大学生抑郁症状现况及其与负性生活事件的关系

目的了解大学生抑郁症状现况及其与负性生活事件的关系,为大学生身心健康发展及心理健康教育工作的开展提供参考。方法采用分层抽样法抽取3 609名大学生,使用流调中心抑郁自评量表、青少年生活事件量表以及自编大学生一般情况调查表进行调查。结果被调查的大学生抑郁症状检出率为48.24%(95%CI:46.52%～49.93%)。存在抑郁症状学生的生活事件及其各因子的得分均高于无抑郁症状的学生(均P<0.01)。支持和帮助的朋友是抑郁症状的保护因素(OR=0.324, 95%CI:0.139～0.758%);宗教信仰(OR=1.808, 95%CI:1.131～2.891)和家庭暴力(OR=3.567,95%CI:为1.551～8.205)是抑郁症状的危险因素;生活事件中,负性人际关系事件(OR=1.781, 95%CI:1.392～2.279)、负性学习压力事件(OR=1.551, 95%CI:1.207～1.993)、负性健康适应事件(OR=1.302, 95%CI:1.053～1.609)是抑郁症状的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论大学生抑郁症状检出率较高,负性生活事件是大学生抑...     

癫痫患者抑郁障碍与负性生活事件关系的探讨

[目的]探讨癫痫患者抑郁障碍与负性生活事件的关系.[方法]抑郁障碍诊断采用中国神经精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)单相抑郁发病的诊断标准.对58名癫痫患者按是否受负性生活事件影响分为负性生活事件影响组(n=30)、非负性生活事件影响组(n=28),对两组进行比较分析.[结果]负性生活事件影响组、非负性生活事件影响组抑郁的发生率分别为73.3%、17.9%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(X2=15.76,P＜0.001);负性生活事件刺激量与抑郁障碍呈正相关.[结论]癫痫患者并发抑郁障碍与负性生活事件相关.     

中学生负性生活事件、认知情绪调节与抑郁的关系

目的 探讨中学生生活事件、认知情绪调节与抑郁的关系,为改善中学生心理健康提供依据。方法 采用自编负性生活事件、认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ)和抑郁自评问卷(BDI)对184名中学生进行了问卷调查。结果 中学生在重新关注计划(14.36±3.48)和积极重新评价(13.92±3.65)得分最高,而灾难化(6.73±3.45)和责难他人(7.89±2.38)策略得分最低;相关分析显示,负性生活事件数与抑郁得分、灾难化和责难他人显著正相关(r=0.26、0.19、0.26,P均＜0.01),抑郁得分与沉思、灾难化、责难他人和自责显著正相关(r=0.45、0.44、0.25、0.25,P均＜0.01);层次回归模型表明,负性生活事件、沉思、灾难化对抑郁症状有显著的正向预测作用,其中沉思和灾难化两个变量解释抑郁症状总方差的22.3%。结论 负性生活事件对中学生抑郁具有显著影响,而沉思和灾难化的应对策略可能扮演着更为重要的角色。     

负性生活事件对北京地区军队老年男性离退休干部生活质量的影响

目的 了解军队离退休干部生活质量的现状及负性生活事件带来的影响,为制定该人群的健康管理措施提供依据.方法 从2007年10月1日～2008年3月30日,使用健康状况量表对430例军队离退休老年人的一般情况、生活质量及其影响因素进行横断面调查.结果 不同年龄段和近期是否发生负性生活事件各组的老干部生活质量不同.不同年龄段在生理功能、生理职能和活力3个维度评分结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).年龄越大,各维度分数越低.近期发生负性生活事件者在生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力、精神健康、情感职能和社会功能各方面维度评分相较无负性生活事件者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对军队老年男性离退休干部有针对性地开展健康教育和心理健康咨询,是提高该老年人群生活质量的可行方法.     

抑郁在大学生负性生活事件和自杀意念关系中的中介效应

目的 探讨负性生活事件与大学生自杀意念的关系及其抑郁的介导作用.方法 采用整群抽样方法,调查某综合性大学本科生共1145名,通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定大学生近1周内自杀意念和抑郁症状,通过基本情况问卷了解大学生经历的负性生活事件,包括重大疾病、学习困难、经济困难和人际冲突,并通过中介分析探讨抑郁在负性生活事件与自杀意念关系中的介导作用.结果 负性生活事件中重大疾病(OR=2.5,P=0.028)、人际冲突(OR=7.2,P=0.002)和经济困难(OR=1.6,P=0.026)均导致自杀意念的产生,学业困难与自杀意念无相关性(OR=1.8,P=0.090).调整抑郁变量后,重大疾病和人际冲突对自杀意念的影响不再具有统计学意义,而经济困难对抑郁无影响,学业问题对抑郁和自杀意念均无影响,故抑郁是重大疾病和人际冲突与自杀意念的完全中介变量,而抑郁在经济困难、学业问题与自杀意念的关系无中介作用.结论 抑郁在不同负性生活事件和自杀意念的关系路径中所起的中介作用不同.     

304例老年自杀死亡者死前负性生活事件分析

目的 了解老年自杀死亡者死前经历的负性生活事件,探索其与抑郁症状的关系。方法 对304例55岁以上老年自杀死亡者家属和知情者进行调查,了解死者生前生活事件、精神疾患、死前2周抑郁程度等情况。结果 老年自杀死亡者死前前3位的生活事件依次为患急重病或受重伤(占59.2％)、生活规律(饮食、睡眠等)的重大变化(占37.8％)和经济困难(占34.5％)。不管有无精神疾病,经历上述三个生活事件者的抑郁程度均显著高于未经历者。结论 老年自杀死亡者死前较大比例经历过多个负性生活事件,某些负性生活事件可能与其死前抑郁有关。     

负性生活事件对大学生心理健康的影响

笔者就在校大学生负性生活事件发生的频度和对心理健康影响的强度进行了调研，现将结果报道如下。1对象与方法对1992级部分本科生用SCL-90量表作心理状况的追踪调查，获得有效答卷90份（男生44人，女生46人）。于四年级毕业前对这90人进行在校期间负性生活事件调查，收回有效答卷83份（男39人，女44人）。“负性生活事件调查表，参照生活事件量表和生活事件再调整值量表”，根据笔者对大学生常见负性生活事件归成4类共20项编制而成。其中第1类家庭问题5项，第Ⅱ类人际关系问题3项，第Ⅲ类学习与工作问题6项，第Ⅳ类个人问题6项。2结果与分…     

医学生负性生活事件现况分析

国外研究显示，随着生活事件负荷的增加，青少年发生心理障碍的危险增加。负性生活事件也是导致心理健康问题的直接原因。为提高医学生心理素质能力，创造良好的学习、生活环境，对某市医学院在校生进行了相关内容的调查。     

孕期负性生活事件对出生缺陷的影响

目的:调查影响母亲孕期心理状况的负性生活事件,探讨孕期负性生活事件对子代出生缺陷的影响。方法:用频数匹配的病例对照研究设计、用一般情况调查表和生活事件量表,通过面访的形式分别对350例出生缺陷儿童的母亲和350例正常儿童的母亲进行问卷调查,并对资料进行分析。结果:病例组和对照组母亲孕期负性生活事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组母亲孕期负性生活事件总刺激量及家庭方面负性刺激量均大于对照组(P<0.05);母亲孕期负性生活事件刺激对子代先天性唇、腭裂及先天性心脏病和先天性巨结肠等的发生影响较大(P<0.05)。结论:大部分孕妇在孕期至少经历1件以上负性生活事件刺激,家庭方面是影响母亲孕期心理状况的主要负性生活事件来源,不良心理状况导致的母亲神经内分泌系统的变化对子代出生缺陷的发生具有潜在影响。     

农村居民抑郁、焦虑情绪与负性生活事件的相关分析

[目的]探讨农村居民抑郁、焦虑状况及其与负性生活事件的关系,为改善农村居民心理素质提供科学依据. [方法]对某地居民采取整群抽样方法,共调查1 624名常住农村居民;焦虑、抑郁症状的评定采用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自评抑郁量表(SDS),生活事件评定采用自评生活事件量表(LES). [结果]居民抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为32.7%、20.3%,较常发生的负性生活事件为工作或学习压力大、经济困难、对工作不满意、子女教养问题、与同事或邻里不和等问题,负性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑显著相关(P<0.01).男性、文化程度高是抑郁发生的保护因素,高应激量是抑郁、焦虑发生的危险因素. [结论]农村居民的抑郁、焦虑发生情况不容乐观,与负性生活事件相关.     

Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health

This study investigates whether the presence of green space can attenuate negative health impacts of stressful life events. Individual-level data on health and socio-demographic characteristics were drawn from a representative two-stage sample of 4529 Dutch respondents to the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (DNSGP-2), conducted in 2000–2002. Health measures included: (1) the number of health complaints in the last 14 days; (2) perceived mental health (measured by the GHQ-12); and (3) a single item measure of perceived general health ranging from ‘excellent’ to ‘poor’. Percentages of green space in a 1-km and 3-km radius around the home were derived from the 2001 National Land cover Classification database (LGN4). Data were analysed using multilevel regression analysis, with GP practices as the group-level units. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, income, education level, and level of urbanity. The results show that the relationships of stressful life events with number of health complaints and perceived general health were significantly moderated by amount of green space in a 3-km radius. Respondents with a high amount of green space in a 3-km radius were less affected by experiencing a stressful life event than respondents with a low amount of green space in this radius. The same pattern was observed for perceived mental health, although it was marginally significant. The moderating effects of green space were found only for green space within 3 km, and not for green space within 1 km of residents' homes, presumably because the 3-km indicator is more affected by the presence of larger areas of green space, that are supposed to sustain deeper forms of restoration. These results support the notion that green space can provide a buffer against the negative health impact of stressful life events.     

我国退休人员抑郁现状及影响因素的性别差异研究

目的 分析我国退休人员的抑郁现状及其影响因素,并进行性别差异比较。方法 基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年的数据,纳入1 438名退休人员,运用χ²检验和二元logistic回归分析不同性别退休人员抑郁状况及影响因素的差异。结果 我国退休人员的抑郁发生率为24.9%,女性高于男性(30.5%vs. 20.2%,χ²=20.455,P<0.001)。自评健康状况不好、日常生活能力受损、睡眠时间短是男性和女性退休人员抑郁的共同影响因素。居住地区为中部(OR=1.574,95%CI:1.009～2.455)是女性退休人员抑郁特有的危险因素,年龄60～69岁(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.343～0.869)、有社交活动(OR=0.621,95%CI:0.414～0.931)是女性退休人员特有的保护因素。结论 我国退休人员的抑郁状况存在着明显的性别差异,女性退休人员的抑郁发生率更高,且影响因素更复杂,应为不同性别的退休人员制定有针对性的抑郁防治措施。     

1985-2014年中国汉族18岁青少年身高长期趋势的性别差异变化

目的:分析1985-2014年中国汉族18岁青少年身高长期趋势的性别变化。方法:选取1985、1995、2000、2005、2010和2014年6次全国学生体质与健康调研中124 099名18岁汉族青少年的身高数据。以性别分层,采用ANOVA比较各年度青少年的平均身高,以及城乡、地区和营养状况亚组中的身高差异。计算各年...     

Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey

OBJECTIVE: To assess psychological changes in medical students in Antalya, Turkey during their undergraduate education. The first-year follow-up outcomes are presented in this article. DESIGN: All first-year undergraduate students were given a detailed, self-report questionnaire and another in the second year. They were asked to complete the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). SETTING: The Faculties of Medicine, Economics and Physical Education (PE) of the Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: All first-year undergraduate students in the Faculties of Medicine, Economics and PE who were registered in 1996. RESULTS: The findings showed that psychological test scores on the GHQ, the STAI and the BDI rose significantly in medical students between the first and second years. Using the GHQ, with different cut-off scores, the percentage of students scoring above the thresholds was higher in medical students in year 2, compared with economics and PE students. In addition, the scores for some stressful life events of medical students showed a significant rise from year 1 to year 2. Multiple regression analyses indicated that some stressful life events related to social activities were associated with the psychological test scores for medical students. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there is a decrease in the psychological health of first-year medical students. Some inadequacies in the social activities of the students might play a role in this type of disturbance.     

新疆伊犁地区儿童青少年应激性生活事件及影响因素分析

目的 了解新疆伊犁地区儿童青少年应激性生活事件的现状以及影响因素,为新疆儿童青少年健康干预提供支持。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法在新疆伊犁地区4个县市随机抽取3442名初中学生进行生活事件多维评定问卷的调查。结果 新疆伊犁地区初中学生男生应激性生活事件5个维度及总维度得分均低于女生,并且在恋爱与性维度方面差异有统计学意义(t值为-6.383,P值＜0.01)。随着年级升高,应激性生活事件各维度得分呈现上升趋势,并且均存在统计学意义(F值分别为31.468、27.542、11.346、17.446、27.158、54.689,P值均＜0.01)。logistic回归分析表明,城市、非独生子女、初二年级、初三年级、学业负担较重是导致应激性生活事件发生的危险性因素(B值为0.235、0.211、0.318、0.366、1.196,P值均＜0.05),具有1~2个、3~5个、5个以上亲密的朋友是保护因素(B值为-0.619、-0.964、-1.077,P值均＜0.01)。结论 新疆伊犁地区初中生应激性生活事件不容乐观,今后应结合本地区中学生特点及实际进行有效的干预和引导。     

应激事件、负性思维和应对方式对研究生抑郁的预测及影响研究

目的探究应激事件、负性思维和应对方式对高校研究生抑郁的预测及影响,为制定针对性的心理干预措施提供依据。方法采用SDS量表、青少年应激事件量表、简易应对方式问卷和自动思维问卷,对659名研究生进行调查。结果抑郁检出率为3.49%(23例),研究生抑郁与应激事件、负性思维和消极应对呈正相关(r=0.235、0.289、0.187,P值均0.01),与积极应对呈负相关(r=-0.399,P0.01);多元回归分析显示,应激事件与抑郁无线性关系,负性思维、积极应对和消极应对对抑郁有影响,其中积极应对预测力最强(15.9%)。结论高校研究生存在一定的抑郁人群,应针对性地制定心理干预措施,提高其心理健康水平。     

Social support and stressful life events: age differences in their effects on health-related quality of life among the chronically ill

There is substantial evidence of individual variation in health-related quality of life measures that is not accounted for by age or disease condition. An understanding of factors that determine good health is necessary for maintained function and improved quality of life. This study examines the extent to which social support and stressful life events were more or less beneficial for the long-term physical functioning and emotional well-being of 1402 chronically ill patients. Analyses, conducted separately in three age groups, showed that social support was beneficial for health over time regardless of age. In addition, low levels of support were particularly damaging for the physical functioning of older patients. Stressful life events impacted differentially on health-related quality of life: relationship events had an immediate effect on well-being which diminished with time; financial events had an immediate negative effect on functioning and well-being which persisted over time for middle-aged patients; bereavement had a delayed impact on quality of life, with the youngest patients especially vulnerable to its negative effects; work-related events had both negative and positive effects, depending on age group. Results reinforce the importance of identifying and dealing with psychosocial problems among patients with chronic disease.Supported by grants from the National Institute on Ageing, Bethesda, MD, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Menlo Park, CA; The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ; The Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia, PA; the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD; the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and RAND, Santa Monica, CA and the New England Medical Center, Boston, MA out of their own research funds.     

我国30~79岁成年人中睡眠状况与衰弱的相关性研究

目的 描述我国30~79岁成年人的睡眠状况与衰弱的相关性,并探讨肥胖对二者关系的效应修饰作用。方法 基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目的基线调查数据,采用多分类logistic回归,分别分析全体研究对象、不同肥胖状态者睡眠时长较长（≥9 h/d）、较短（≤6 h/d）、失眠障碍、打鼾、不健康睡眠评分与衰弱前期、衰弱期的相关性,并根据分层分析判断肥胖的效应修饰作用。结果 在512 724名研究对象中,2.3%处于衰弱状态,40.1%处于衰弱前期状态。睡眠时长与衰弱评分之间呈U形关系。睡眠时长较短（OR=1.21,95%CI：1.19~1.23）、较长（OR=1.19,95%CI：1.17~1.21）、失眠障碍（OR=2.09,95%CI：2.02~2.17）、打鼾（OR=1.61,95%CI：1.59~1.63）、不健康睡眠评分为1分（OR=1.46, 95%CI：1.44~1.48）、2分（OR=1.97,95%CI：1.93~2.00）、3分（OR=3.43,95%CI：3.21~3.67）均与处于衰弱前期正相关。上述睡眠问题亦与处于衰弱期正相关。在正常体重组中,睡眠时长较短者处于衰弱或衰弱前期、失眠者处于衰弱前期的相关性高于超重肥胖组;而打鼾者处于衰弱或衰弱前期的相关性低于超重肥胖组,按中心性肥胖分层结果类似（交互P值均<0.007）。结论 睡眠时长较长或较短、失眠障碍、打鼾、不健康睡眠评分较高,均与处于衰弱前期或衰弱期正相关,超重肥胖对二者关系具有效应修饰作用。     

Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression

One of the most consistent findings in the social epidemiology of mental health is the gender gap in depression. Depression is approximately twice as prevalent among women as it is among men. However, the absence of comparable data hampers cross-national comparisons of the prevalence of depression in general populations. Using information about the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms from the third wave of the European Social Survey (ESS-3), we are able to fill the gap the absence of comparable data leaves. In the ESS-3, depression is measured with an eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale. In the current study, we examine depression among men and women aged 18–75 in 23 European countries. Our results indicate that women report higher levels of depression than men do in all countries, but there is significant cross-national variation in this gender gap. Gender differences in depression are largest in some of the Eastern and Southern European countries and smallest in Ireland, Slovakia and some Nordic countries. Hierarchical linear models show that socioeconomic as well as family-related factors moderate the relationship between gender and depression. Lower risk of depression is associated in both genders with marriage and cohabiting with a partner as well as with having a generally good socioeconomic position. In a majority of countries, socioeconomic factors have the strongest association with depression in both men and women. This research contributes new findings, expanding the small existing body of literature that presents highly comparable data on the prevalence of depression in women and men in Europe.