Wie kann die personenzentrierte zahnmedizinische Versorgung nachhaltig gefördert werden?

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz -     

Prävalenz von Demenz bei Versicherten mit und ohne deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Ältere Menschen ohne deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit (DS) sind eine rasch wachsende Bevölkerungsgruppe in der...     

Gesundheitsförderung bei Menschen mit geistigen und mehrfachen Behinderungen

Background

The concept of the WHO to health promotion focuses equal opportunities, empowerment and participation. Persons with multiple disabilities are faced with considerable barriers to health provision. Still they were not recognized as a target group of health promotion and so there is no scientific discourse yet.

Objective

This work aims to point up the potential of alliance of health promotion and special needs pedagogy and to encourage a scientific discourse so that conceptions and impulses for practice can be developed. That can account to improvement of health provision for the target group.

Material and methods

Based on a literature research to the current state of knowledge the concept of health promotion of the WHO was applied to and compared with leading pedagogical guiding principles.

Results and discussion

Considerable intersections of health promotion and current pedagogical guiding principles successfully found. They suggest an increased multidisciplinarity and holistic approach to health provision for the target group.     

Intergenerationale Mobilität und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten in Ost- und Westdeutschland

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Soziale Mobilitätsprozesse, d. h. die Bewegung einer Person aus einer sozialen Position in eine andere, stellen einen...     

Umgang mit W?sche und Abfall in Alten- und Pflegeheimen

Management of infectious diseases in nursing homes is as important as it is in hospitals. Therefore, a standardized questionnaire was used for the detailed assessment of the handling of laundry and garbage with a special focus on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 22?nursing homes in Germany. The study focused on the prevention of occupational diseases in the nursing home staff. Despite a few isolated problems, the situation of MRSA-positive patients was not as alarming as expected: guidelines for MRSA as published by KRINKO were often followed by the healthcare workers. However, general problems with managing garbage and laundry were identified. Many nursing homes lacked protective clothing and a sufficient garbage management plan. In addition, the handling of laundry was a problem in that the clothing of the patients and the working clothes of the staff were often washed at home rather than in accredited laundries. Thus, the awareness for hygienic problems needs to be raised, e.g., by expanding hygienic control for the nursing homes.     

Sinnfindung und Spiritualität bei Patienten mit chronischen körperlichen Erkrankungen

Issues of the meaning of life and spirituality are particularly important subjects given the threat of a serious illness and the confrontation with the finiteness of one's own life. Thus, addressing questions of meaning and spiritual domains of supportive care has been identified as essential by patients as well as by health care professionals. In recent years more research has focussed on theoretical conceptualization, empirical examination as well as on the development of meaning-centred interventions in somatically ill patients. Theoretical models for the understanding, development and adaptation of concepts and interventions addressing meaning and spirituality in the chronically ill are offered by the philosophical tradition of existentialism, logotherapy as well as by cognitive and developmental psychology, in particular studies on autobiographical memory and life story. However, the current state of empirical research focussing on the association between meaning, spirituality and physical as well as mental health and underlying mechanisms is not sufficient to draw reliable conclusions. With regard to psychosocial care, meaning-centred interventions have been developed in recent years primarily within the context of palliative care. These interventions are intended to support patients to find meaning in life in the face of a serious illness and to experience their life as fulfilled.     

Erratum zu: Prävalenz von Demenz bei Versicherten mit und ohne deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Erratum zu: Bundesgesundheitsbl 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-018-2711-5 In der Originalpublikation wurde leider an drei...     

Bewegung, körperliche und geistige Mobilität im Alter

Old age and aging are accompanied by a number of physical and mental changes. However, these so-called age-dependent processes are not exclusively genetically determined or irreversible but can be partially delayed, prevented, or compensated and some can even be reversed. The goal of this article is to highlight the plasticity, or the "mobility", of physical and mental aging. We will point out in what respects an appropriate lifestyle or purposeful interventions can positively influence the reserve capacity of aging human beings and the aging process. Using the example of physical activity, we will illustrate how we can influence physiological development, cognitive performance, longevity, as well as the development and the occurrence of chronic diseases. Additionally, it is shown that cognitive development is malleable as well. It is facilitated or debilitated by behavior and activity-this covers not only cognitive but also physical activity. It is our particular concern to demonstrate the close interconnectedness of body and mind.     

Schoolwalker – eine Initiative zur gesundheits- und umweltbewussten Mobilität bei Kindern

Background and research question

Walking, as a form of exercise, promotes health and can contribute to a reduction of traffic as well as reduced environmental pollution. The promotion of physical activity in early childhood has been shown to be an important instrument in improving levels of health and overall wellbeing. The aim of this study was to show the influence of walking to school on kinesic behaviour of children and to determine the impact of walking on CO₂ emission levels.

Research method

A quantitative survey was carried out in seven primary schools. Data was collected via a standardised questionnaire.

Results

In addition to promoting social behaviour and increasing the number of children walking to school to 50?%, we determined a reduction of 3.9 kg CO₂ per child per year. This corresponds to a total reduction of 1.4 t (among 370 children).

Conclusion

Projects aimed at promoting physical activity, such as Schoolwalker, can lead to reductions in CO₂ hence promoting protection of the climate and environment. Schoolwalker is an example for a successful implementation of the “Health in all Policies” approach.     

Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on health and wellbeing at any age. For this reason, sports and exercise enhancing measures are inherent parts of public health in Germany. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) provides a nationally representative database which allows a comprehensive analysis of physical activity behaviour among young people. This may support the planning and implementation of health intervention measures. Primary results of KiGGS indicate that most children aged 3 to 10 years regularly go in for sports: around three quarters of girls and boys go in for sports at least once a week, and even more than one third three times a week or more. Children without sport engagement come disproportionately often from families with low socioeconomic status, with a migration background or from former East Germany. Also among adolescents sports and exercise activity is very common. Among 11-17 year olds, how ever, the current recommendation to conduct physical and or sports activities on most days of the week is only achieved by every fourth boy and every sixth girl. Especially girls with low socioeconomic status and with a migration background show a lack of physical activity. These results underline the importance of sports- and exercise-promoting measures in childhood and adolescence, designed for specific target groups.     

Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Gesundheit bei älteren Arbeitnehmern

Introduction

German executives are becoming increasingly aware of the growing significance of employee health for the future viability of their companies. For the practical implementation of health promotion in a business setting, it is imperative to identify the central determinants of health, so that targeted measures can be initiated.

Method

In the present article, results from a cross-sectional study in a German company are presented (n?=?160; mean?=?55.1 years; SD?=?3.61 years). The aim of the study was to empirically analyze whether physical fitness has a stronger association with subjective health and state of physical ailments than the determinants physical activity, BMI and smoker/non-smoker status. In order to address these questions, we calculated hierarchical regressions.

Results

The results show that fitness is the strongest determinant of subjective health perception with a Beta weight of 0.447 (T?=?5.502; p?<?0.001). The evaluation of the associational factors of the state of physical ailments also showed that the state of fitness is a highly significant predictor of physical ailments (β?=???0.498; T?=???5.838; p?<?0.001).

Conclusions

In the light of this, health promotion measures focusing on physical activity and particularly the physical fitness should be given a larger role in occupational practice.