杜仲叶药效成分酶法提取工艺研究

目的研究酶法提取杜仲叶中的药效成分。方法选取桃叶珊瑚甙(AUC)和绿原酸(CHA)为指标,研究酶法提取杜仲叶药效成分提取的因素。结果最佳提取工艺为杜仲叶为12g,加入2000U/mL纤维素酶10mL和1200U/mL果胶酶10mL,酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为60min。     

艾灰黄酮超声提取工艺的优化及其抑菌活性

目的优化艾灰黄酮超声提取工艺,并考察其抑菌活性。方法在单因素试验基础上,以水浴温度、液料比、乙醇体积分数为影响因素,艾灰黄酮提取率为评价指标,响应面法优化提取工艺。采用滤纸片法,测定粗提液、发酵液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用。结果最佳条件为水浴温度85℃,液料比50∶1,乙醇体积分数30%,艾灰黄酮提取率为1.092%。粗提液对3种细菌的MIC分别为3.130、6.250、3.130 mg/mL,而发酵液为1.560、1.250、1.560 mg/mL。粗提液对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强,对金黄色葡萄球菌最弱;高质量浓度(10.00 mg/mL)发酵液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强,而在低质量浓度(2.50～5.00 mg/mL)下对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较强。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于超声提取艾灰黄酮。该成分发酵液抑菌活性强于粗提液。     

傣药喉舒宝含片的制备及抑菌作用的试验研究

目的探讨傣药喉舒宝含片的制备工艺,并对其抑菌作用进行试验研究.方法用水作为溶酶提取浸膏,减压浓缩,无糖辅料填充,薄膜包衣制备喉舒宝含片,采用试管稀释法进行抑菌试验研究.结果喉舒宝含片对各菌的MIC分别为金黄色葡萄球菌0.015g/ml;肺炎球菌0.123g/ml;甲型溶血性链球菌0.0615g/ml;乙型溶血性链球菌0.123g/ml;致病性大肠杆菌0.492g/ml.结论傣药喉舒宝含片制备工艺设计合理,质量可控.对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、致病性大肠杆菌均有较好的抑菌效果.     

白背叶不同部位的体外抑菌效果比较

目的:比较白背叶的根、茎、叶及果实四个部位提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法:采用琼脂二倍连续稀释法,分别考察白背叶的根、茎、叶及果实的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药株、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌等6种病原菌的体外抑菌作用。结果:白背叶根提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、耐药株及变形杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为15.625 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌及枯草杆菌的MIC均为62.500 mg/ml;其茎提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、耐药株及变形杆菌的MIC均为31.250 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌及枯草杆菌的MIC均为125.000 mg/ml;其叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、耐药株及枯草杆菌的MIC均为3.906 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌、变形杆菌及绿脓杆菌的MIC均为125.000 mg/ml;其果实提取物对枯草杆菌的MIC为3.906 mg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、耐药株及变形杆菌的MIC均为7.813 mg/ml,对绿脓杆菌的MIC为31.250 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为125.000 mg/ml。结论:对于金黄色葡萄球菌敏感株、耐药株,白背叶各部位提取物体外抑菌强度的顺序是:叶>果实>根>茎;对于大肠杆菌,白背叶各部位提取物体外抑菌强度的顺序是:根>茎/叶/果实;对于变形杆菌,白背叶各部位提取物体外抑菌强度的顺序是:果实>根>茎>叶;对于绿脓杆菌,白背叶各部位提取物体外抑菌强度的顺序是:果实>根>茎/叶;对于枯草杆菌,白背叶各部位提取物体外抑菌强度的顺序是:叶/果实>根>茎。白背叶的根、茎、叶及果实提取物对6种供试菌有很强的不同程度的抑制作用,为全株用药提供科学依据。     

黄连不同的炮制方法和制剂工艺体外抑菌作用的比较研究

目的:通过体外抑菌试验,探讨不同炮制方法(生黄连与酒制黄连)和不同制剂工艺(传统水煎液与超微粉水浸液)对黄连抑菌作用的影响,为黄连的临床应用提供指导。方法:以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌为受试菌株,采用固体培养基连续稀释法,观察不同炮制方法、不同制剂工艺的黄连对实验菌株的抑制作用。结果:生黄连超微粉水浸液对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为0.6 g/L、对大肠杆菌的MIC值为2.5 g/L,传统水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为1.25 g/L、对大肠杆菌的MIC值为5g/L;酒制黄连超微粉水浸液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为1.25 g/L、对大肠杆菌的MIC值为10 g/L,传统水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为1.25 g/L,对大肠杆菌的MIC值为10 g/L。结论:1)生黄连的体外抑菌作用强于酒制黄连;2)黄连超微粉水浸液的抑菌作用优于黄连水煎液。     

咽舒欣胶囊的抑菌作用研究

目的 考察咽舒欣胶囊的抑菌作用。方法 用二倍稀释法（试管）测定咽舒欣胶囊的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 咽舒欣胶囊对大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，肺炎链球菌，表皮葡萄球菌，甲型溶血性链球菌，乙型溶血性链球菌的MIC值分别为93.75mg/ml,46.88mg/ml,23.44mg/ml,2.93mg/ml,23.44mg/ml,11.72mg/ml,11.72mg/ml。结论 咽舒欣胶囊对多种呼吸道易感菌有抑菌作用。     

民间草药臭灵丹抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究臭灵丹茎、叶乙醇提取物抑菌作用.方法：乙醇超声提取臭灵丹叶、茎流浸膏,供试菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌,滤纸扩散法研究臭灵丹相对抑菌活性,试管稀释法测量臭灵丹药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）.结果：臭灵丹茎、叶提醇液对金黄色葡萄球菌平均抑菌圈直径最大分别为8.92mm、12.71mm;茎、叶两部位醇最小抑菌浓度分别为茎1g/mL、叶0.125g/mL.结论：臭灵丹茎、叶醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用较强,叶醇提物抑菌效果更佳.     

响应面法优化酶辅助提取千层金精油的工艺及其体外活性评价

目的:优化酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法的千层金精油提取工艺,开展千层金精油的体外活性评价。方法:采用响应面优化酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取千层金精油工艺。采用微量肉汤稀释法分别测定千层金精油对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低灭菌浓度(MBC);采用比色法测定千层金精油的DPPH·自由基清除能力。结果:响应面法优化酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取千层金精油的最佳工艺条件为:酶处理温度58.3℃,酶处理时间83 min,酶比例1.3(复合酶中纤维酶和果胶酶质量之比为1.3∶1),pH值4.1,其精油提取率为3.96%。千层金精油对大肠埃希氏菌的MIC和MBC分别为0.5和128 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC分别为4和128 mg/mL;随着千层金精油浓度的上升,千层金精油对DPPH·自由基清除能力增强,千层金精油对抗坏血酸的半数清除率的当量数为2.171×10~(-3) mg/mg。结论:经优化的工艺稳定可靠,千层金精油有一定的抑菌效果和清除DPPH·自由基的能力。     

蛇鳞草提取液体外抑菌作用研究

目的 对蛇鳞草提取液体外抑菌作用进行初步研究.方法 采用试管二倍稀释法测定蛇鳞草的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果 蛇鳞草水提液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为63 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为250 mg/ml.蛇鳞草醇提液对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为125 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml,对大肠杆菌的MIC为250 mg/ml,MBC为500 mg/ml.两种提取液对绿脓杆菌均未呈现抑菌活性.结论蛇鳞草提取液具有一定的抑菌和杀菌活性.     

番石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抑菌活性研究

目的:优化番石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺,并筛选抑菌活性部位。方法:乙醇回流提取番石榴叶黄酮,紫外分光光度法测定黄酮含量,正交试验优化提取工艺;采用纸片扩散法对番石榴叶醇提物分别经石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取的部位进行抑菌实验。结果:最佳工艺:80%乙醇,料液比=1∶25(g∶m L),提取3次,每次1 h,总黄酮提取率为46.71 mg·g-1。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抑菌活性大小为:乙酸乙酯萃取部位正丁醇萃取部位萃余相60%乙醇总提物;对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌活性大小为:正丁醇萃取部位乙酸乙酯萃取部位萃余相60%乙醇总提物。结论:番石榴叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均可产生抑菌效果。乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部位抑菌效果较好。     

Antibacterial activity of the leaves of Phyllanthus discoideus

The lyophilized aqueous extract (LWE) from the leaves of Phyllanthus discoideus was found to show an antibacterial activity. The alkaloid fraction obtained from LWE inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 1.6 mg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 0.78 mg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC = 0.2 mg/ml). Among the alkaloids identified, viroallosecurinine and securinine showed a high activity. Viroallosecurinine exhibited a MIC of 0.48 micrograms/ml for Ps. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus. This alkaloid is bactericidal since the yields of MIC/MBC were less than 1. The MIC of securinine was 0.500 mg/ml for E. coli, Staph. aureus and Myc. smegmatis. These effects of Phyllanthus discoideus leaf extracts support some of the local uses of the plant in traditional therapy.     

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae), a reputed anti-HIV/AIDS phytomedicine

Dried ground leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted by both sequential extraction with four solvents, starting with the least polar and separately with acetone, ethanol and water. The extracts were tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The hexane extract was, generally, the most active extract against S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. coli with MIC values of 0.31, 1.25 and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The second method extracted compounds with antioxidant activity as shown by the DPPH free-radical scavenging assay. The use of Sutherlandia frutescens for topical staphylococcal infections, when formulated in an oily base appears to have a rational basis.     

延胡索提取物抑菌活性的初步研究

应用纸片法对延胡索提取物的抑菌作用进行研究。结果表明:乙醇提取抑菌效果优于水提取,以正丁醇作萃取液抑菌效果最明显;薄层层析结果表明有抑菌活性的物质Rf值为0.80。所得提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最好,最低抑菌浓度为2mg/mL,大肠杆菌次之,绿脓杆菌最弱。     

Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil

The antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Abies balsamea (balsam fir) was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of A. balsamea was found to be inactive against E. coli (>100 microg/mL) and active against S. aureus, with an MIC of 56 microg/mL. The oil composition was analysed by GC-MS and the antibacterial activity of each oil constituent was determined. The essential oil of A. balsamea is essentially constituted of monoterpenes (>96%) and some sesquiterpenes. beta-pinene (29.9%), delta-3-carene (19.6%) and alpha-pinene (14.6%) were the major components. beta-pinene and delta-3-carene were found inactive against both bacteria strains. However, three constituents of the essential oil were active against S. aureus: alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene (0.4%) and alpha-humulene (0.2%) with MIC values of 13.6 microg/mL, 5.1 microg/mL and 2.6 microg/mL, respectively.     

妇科千金片抑菌作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨妇科千金片抑菌作用机制。[方法]通过体外对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌抑菌试验及体内对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的保护作用试验,观察妇科千金片抑菌作用。[结果]体外抑菌试验表明,妇科千金片对大肠埃希菌(最小抑菌浓度为37.50mg/mL)、金黄色葡萄球菌(最小抑菌浓度为75.00mg/mL)、白色念珠菌(最小抑菌浓度18.75mg/mL)和铜绿假单胞菌(最小抑菌浓度37.50mg/mL)有抑制作用,体内抑菌实验表明,妇科千金片(1.65g/Kg)有降低金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠死亡率的作用,表明本品有抑菌作用。[结论]妇科千金片具有抑菌的作用。以上结果为妇科千金片临床应用提供了药效学依据。     

沙煲暗罗根乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性和抗菌活性研究

目的 考察沙煲暗罗根乙醇提取物不同萃取物的抗氧化和抗菌活性.方法 研究沙煲暗罗根乙醇提取物不同萃取物对羟基自由基和DPPH的抗氧化效果,并与Vc对比,找出IC50值;同时研究其抑菌效果,测出最低抑菌浓度.结果 乙酸乙酯萃取物对羟基自由基和DPPH的清除效果最好,IC50值分别为110.8μg/mL和156.5 μg/mL;三氯甲烷萃取物有最好的抑菌效果,对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌最小抑菌质量浓度均为20 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度为40 mg/mL.结论 沙煲暗罗根乙醇提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取物有较好的抗氧化,三氯甲烷萃取物有较好的抑菌活性.     

Antibacterial iridoid glucosides from Eremostachys laciniata

Eremostachys laciniata (L) Bunge (family: Lamiaceae alt. Labiatae; subfamily: Lamioideae) is one of the 15 endemic Iranian herbs of the genus Eremostachys. A decoction of the roots and flowers of E. laciniata has traditionally been taken orally for the treatment of allergies, headache and liver diseases. Three antibacterial iridoid glucosides, phloyoside I (1), phlomiol (2) and pulchelloside I (3) have been isolated from the rhizomes of this plant. The structures of these compounds were elucidated unequivocally by a series of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of these compounds were assessed using the resazurin microtitre assay and the brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. All three iridoid glycosides 1-3 exhibited from low to moderate levels (MIC = 0.05-0.50 mg/mL) of antibacterial activity. Of these compounds, compound 3 was the most active, and displayed antibacterial activity against 9 of 12 different strains tested. The most noteworthy activity of 3 was against Bacillus cereus, penicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 0.05 mg/mL.     

五倍子等14种中药对112株金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性观察

目的观察五倍子等14种中药的体外抗菌活性。方法用新的中药抑菌实验方法测定五倍子等14种中药对112株金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果。结果五倍子等14种中药对112株金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抗菌活性,其中以五倍子、连翘和儿茶的抗菌活性最好,其MIC90分别为0.102、0.244、1.19mg/mL。结论五倍子等14种中药对金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抗菌活性。     

Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa

The ethnobotanical survey conducted in this study showed that 21 plant species belonging to 14 families are used in traditional medical practice in Limpopo Province, South Africa, for the treatment of diarrhoea. Methanol, ethanol, acetone and hot water extract from different plant parts (leaves, roots, bark and stem rhizome), of several of these plants (Indigofera daleoides, Punica granatum, Syzygium cordatum, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Ozoroa insignis, Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Elephantorrhiza burkei, Ximenia caffra, Schotia brachypetala and Spirostachys africana), were screened for antibacterial activity against Vibro cholera, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., Salmonella typhi. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar-well diffusion method and expressed as the average diameter of the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the wells. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of active extracts was determined by using the micro-plate dilution assay. Most of the extracts showed relatively high antibacterial activity against most of the tested microorganisms with the diameter of inhibition zones ranging between 10 and 31 mm. Of the plants studied, the most active extracts were those obtained from Punica granatum and Indigofera daleoides. All extracts from two plants, namely, Punica granatum and Ozoroa insignis, were active against all bacterial strains while only organic extracts of Indigofera daleoides inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms. Water extract of Punica granatum were equally active as organic extracts against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. All extracts of Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Elephantorrhiza burkei and Ximenia caffra and Schotia brachypetala were not active against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The MIC values for active extracts ranged between 0.039 and 0.6 mg/ml. The results obtained appeared to confirm the antibacterial potential of the plants investigated, and their usefulness in the treatment of diarrhoea.     

Antibacterial steroid alkaloids from the stem bark of Holarrhena pubescens

Holarrhena pubescens (syn. H. antidysenterica) (L.) WALL. stem bark was tested for antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the microdilution broth method as well as the disc diffusion method. The crude methanolic extract was active against all tested bacteria. Further chemical fractionation indicated that the antibacterial activity was mainly associated with the alkaloids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the crude extract, the total alkaloids and the neutral fraction using microdilution broth method. The results were compared with reference antibiotics. The total alkaloids showed remarkable activity against S. aureus (MIC = 95 microg/ml).