC23)DNA疫苗诱导BALB/c小鼠抗血吸虫感染中的作用。　方法　将SjC23基因片段克隆到增加了免疫刺激序列的真核表达质粒 pcDNA3.1-CpG中,构建pcDNA3.1-SjC23/CpG。 40只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为 4组 ,① pcDNA3.1对照组 ;②pcDNA3.1-SjC23组 ;③ pcDNA3.1-CpG组 ;④ pcDNA3.1-SjC23/CpG组。每鼠经两侧股四头肌注射质粒DNA共100 μg ,隔 2周加强免疫 1次 ,共 3次。末次免疫后 4周经腹部皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴 45条 /鼠 ,45d后计数成虫及肝脏虫卵数。首次免疫前和感染前 2d分别经尾静脉采血 ,检测IgG及IgG1、IgG2a。末次免疫后 3周取小鼠脾细胞 ,检测经伴刀豆球蛋白和SjC23重组蛋白刺激后小鼠白细胞介素 2 (IL-2 )、白细胞介素 4(IL-4)和γ干扰素 (IFN-γ)。用51Cr释放法检测经SjC23重组蛋白刺激后脾细胞对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞的杀伤作用。　结果　②组和④组减虫率分别为 2 8.1%和 3 5.1% ,减卵率分别为 2 1.6%和 2 6.5 %。④组减虫率显著高于②组 (P <0.0 5 )。这两组均检测到特异性IgG ,IgG2a/IgG1比值分别为 10.1和 12.2。脾细胞经伴刀豆球蛋白和SjC23重组蛋白刺激后的IL-2水平 ,②组较①组、④组较③组均有升高。②组脾细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性为9.7%, ④组为40.0%。 结论 疫苗载体中增加免疫刺激序列，可提高SjC23 DNA 疫苗在BALB/c小鼠中诱导产生的免疫保护作用。     

细胞因子佐剂白介素23和佐剂CpG2216对呼吸道合胞病毒重组疫苗免疫原性的影响

目的 研究细胞因子佐剂白介素23(IL-23)和佐剂CpG2216对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)重组疫苗G1F/M2免疫原性的影响.方法 将编码IL-23的质粒(简称IL-23)单独作为佐剂以及将IL-23和CpG2216联合作为佐剂与G1F/M2共免疫BABL/c小鼠三次,在每次免疫后10 d取血,分离血清,用间接ELI...     

The features of arthritis induced by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of arthritis induced by bacterial DNA that contain CpG motifs. METHODS: Bacterial DNA originating from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus or synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs were injected directly into knee joints of mice. Histopathologic joint damage, antibody levels, cytokine levels, and synovial messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytokines and chemokines were assessed. RESULTS: Histopathologic signs of arthritis were evident within 2 hours and lasted for at least 3 weeks. Nonmethylated CpG motifs were responsible for the induction of arthritis since oligonucleotides containing these motifs triggered arthritis, whereas methylation of these nucleotides abrogated the inflammatory response. Arthritis was characterized by an influx of monocytic, Mac-1+ cells and by a scarcity of T lymphocytes. The disease was characterized locally by mRNA expression of macrophage-derived cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-12 [IL-12], IL-1beta) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, RANTES) in arthritic joints. Systemically, the arthritis was characterized by increased levels of circulating IL-6 and immunoglobulins. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that bacterial DNA that contain nonmethylated CpG motifs induces arthritis, suggesting an important pathogenic role for bacterial DNA in septic arthritis.     

日本血吸虫Mr 26000 GSTDNA疫苗和重组蛋白疫苗联合免疫的保护作用研究

目的 观察日本血吸虫Mr26000谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sj26)DNA疫苗和重组蛋白(rSj26GST)疫苗联合免疫对小鼠的保护作用。方法 将Sj26基因克隆入含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pEGFP-N3,构建重组质粒pEGFP-Sj26,并转染幼仓鼠肾细胞(BHK),用荧光显微镜和蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测蛋白的表达。联合免疫组BALB/c小鼠分别在第0、2周用pEGFP-Sj26免疫2次,第4周再用rSj26GST加强免疫1次;而单独免疫的pEGFP-Sj26组及rSj26GST组,与上组同步各自免疫3次。末次免疫后2周进行感染攻击,45d后剖杀,计数成虫及肝内虫卵。同时设PBS对照组。结果 pEGFP-Sj26在BHK中能有效表达。联合免疫组的减虫率为50·8%,显著高于pEGFP-Sj26(28.0%)和rSj26GST组(25.5%)(P值均<0.01)。联合免疫组以及pEGFP-Sj26、rSj26GST组减卵率分别为32.7%、20.6%、33.0%;联合免疫组及rSj26GST组,肝组织中每条雌虫平均产卵数显著低于PBS对照组(P值均<0.01)。结论 联合免疫组的保护作用优于pEGFP-Sj26和rSj26GST单独免疫组。     

A radioimmunoassay for type I iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase in human tissues.

We have developed a sensitive, specific and reproducible radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of human type I monodeiodinase (5'-DI) protein. Anti-5'-DI antibody was produced by immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and a 16 amino acid synthetic peptide, corresponding to a portion of the carboxy-terminal region of the human 5'-DI (PI-99). In a final dilution of 1:500, our anti-5'-DI antibody bound about 30%-35% of a tracer amount of 125I-PI-99. The detection threshold of the RIA approximated 0.4 pmol PI-99 or an equivalent amount of 0.4 pmol 5'-DI. The coefficient of variation averaged 5% within an assay and 14% between assays. Dose-response curves of tissue proteins were essentially parallel to that of PI-99. In a total number of 35 normal human tissue samples, the mean (+/- standard deviation [SD], picomole per milligram of protein [pmol]) 5'-DI content was 25 +/- 6.7 in kidney, it was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in liver at 3.9 +/- 1.1, 2.8 +/- 0.8 in intestine, 2.3 +/- 0.98 in adrenal, 4.2 +/- 2.5 in skeletal muscle, 3.8 +/- 1.4 in heart and 2.6 +/- 2.4 in thyroid; it was 1.4 +/- 0.3 in Graves' thyroid. Our data suggest that (1) 5'-DI is distributed widely among human tissues; (2) kidney is the tissue most enriched with 5'-DI; (3) 5'-DI content in the thyroid is not increased in Graves' disease.     

日本血吸虫Sj23DNA疫苗的增效研究

目的 探讨缺失肿瘤转移有关基因ME491同源序列的日本血吸虫Mr23 000膜蛋白基因（Sj23DNA）突变体疫苗的免疫效果。 方法 将Sj23DNA中与人黑素瘤细胞膜上的ME491同源序列进行基因缺失突变，再将突变基因转染真核细胞人胚肾HEK293细胞，通过间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）检测其表达情况。将pcDNA3-Sj23突变体经股四头肌注射免疫小鼠（100 μg/只），免疫后4周取注射部位肌肉作冰冻切片，IFAT检测目的基因的表达。40只BALB/c小鼠随机分成4组（每组10只），分别经股四头肌注射pcDNA3-Sj23突变体、pcDNA3-Sj23、空白质粒pcDNA3（均100 μg/只）和生理盐水（30 μl/只）免疫1次。免疫后4周用尾蚴攻击感染（40±2条/只）。第42天剖杀，肠系膜静脉灌注法及挤压法计数成虫，取肝脏计算每克肝组织虫卵数（EPG）。以减虫率和减卵率评价其免疫保护力。 结果 pcDNA3-Sj23突变体疫苗可在真核细胞HEK293中瞬时表达。pcDNA3-Sj23突变体在小鼠注射部位骨骼肌细胞上出现较强荧光，空白对照组未见特异性荧光。pcDNA3-Sj23突变体获得40.3%减虫率和42.8%减卵率，pcDNA3-Sj23获得33.1%减虫率和28.9%减卵率。两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。 结论 与pcDNA3-Sj23相比，缺失ME491同源序列的cDNA3-Sj23突变体疫苗能诱导BALB/c小鼠产生更好的免疫保护效果。     

猪囊尾蚴副肌球蛋白cDNA中CpG序列的免疫激活作用

目的　探讨猪囊尾蚴副肌球蛋白 (又称为AntigenB ,AgB)cDNA中CpG序列的免疫激活作用。　方法　以pcDNA3 AgB质粒疫苗、CpG序列突变的pcDNA3 AgB′质粒疫苗、pcDNA3载体质粒和AgB蛋白质分别免疫C5 7BL/ 6小鼠 ,2wk后开始用ELISA检测小鼠血清中IgG和IgG2a的效价。　结果　免疫接种的第 2周起实验组IgG与IgG2a效价开始升高 ,至第 4周达到峰值。其中以pcDNA3 AgB组升高最为显著 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　pcDNA3 AgB核酸疫苗所诱导的小鼠免疫反应 ,不仅具有其表达产物AgB蛋白的抗原作用 ,AgBcDNA中的CpG序列也具有免疫激活作用。     

Rat hepatic and renal 5'-deiodination of rT3 during fasting: supportive role of intermediate Mr cytosolic non-glutathione thiol cofactor and NADPH

The roles of subcellular components and, in particular, cytosol fractions and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH), in the regulation of rat hepatic and renal 5'-deiodination during fasting were assessed. 5'-deiodinase (5'-DI) activities in reaction mixtures were measured by using outer ring 125I-radiolabelled reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) as a substrate in the presence of 200 mumol/L NADPH. Subcellular components from rats fed ad libitum or fasted for 24, 48 or 72 hours were prepared by standard differential centrifugation. Cytosol was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-50 column to obtain Fraction A of molecular weight (Mr) greater than 60,000 and Fraction B of Mr approximately 13,000 and to exclude reduced glutathione (GSH) (Mr less than 400). 5'-DI activity in liver homogenates was reduced by 42% at 24 hours and by 59% at 48 hours of fasting. In reconstitution experiments, liver microsomes showed a progressive loss of 5'-DI activity, reaching a maximal reduction of 46% at 72 hours of fasting. Activation of microsomal deiodinase by whole liver cytosol was also significantly reduced at 24 hours of fasting and achieved a maximal reduction of 5'-DI activation of 42% at 48 hours before substantial but incomplete recovery at 72 hours. Cytosolic Fraction A and B were assessed in combination with fed microsomes and NADPH. A close correlation was demonstrated between the loss of hepatic 5'-DI supportive activity in whole cytosol and that of Fraction B but not A during fasting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Sjcb2 DNA疫苗在血吸虫感染小鼠中的保护性作用研究

目的 研究Sjcb2 DNA疫苗在日本血吸虫病小鼠模型中的保护性作用和机制,为血吸虫疫苗的研究提供有效的候选抗原分子。方法 构建pcDNA3.1(+)/Sjcb2 核酸疫苗,将6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为pcDNA3.1(+)/Sjcb2 核酸疫苗组、pcDNA3.1(+)空质粒组及生理盐水组,每组35只,采用后腿股四头肌注射方法,每次免疫质粒DNA 100 μg,每2周免疫1次,共免疫3次,用日本血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染各组小鼠。PCR及免疫组化法检测Sjcb2基因在小鼠体内的稳定性及表达情况;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应;ELISA法检测小鼠血清中Sjcb2抗体水平及攻击感染前后脾淋巴细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4的水平;计数小鼠荷成虫对数和肝脏荷虫卵数。结果 疫苗组小鼠均可在小鼠肌细胞中检测到Sjcb2基因及其抗原的表达;DNA疫苗组T细胞增殖显著增高(P <0.05);ELISA 结果显示疫苗组IFN-γ 水平显著增高(P <0.05),血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染后各组小鼠IL-4水平显著升高(P <0.05)。DNA疫苗组小鼠荷成虫对数及肝脏荷虫卵数与其它组比较显著性减少(P <0.05),其减虫率为36.32％,减卵率为60.61％。结论 Sjcb2 DNA疫苗接种小鼠后能在小鼠肌细胞中稳定存在和表达;Sjcb2可能通过提高IFN-γ 和降低IL-4水平调节Th1细胞亚群产生抗血吸虫感染的保护性作用。     

血吸虫生殖产卵相关基因pcDNA3／Sj SDISPDNA在小鼠体内的组织分布及整合的观察

目的探讨日本血吸虫生殖产卵相关基因DNA在小鼠体内组织分布以及整合到宿主基因组上的可能性。方法将生殖产卵相关基因重组喷柱pcDNA3／SjSDISP经肌注免疫小鼠后,在注射后12b、1w、3w和6w取小鼠各组织,抽提其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,然后纯化基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,结果经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果注射后12h,在血液、心、肝、脾、肺、肾及注射鄂位肌肉中可检测到pcDNA3／Sj SDISP,至第1w,仍可在部分小鼠中检测到,至第3w不再检出。未发现生殖产卵相关基因pcDNA3／Sj SDISP整合入小鼠基因组中。结论肌注pcDNA3／Sj SDISP后,可在组织中广泛分布,但并未持续存在体内。未发现与宿主细胞基因组整合的直接证据     

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit tumor growth and reverse the immunosuppression caused by the therapy with 5-fluorouracil in murine hepatoma

AIM: To investigate the effect of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on tumor growth and whether CpG ODN can reverse the immunosuppression caused by the chemotherapy with 5-FU in murine hepatoma model. METHODS: Hepatoma model was established by subcutaneous inoculation with hepatoma-22 (H22) cells into the right flank of BALB/c mice. Mice with tumor were treated by peritumoral injection of CpG ODN alone or in combination with subcutaneous injection of 5-FU. Tumor size was quantified regularly. Serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in mice were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lytic capacity of splenic NK cells was tested by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. RESULTS: Peritumoral injection of CpG ODN alone or in combination with subcutaneous injection of 5-FU, and the treatment with 5-FU alone all led to significant inhibition of hepatoma growth. The mean tumor volumes fell by 46.66% in mice injected with CpG ODN, 68.34% in the 5-FU treated mice, and 70.23% in mice treated with the combination of CpG ODN and 5-FU than in controls. There was no significant difference in tumor size between 5-FU treated mice and mice treated with the combination of 5-FU and CpG ODN (P&gt;0.05). The serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ of mice treated with CpG ODN alone (IL-12: 464.50&#177;24.37 pg/mL; IFN-γ: 134.20&#177;25.76 pg/mL) or with the co-administration of CpG ODN and 5-FU (IL-12: 335.83&#177;28.74 pg/mL; IFN-γ: 111.00&#177;5.33 pg/mL) were significantly higher than that of controls (IL-12: 237.50&#177;45.31 pg/mL; IFN-γ: 56.75&#177;8.22 pg/mL). The production of IL-12 and IFN-γ was suppressed moderately in 5-FU-treated mice (IL-12:166.67&#177;53.22 pg/mL, 53.33&#177;16.98 pg/mL) compared to control mice (P&gt;0.05), whereas the combination of CpG ODN and 5-FU significantly increased the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ compared to 5-FU alone (P&lt;0.05). The NK cell killing activity in CpG ODN treated mice (44.04&#177;1.38%) or the mice treated with CpG ODN combined with 5-FU (30.67&#177;1.28%) was significantly potentiated compared to controls (19.22&#177;0.95%, P&lt;0.05). The co-administration of CpG ODN and 5-FU also significantly enhanced the lytic activity of NK cells when compared with the treatment with 5-FU alone (12.03&#177;1.42%, P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The present data suggests that CpG ODN used as single therapeutic agent triggers anti-tumor immune response to inhibit the growth of implanted hepatoma and reverses the immunosuppression caused by the chemotherapy with 5-FU.     

Mouse alpha-fetoprotein-specific DNA-based immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma leads to tumor regression in mice

BACKGROUND & AIMS: alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumor-associated protein that is frequently expressed at high levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the study was to characterize self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) directed against murine AFP (mAFP) after DNA-based immunization in mice. METHODS: To study CTL responses, mAFP-expressing recombinant vaccinia viruses were generated. An HCC tumor model was established in C57L/J mice by injection of syngeneic endogenously mAFP-expressing Hepa1-6 cells. RESULTS: Gene gun and intramuscular coimmunizations of DNA expression vectors encoding mAFP with plasmids encoding murine interleukin (IL)-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or IL-18 induced weak CTL activity against mAFP in different mouse strains. Some mice developed anti-mAFP antibody responses, suggesting breaking of immunologic ignorance. No hepatocyte damage was detectable despite low-level endogenous hepatic mAFP expression. Therapeutic immunizations of mice bearing mAFP-expressing murine HCCs induced partial regression of tumors. A significant survival benefit was observed in mice immunized with mAFP expression vector DNA but not in untreated mice or in mice immunized with mock/cytokine plasmid DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that AFP may be used as a potential self tumor antigen to induce CTL and CD4(+) T cell-mediated regression of AFP-expressing HCC by DNA-based immunization.     

Preferential induction of a Th1 immune response and inhibition of specific IgE antibody formation by plasmid DNA immunization.

We compared the antigen-specific antibody isotypes and lymphokine secretion by CD4+ T cells in BALB/c mice immunized intradermally with either Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding beta-gal in a cytomegalovirus-based expression vector (pCMV-LacZ). pCMV-LacZ induced mainly IgG2a, whereas beta-gal in saline or alum induced IgG1 and IgE beta-gal-specific antibodies. In addition, splenic CD4+ T helper (Th) cells isolated from pDNA-immunized mice secreted interferon-gamma but not interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, whereas Th cells from beta-gal-injected mice secreted IL-4 and IL-5 but not interferon-gamma after in vitro stimulation with antigen. Together these data demonstrate that pDNA immunization induced a T helper type 1 (Th1) response, whereas protein immunization induced a T helper type 2 (Th2) response to the same antigen. Interestingly, priming of mice with pCMV-LacZ prevented IgE antibody formation to a subsequent i.p. beta-gal in alum injection. This effect was antigen-specific, because priming with pCMV-LacZ did not inhibit IgE anti-ovalbumin antibody formation. Most importantly, intradermal immunization with pCMV-LacZ (but not pCMV-OVA) of beta-gal in alum-primed mice caused a 66-75% reduction of the IgE anti-beta-gal titer in 6 weeks. Also, pCMV-LacZ induced specific IgG2a antibody titers and interferon-gamma secretion by Th cells in the beta-gal in alum-primed mice. The data demonstrate that gene immunization induces a Th1 response that dominates over an ongoing protein-induced Th2 response in an antigen-specific manner. This suggests that immunization with pDNA encoding for allergens may provide a novel type of immunotherapy for allergic diseases.     

以pcD-IL-2为基因佐剂的含日本血吸虫SjFABPc基因真核表达重组质粒裸DNA免疫小鼠的研究

目的　在小鼠模型中评价含日本血吸虫脂肪酸结合蛋白分子基因的真核表达质粒pcD -SjFABPc与含IL - 2基因佐剂的质粒构建体 pCD -IL - 2经肌注、皮内途径导入机体后所诱生的免疫反应。 方法　碱裂解法大量制备重组质粒 pcD-SjFABPc、pCD -IL - 2重组质粒及空质粒 pcDNA3,经肌肉及皮内注射免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,每只鼠注射 10 0 μg ,两周后同量加强免疫一次。分别于末次免疫后的第 2 0d、5 0d及 65d用MTT法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖与NK细胞活性 ,并用双夹心ELISA测定血清细胞因子IL - 2、IFN -γ及IL - 10含量 ;ELISA法测定免疫鼠血清IgG抗体。 结果　NK细胞杀伤活性及脾淋巴细胞增殖测定 ,加佐剂组 ( pcD -SjFABPc联合 pCD -IL - 2组 )较不加佐剂组 ( pcD -SjFABPc组 )NK细胞杀伤及脾淋巴细胞增殖活性皆增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。两途径三次检测IL - 2及IFN -γ值均明显高于NS对照组和空质粒组 ,且加佐剂组的明显高于不加佐剂组的 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;不同途径各组IL - 10值与NS及空质粒对照组的比较则无显著性差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。注射质粒后 2 0d和 5 0d ,未测出抗体 ;免疫后 65d检测 ,pcD -SjFABPc和pcD -SjFABPc联合 pcD -IL - 2免疫组的OD值明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而该两组OD490 值之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5     

Hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer with naked plasmid DNA ameliorates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Aim: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has various biological properties, including antifibrogenic activity. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of HGF gene therapy using naked plasmid DNA in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Methods: Naked plasmid DNA encoding human HGF was injected once, together with a hypertonic solution, into the hepatic artery after DMN treatment on three consecutive days per week for 3 weeks. Naked plasmid DNA encoding beta-galactosidase was injected similarly in the DMN-treated control rats. DMN treatment was continued once weekly after gene transfer for additional 3 weeks. Results: The human HGF protein expression was detected in livers transfected with human HGF naked plasmid DNA, gradually decreasing by day 21. The expression of the endogenous rat HGF protein was also upregulated after human HGF gene transfer. Phosphorylation of c-Met, a HGF receptor, was detected only in livers transfected with human HGF plasmid DNA. Fibrosis was attenuated significantly in livers transfected with the human HGF plasmid. Attenuation wasaccompanied by decreased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Increased portal vein pressure after treatment with DMN was suppressed significantly by HGF gene transfer. The upregulated hepatic protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in response to DMN was markedly attenuated by HGF gene transfer accompanied by the increased protein expression for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 and -13. Conclusion: The hepatic arterial injection of human naked plasmid HGF DNA was effective in suppressing liver fibrosis induced in rats by DMN. The mechanisms by which HGF expression attenuated liver fibrosis may include the suppression of hepatic TGF-beta expression and the induction of MMP expression.     

周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因真核表达载体的构建及DNA免疫研究

目的 构建周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(BmGAPDH)真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH,并观察其在小鼠体内的细胞免疫应答效应.方法 以周期型马来丝虫总RNA为模板,RT-PCR方法扩增目的 基因片段.与pGEM-T Easy克隆载体连接,筛选出阳性克隆.经PCR和双酶切鉴定后,亚克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1,构建pcDNA3-BmGAPDH表达载体,将纯化的pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH和CpG经后腿胫前肌免疫BALB/c小鼠,并设PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,共免疫3次,每次免疫间隔2周.用RT-PCR方法检测肌肉组织内目的 基因;用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、ELISA方法分别检测免疫小鼠T淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数和血清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4水平.应用SPSS统计学软件进行样本均数的t检验.结果 成功构建了pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH真核表达载体,基因片段全长为1020 bp.DNA序列分析与基因库已知基因序列同源性为99%.该真核表达载体免疫小鼠后,从小鼠肌肉组织扩增出目的 基因重组质粒组小鼠淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数显著高于PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数分别为1.398、1. 006和1.017(P<0.05).重组质粒组IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子水平均高于PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,分别为163.905、58.589、51.317 ng/L和107.906、27.111、34.627 ng/L(P<0.05).免疫佐剂CpG与疫苗同时注射可增强机体的免疫应答,表现为IFN-γ水平和免疫4周后淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数显著上升.结论 pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH真核表达载体能在小鼠体内表达并可诱导相关的细胞免疫应答.     

Preparation and characteristics of DNA-nanoparticles targeting to hepatocarcinoma cells

AIM: To prepare thymidine kinase gene (TK gene) nanoparticles and to investigate the expression of TK gene. METHODS: Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used to prepare recombinant plasmid P(EGFP-AFP) nanoparticles by a double-emulsion evaporation technique. Characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated in this study, including morphology, entrapment efficiency, and tissue distribution. The expression of TK gene was also investigated by MTT assay, by which the viable cells were determined after the addition of ganciclovir (GCV). The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells and normal parenchymal Chang liver cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The prepared plasmid-nanoparticles had regular spherical surface and narrow particle size span with a mean diameter of 72+/-12 nm. The mean entrapment efficiency was 91.25%. A total of 80.14% DNA was found to be localized in the livers after 1-h injection with (32)P-DNA-PLGA nanoparticles in mouse caudal vein. The expression of DNA encapsulated in nanoparticles was much higher than that in naked DNA, and human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were more sensitive to GCV than human normal parenchymal Chang liver cells. CONCLUSION: The enhanced transfection efficiency and stronger ability to protect plasmid DNA from being degraded by nucleases are due to nanoparticles encapsulation.     

弓形虫表面抗原SAG3基因和IL-2基因佐剂混合诱导小鼠免疫应答研究

目的了解编码SAG3的重组质粒和IL-2基因佐剂在小鼠体内的免疫反应,为进一步的核酸疫苗及免疫学研究创造条件。方法将编码SAG3的质粒和鼠源性IL-2表达载体以100μg的剂量感染小鼠,3周中两次以相同的剂量加强免疫,分别以PBS和空质粒pcDNA3.1感染。采用ELISA法测定抗体水平、亚型、IFN-γI、L-4和IL-2的含量,RT-PCR方法检测注射部位目的基因的转录,所有鼠均由强毒力ZS2株弓形虫感染。结果SAG3表达质粒3次免疫后鼠体内特异IgG水平明显上升,IL-2表达质粒的联合使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次使用导致IgG2a水平的升高和IFN-γ的产生,提高了其分泌IL-2的水平,但对IL-4的水平产生轻微的影响;RT-PCR显示首次免疫15天后,目的基因在肌肉组织中仍有表达;混合质粒注射和小鼠抗弓形虫感染的存活时间延长。结论由SAG3 DNA诱导的免疫应答因IL-2表达质粒的共同注射而增强,DNA疫苗和适当细胞因子的共注射对抵抗弓形虫感染的效果值得进一步研究。