广州市中老年人体脂率与常规肥胖指标相关性及其对应值的研究

目的 探讨广州市中老年人体脂率（BFP）与BMI、腰围（WC）和腰臀比（WHR）等常规肥胖指标的相关性,并推算BFP相应切点值。方法 基于“广州生物库队列研究”（GBCS）平台,选择3 490名50岁及以上相对健康者随机分成两组,一组用于曲线拟合分析,确定BFP与BMI、WC和WHR间的相关方程,然后再引入性别、年龄、体力运动、吸烟、饮酒等因素进行逐步回归分析,建立预测方程,进而推算反映肥胖程度的BMI、WC、WHR各切点值对应的BFP切点值,然后与另一组进行验证。结果 BFP随BMI、WC和WHR的增加而增加,与WC、WHR相比,BMI能更好预测BFP,其回归方程为BFP=（-23.47-8.87×性别）+2.94×（BMI）-0.024×（BMI）²,决定系数R²=0.805。根据回归方程,超重（24 kg/m²≤BMI < 28 kg/m²）对应的BFP分别男性为24.3%≤BFP < 31.1%,女性为33.2%≤BFP < 40.0%。与WC、WHR对应的BFP判定肥胖的一致性相比,BMI所对应的BFP判定肥胖的一致性较好,其ROC曲线下面积最大,男性为0.909,女性为0.919,灵敏度和特异度分别男性为70.3%、85.5%;女性为75.2%、93.0%。结论 BFP与BMI的相关性较好。广州市中老年人BFP对应于超重/肥胖（BMI≥24 kg/m²）的切点值男性为24.0%,女性为33.0%。     

2001--2010年北京城市社区老年人群体重变迁及其危险因素变化的研究

目的 分析2001-2010年北京市城区老年人超重、肥胖率变化趋势及其相关危险因素的变化。方法 分析数据来自课题组对北京市万寿路社区/>60岁老年人2001年(2277人)和2010年(2102人)进行的两次横断面调查。结果 2001年男女性年龄调整BMI(kg/m²)均值分别为25.3(95%C/:25.1～25.5)和25.8(95%Cl:25.5-25.9),2010年分别为25.0(95%C/:24.8～25.1)和25.0(95%C1:24.7.25.1),男女性BMI均值均呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。年龄标化后,按WHO标准,lo年间超重(BMI≥25kg/m²)率男性由48.3%下降为44.5%,女性由46.3%下降为39.9%;肥胖率(BMI≥30kg/m²)男性由5.4%下降至4.9%,女性由11.6%下降至7.3%,其中女性超重率和肥胖率下降均存在统计学意义,而男性均不显著;按中国标准,10年问超重(BMI>,24kg/m²)率男性由47.9%下降为47.2%,女性由44.9%下降为41.0%;肥胖率(BMI≥28kg/m²)男性由19.2%下降至15.5%,女性由24.2%下降为18.0%,其中男性超重率下降不显著(P>0.05),女性有统计学意义,两性别人群肥胖率下降幅度均有统计学意义,女性超重率和肥胖率的下降幅度显著大于男性。两次调查m糖、血脂、血压水平均与超重或肥胖呈正相关,多因素logistic回归分析显示,10年间人群中吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等生活方式的改变对体重变化有一定影响。结论 10年间研究人群的BMI及超重和肥胖现患率均呈下降;高血压、高血糖和高血脂仍是老年人超重或肥胖的重要危险因素,而其健康生活方式对降低超重和肥胖率有重要作用。     

中国成年人体质指数和腰围与主要慢性病风险的关联研究

目的 分析中国成年人BMI与主要慢性病发病及全死因死亡风险的关联。方法 本研究基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究,基线时测量研究对象的身高、体重和腰围。分析中剔除基线现患冠心病、脑卒中、恶性肿瘤、COPD和糖尿病者,纳入428 113名研究对象。使用Cox比例风险回归模型分析BMI和腰围与主要慢性病（包括心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、COPD、2型糖尿病）发病及全死因死亡的关联。结果 在平均10年随访期间,共有131 454人发生≥ 1种上述慢性病,26 892人死亡。主要慢性病发病风险随BMI增加而升高,与正常体重（18.5 ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m²）者相比,超重（24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m²）和肥胖（BMI > 28.0 kg/m²）者的风险比分别为1.26（95% CI：1.24~1.27）和1.59（95% CI：1.57~1.62）。BMI过低或过高均与全死因死亡风险升高有关。腰围与主要慢性病发病及全死因死亡风险呈正向关联。按照中国人群体重标准,将体重控制在正常范围可以减少约12%主要慢性病发病。结论 一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖是中国成年人主要慢性病发病的危险因素。     

高血压人群中体质指数与全死因死亡风险的队列研究

目的 探讨高血压队列人群中BMI和全死因死亡风险的关系。方法 研究对象为河南省某农村地区高血压队列人群,应用Cox风险比例回归模型计算基线时不同BMI水平人群随访期间的全死因死亡比例HR值及其95% CI,并采用限制性立方样条模型拟合BMI与全死因死亡风险的剂量-反应关系。结果 5 461名高血压队列人群累积随访31 048.38人年,平均随访6年,随访期间死亡589人。控制潜在的混杂因素后,以基线正常体重组（18.5 kg/m² < BMI < 24.0 kg/m²）为参照,低体重组（BMI<18.5 kg/m²）、超重组（24.0 kg/m² < BMI < 28.0 kg/m²）和肥胖组（BMI≥28 kg/m²）人群发生死亡的HR值（95% CI）分别为0.83（0.37～1.87）、0.81（0.67～0.97）和0.72（0.56～0.91）。限制性立方样条模型分析结果显示,在高血压队列人群中,基线BMI和全死因死亡风险关联强度呈现倒“S”形非线性剂量反应关系（非线性检验P<0.001）。结论 超重和肥胖可能是高血压人群死亡风险的保护因素,与“肥胖悖论”一致。     

不同肥胖测量指标与成年女性血清C反应蛋白的关联研究

目的 探讨不同的肥胖测量指标对中国成年女性血清C反应蛋白(CRP)的关联。方法 数据来源于成都市双流区城镇乳腺癌筛查项目基线调查及随访调查,共纳入441名成年女性。对研究对象开展问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。采用多因素logistic回归模型、两水平线性混合效应模型和限制性立方样条模型探讨不同肥胖测量指标与成年女性血清CRP的线性和非线性关联。结果 BMI、腰围和体脂率每增加1个单位,成年女性血清CRP升高即慢性低度炎症状态加重的风险分别增加16.5%、5.0%和11.1%(P<0.05)。BMI和体脂率与血清CRP之间存在非线性关联,以BMI=24.0 kg/m²为参考点,当BMI>24.0 kg/m²时,血清CRP水平随BMI的增加而增加;以体脂率=30%为参考点,当体脂率>30%时,血清CRP水平随体脂率的增加而增加。结论 BMI反映的整体肥胖与成年女性血清CRP关联最强,体脂率反映的体脂含量与血清CRP关联强度次之,腰围反映的中心性肥胖与血清CRP关联相对最弱。BMI>24.0 kg/m²和体脂率>30%的成年女性是产生肥胖相关炎性表现的高危险人群。     

体质指数动态变化与2型糖尿病发病关系的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨BMI动态变化对队列人群2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病的影响。方法 以2006年开展的浙江省德清县农村社区成年人群健康队列为基础,随机抽取3 043名基线未患T2DM对象构建亚队列,于2015年7-11月进行随访,共1 867名调查对象纳入研究,进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。以中国标准对基线BMI（kg/m²）分类：<24.0为正常,24.0～27.9为超重,≥28.0为肥胖;BMI每年变化<0.05 kg/m²表示基本无变化。用Cox回归模型分析基线BMI及其变化与T2DM发生的关系。结果 随访人时为（8.68±1.25）年,新发T2DM为213例,其中女性125例,发病密度为13.14/1 000人年。Cox回归模型分析显示,在调整其他可能影响因素后,与基线BMI<24.0 kg/m²人群相比,基线BMI≥28.0 kg/m²的人群发生T2DM的风险较高（aHR=2.12,95% CI：1.22～3.68）;在基线BMI<24.0 kg/m²的人群中,与BMI基本无变化的人群相比,BMI增加的人群发生T2DM的风险较高（aHR=2.21,95% CI：1.17～4.17）。结论 基线BMI和BMI改变均可增加T2DM的发病风险,尤其是基线BMI正常的人群,其BMI改变对T2DM的发生影响较大。     

中国成年人BMI和腰围与慢性肾脏病发病风险的关联研究

目的 分析中国成年人BMI和腰围与慢性肾脏病（CKD）及其各亚型发病风险之间的关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究数据,剔除基线自报患有恶性肿瘤、冠心病、脑卒中和CKD者,最终纳入480 430例研究对象。身高、体重和腰围为基线测量。将满足以下任意一种诊断定义为总CKD事件：糖尿病肾病（DKD）、高血压肾病（HTN）、肾小球肾炎（GN）、小管间质性肾炎（CTIN）和梗阻性肾病（ON）、其他病因导致的肾病、慢性肾衰竭。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析暴露因素与各结局风险间的关联。结果 研究对象随访（11.8±2.2）年,随访期间共记录5 486例新发总CKD事件,其中DKD 1 147例,HTN 340例,GN 1 458例,CTIN 460例,ON 598例,其他病因导致的肾病418例,慢性肾衰竭1 065例。调整社会人口学特征、生活方式、基线高血压、糖尿病的患病情况以及腰围后,与BMI（kg/m²）分类为正常（18.5~23.9）的研究对象相比,体重过低（<18.5）、超重（24.0~27.9）和肥胖（≥28.0）的研究对象总CKD发病的风险比（HR）值（95%CI）分别为1.42（1.23~1.63）、1.00（0.93~1.08）和0.98（0.87~1.10）。按腰围进行分层后,在非中心性肥胖者（腰围：男性<85.0 cm、女性<80.0 cm）中,BMI与总CKD发病风险呈负相关（HR=0.97,95%CI：0.96~0.99）;在中心性肥胖者（男性≥90.0 cm、女性≥85.0 cm）中,两者呈正相关（HR=1.03,95%CI：1.01~1.05）。BMI与GN的关联类似总CKD。BMI每增加1.0 kg/m²,HTN发病HR值（95%CI）为1.12（1.06~1.18）。调整潜在的混杂因素和BMI后,与非中心性肥胖者相比,中心性肥胖前期（腰围：男性85.0~89.9 cm、女性80.0~84.9 cm）和中心性肥胖的研究对象总CKD发病的HR值（95%CI）分别为1.26（1.16~1.36）和1.32（1.20~1.45）。腰围与除HTN和CTIN外的所有亚型发病风险均呈正相关。结论 BMI分类的体重过低和中心性肥胖是总CKD的独立危险因素,BMI和腰围与不同CKD亚型发病风险间的关联存在差异。     

中国慢性病前瞻性研究:10个项目地区成年人超重/肥胖现况分析

目的 描述中国慢性病前瞻性研究(CKB)项目10个地区人群超重/肥胖现状的地区差异。方法 CKB项目于2004－2008年在城市和农村各5个地区募集30～79岁队列成员并完成基线调查,剔除BMI异常个体后,分析10个地区中512 489名队列成员基线调查时的BMI和WC及其对应的超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖分组情况的地区差异。结果 10个地区女性的超重/肥胖(45.3%)和中心性肥胖(44.6%)水平均高于男性(41.7%和38.3%)。青岛项目点人群的超重/肥胖率(男性为66.9%,女性为67.5%)和中心性肥胖率(男性为63.3%,女性为64.9%)均为最高。超重/肥胖的地区差异在男性中更为明显;除河南以外的农村项目点超重/肥胖率相对较低。在BMI< 24.0 kg/m²的非超重/肥胖人群中,部分个体达到中心性肥胖标准(男性为9.8%,女性为15.3%);该比例在青岛项目点更高(男性为22.2%,女性为23.2%)。结论 CKB项目10个地区研究人群的超重/肥胖情况存在明显的地区差异。     

浙江省非超重成年人血脂异常患病率及影响因素分析

目的 探讨浙江省非超重成年人血脂异常流行特征及影响因素。方法 选择参加2010年浙江省代谢综合征流行病学调查的10 868名年龄≥18周岁非超重/肥胖居民(BMI<24.0 kg/m²)为研究对象,进行问卷调查、体检和血脂检测,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响因素。结果 该人群血脂异常患病率为41.38%,男性(43.19%)显著高于女性(39.84%)(χ²=12.53,P<0.001);随年龄增长,男性血脂异常患病率降低(趋势χ²=47.61,P<0.001),女性患病率升高(趋势χ²=3.88,P<0.05),<50岁男性患病率明显高于女性;农村人群患病率(41.49%)略高于城市(41.21%),但差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.08,P=0.774);多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、慢性病家族史、现在吸烟、现在饮酒、高肉蛋类饮食、烹调使用动物油、体力活动、中心性肥胖和BMI是非超重成年人血脂异常的影响因素。结论 浙江省非超重成年人血脂异常患病率较高,家族史、吸烟、高脂饮食、体力活动不足、中心性肥胖等是主要影响因素。     

中国成年人超重和肥胖与高血压发病关系的随访研究

目的 探讨中国成年人超重和肥胖与高血压发病的关系。方法 研究对象来自中国心血管病流行病学多中心协作研究和中国心血管健康多中心合作研究,两项研究分别于1998年和2000-2001年开展基线调查,并在2007-2008年开展统一的健康状况随访。共纳入13739名研究对象进入最终分析,按照BMI将研究对象分成四组:低体重组(<18.5 kg/m²)、正常体重组(18.5~23.9 kg/m²)、超重组(24.0~27.9 kg/m²)和肥胖组(≥28.0 kg/m²)。计算四组人群年龄标化的高血压累积发病率;并以正常体重组为参照,使用广义线性回归模型计算其他三组高血压发病风险RR值及其95%CI。结果 本研究平均随访8.1年,确诊新发高血压4271例,其中男性2012例,女性2259例。低体重组、正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组的年龄标化高血压累积发病率分别为21.6%、30.6%、42.4%和50.8%,随着BMI的升高而升高(趋势P<0.001)。以正常体重组为参照调整协变量,男性低体重组、超重组和肥胖组的RR值(95%CI)分别为0.78(0.64~0.95)、1.22(1.13~1.30)和1.28(1.16~1.42);女性分别为0.89(0.77~1.03)、1.16(1.09~1.23)和1.28(1.18~1.38)。结论 我国超重和肥胖者的高血压发病风险明显升高,应加强对超重和肥胖人群的高血压防控。     

Optimal cut-offs of five anthropometric indices and their predictive ability of type 2 diabetes in a nationally representative Kenyan study

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the top non-communicable diseases in Kenya and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Intervening to reduce obesity is the most common prevention strategy. However, black populations develop T2D at lower obesity levels and it is unclear which anthropometric cut-offs could provide the best predictive ability for T2D risk. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the optimal anthropometric cut-offs and their predictive ability of T2D in Kenya.MethodsThe study included 2159 participants (59% women) aged 35–70 years from the Kenya STEPwise survey conducted in 2014. Five anthropometric indices were used—body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist divided by height^0.5(WHt.5R). Diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/l or a previous diagnosis by a health worker. Optimal anthropometric cut-offs and their receiver operating characteristics, such as the area under the curve (AUC), were computed.ResultsOverall, the optimal cut-off for BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR and WHt.5R were 24.8 kg.m⁻², 90 cm, 0.88, 0.54 and 6.9. On disaggregation by sex, the optimal cut-off for BMI, WC, WHR WHtR and WHt.5R was 27.1 kg.m⁻², 87 cm, 0.85, 0.55 and 6.9 in women, and 24.8 kg.m⁻², 91 cm, 0.88, 0.54 and 6.9 in men. Overall, WC (AUC 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65, 0.76)) WHtR (AUC 0.71 (0.66, 0.76)) and WHt.5R (AUC 0.70 (0.65,0.75)) had a better predictive ability for T2D than BMI (AUC 0.68 (0.62, 0.73)).ConclusionsWC, WHtR and WHt.5R were better predictors of T2D than BMI and should be used for risk stratification in Kenya. A WC cut-off of 87cm in women and 91cm in men, a WHtR cut-off of 0.54 or a WHt.5R of 6.9 in both men and women should be used to identify individuals at an elevated risk of T2D.     

Adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in renal transplant recipients: Are there differences between sexes?

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate high body adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors prevalence, in renal transplant recipients (RTR), comparing men with women.MethodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 102 patients (55 men) who were 49 ± 1.2 y and 114.3 ± 9 mo post-transplant (post-tx) were evaluated. Pretransplant (pre-tx) period data and weight gain during the first year post-tx were obtained from patient charts and post-tx data were collected during a routine visit at nephrology clinic. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² defined overweight and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² defined obesity.ResultsPre-tx overweight prevalence was low and similar between men and women (26%), whereas only women showed obesity (11%). Post-tx body weight increased significantly in the entire group, leading to an increase in overweight (to 38% in men and 51% in women) and obesity (to 11% in men and 23% in women) prevalence. Post-tx comparisons between men and women showed that women had higher (women versus men; P < 0.05) BMI values (26.7 ± 0.8 versus 24.7 ± 0.5 kg/m²), weight gain during first year post-tx (9.2 ± 1.1 versus 5.5 ± 1 kg), abdominal obesity (57% versus 23%) and diabetes (34% versus 16%) prevalence. The associations between adiposity and CVD risk factors showed that pre-tx overweight increased the risk for diabetes in post-tx; pos-tx high BMI and abdominal obesity increased the risk for metabolic syndrome; abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia in women.ConclusionsHigh body adiposity prevalence was high after transplantation and increased the risk for metabolic syndrome, an important CVD risk factor. Women showed higher total body adiposity values, abdominal obesity, and diabetes prevalence than men. Abdominal obesity increased the risk for dyslipidemia in women.     

Obesity, abdominal obesity, and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea

The aim of this study was first, to investigate the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and clustering of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and secondly, to identify the BMI or waist circumference (WC) level at which clustering increases in South Koreans. A population-based, cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey was carried out in 1998. A total of 8,816 subjects (4,029 men and 4,787 women) aged 15-79 y were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids. The prevalence of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 was 25.3% for men and 28.3% for women. The prevalence of WC >90 cm in men, and >80 cm in women was 18.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. Clustering of 3 or more CVD risk factors was 22.7% in men ad 21.7% in women. Using <21 kg/m2; as a referent, subjects with BMI of 23 kg/m2; and 27 kg/m2; had an odds ratio of 3.5 and 10.2 in men, and 3.1 and 6.7 in women, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Using <65 cm as a referent, subjects with a WC of > or = 90 cm in men and > or = 85 cm in women had an odds ratio of 13.4, and 13.6, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Considering the significant associations between clustering of CVD risk factors and BMI or WC, the present study suggests that high prevalence of overweight may have important implications for the health care system, even at a lower level of BMI or WC.     

The Impact of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference on Health-related Quality of Life Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Results from the PROFILES Registry

Background: We aimed to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Methods: CRC survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 completed questionnaires in August 2013 (with self-reported weight, height, and self-assessed WC) and January 2014 (with HRQL using the EORTC-QLQ-C30). Clinical characteristics were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. In multivariable linear regression analyses associations of BMI only, WC only and both BMI and WC with HRQL outcomes were assessed. Results: 1,111 CRC survivors were included of whom 34% had a normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²), 49% had overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m²), 17% had obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), and 44% had an increased WC (i.e., >102 and >88 cm for men and women, respectively). Both BMI and WC were separately associated with worse global health status, functioning, and more symptoms of fatigue. Increased WC was associated with lower physical, role and emotional functioning, regardless of BMI, with average differences ranging between 3 and 5 points. Conclusion: Future research on HRQL among CRC survivors should consider both BMI and WC. Furthermore, weight reduction trials should not only focus on general weight loss but also on the loss of abdominal fat.     

BMI is strongly associated with hypertension, and waist circumference is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, in northern Chinese adults

Background

Obesity is closely associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia. We analyzed the optimal obesity index cut-off values for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and identified the obesity index that is more closely associated with these chronic diseases, in a population of northern Chinese.

Methods

We surveyed 8940 adults (age, 20–74 years) living in northern China for chronic diseases. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, relative risk, and multivariate regression were used to develop an appropriate index and optimal cut-off values for MetS and obesity-related chronic diseases.

Results

Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were good markers for MetS, WC was a good marker for T2DM and dyslipidemia, and BMI was a good marker for hypertension. The optimal BMI cut-off value of MetS was 24 kg/m², and the optimal WC cut-offs were 86 cm and 78 cm in men and women, respectively. Relative risk regression models showed that BMI was associated with hypertension, T2DM, and hypertriglyceridemia and a higher prevalence ratio (PR) for hypertension: 2.35 (95% CI, 2.18–2.50). WC was associated with T2DM, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, with PRs of 2.05 (1.63–2.55) for T2DM and 2.47 (2.04–2.85) for hypertriglyceridemia. In multivariate regression models, the standardized regression coefficients (SRCs) of BMI were greater for SBP and DBP, and the SRC of WC was greater for fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postload blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol.

Conclusions

Our analysis of a population of northern Chinese indicates that the optimal cut-off values for MetS are WCs of 86 cm in men and 78 cm in women and a BMI of 24 kg/m² in both sexes. BMI was strongly associated with hypertension, while WC was strongly associated with T2DM and dyslipidemia.Key words: obesity, chronic disease, cut-off value     

Re-evaluation of WHO-defined BMI cutoff value for defining overweight and obesity in the Bengalee (Indian) population

Body mass index (BMI) is the most useful epidemiological measure of obesity. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that World Health Organization (WHO)-proposed BMI cutoff points for overweight and obesity cannot be readily applied to the Asian population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish appropriate cutoff points of BMI for defining overweight and obesity based on body fat percentage (BF%) of the Bengalee (Indian) population. The study was conducted on 654 subjects (18–60 years), of which 336 were men and 318 were women. The subjects were selected from different parts of the state of West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were obtained using standard techniques. The BMI and BF% were calculated using the standard equation. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to determine the appropriate cutoff points of BMI for overweight and obesity while taking BF% as the standard. Based on BMI, 12.50 % of men and 13.84 % of women were overweight and 1.79 % of men and 1.89 % of women were obese. On the basis of WHO gold standard, 18.75 % of men and 14.47 % of women were overweight and 9.82 % of men and 9.43 % of women were obese. ROC curve analysis showed a low sensitivity and high specificity of conventional cutoff points of BMI for identifying overweight and obesity. A lower cutoff value of BMI 21.87 kg/m² for overweight and BMI 24.33 kg/m² for obesity displayed good sensitivity and specificity, and an optimum area under the curve. We suggest a BMI of 21.87 and 24.33 kg/m² as the optimum cutoff points to define overweight and obesity, respectively, for the Bengalee population.     

Body mass index, life-style, and healthy status in free living elderly people in menorca island

Objectives

To assess the BMI, life-style, and healthy status, and explore relationships between these parameters, among Menorca??s free living elderly people.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey carried out in Menorca Island in 2009. A random sample (n=450) of the elderly population (??65 years) was interviewed. Anthropometric measurements and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-demographic and life-style factors and health status were used.

Results

Approximately five per cent of elders were underweight and 60% overweight or obese. Underweight were positively and overweight and obesity negatively affected by age. The prevalence of central obesity, according to the WC cut-off points, was 66.8% in men and 85.1% in women. Low education, socioeconomic status and physical activity were risk factors for malnutrition and overweight/obesity. A possible cognitive impairment was found among elderly persons with BMI<22 kg/m². A J-shaped association between BMI and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart failure and other CV diseases, a U-shaped relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and chronic bronchitis, and an inverted J-shape between BMI and gastric ulcer, osteoporosis &; bone fractures, cancer, and prostatitis (in men) were found.

Conclusions

Both low and high BMI are associated with a wide range of prevalent conditions and diseases in Menorca elderly men and women.     

Optimal Cut-Off Values of Anthropometric Markers to Predict Hypertension in North Indian Population

The aim of the study was to determine the cut-offs of anthropometric markers for detecting hypertension in an endogamous North Indian population. A cross-sectional study was carried out to collect data from 578 adult Aggarwal Baniya subjects (271 men and 307 women, mean age: 43.4 ± 5.3 and 38.7 ± 4.9 respectively) using multistage, stratified sampling method. Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, blood pressure were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of various anthropometric markers to predict hypertension. The likelihood ratios for having hypertension in subjects with various cut-off values were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the independent relationship between the anthropometric markers and odds of having hypertension. The BMI cut-off to predict hypertension was 22.8 kg/m² in men and 28.8 kg/m² in women. The optimal WC cut-offs varied from 91–92 cm in both men and women. The WHR cut-off was about 0.90 in men and 0.78 in women respectively, and the optimal WHtR cut-off was 0.56 in men and 0.43 in women. The cut-off levels for BMI, WC and WHtR corresponded to the inflexion points in the likelihood ratio graphs. The area under curve (AUC) and odds ratios showed that the risk of having hypertension was highest with respect to increased BMI and that BMI is the best predictor of having hypertension. The cut-off points for detecting cardiovascular risk factors among our population are lower than the criteria by the World Health Organization. Although these results may not be readily applied to the rest of the Indian populations due to the multiethnic composition, they point to the necessity of similar studies with large randomized samples to find the cut-off levels for chronic conditions in different populations.     

Generalised and abdominal adiposity are important risk factors for chronic disease in older people: Results from a nationally representative survey

Objectives  

To look at the trends in prevalence of generalised (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m²) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WC) >102cm, men; >88cm, women) among older people from 1993 to 2008, prevalence of chronic disease by overweight/obesity and WC categories in England 2005 and evaluate the association of these measures with chronic diseases.     

Neck circumference is a better correlate of insulin resistance markers than other standard anthropometric indices in patients presenting severe obesity

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated stronger associations between metabolic alterations and neck circumference (NC) than with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC). However, most of these studies were performed in individuals presenting overweight or mild obesity.ObjectiveTo determine which adiposity index among BMI, WC, NC and fat mass (FM) can best predict metabolic alterations in men and women presenting severe obesity.MethodsAnthropometric and plasma biochemical parameters were measured in 81 participants presenting severe obesity (19 men, 62 women; age: 44.5 ± 8.9 years; BMI: 43.5 ± 4.1 kg/m²). Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the best predictors of metabolic alterations among each adiposity index.ResultsNC was positively correlated with fasting insulin concentrations, C-peptide concentrations and HOMA-IR values and negatively correlated with HDL-C concentrations. NC was the best predictor of glucose homeostasis indices and HDL-C concentrations in models also including sex, BMI, WC, and FM. The ROC curve analysis indicated that a NC ≥ 37.8 cm best predicted type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsNC seems a better predictor of insulin resistance and lower HDL-C concentrations in patients presenting severe obesity compared to other standard anthropometric indices, and particularly in women. The small sample size in men prevent us to draw clear conclusions. NC could be useful in targeting patients with metabolic alterations who could benefit from medical or surgical treatment of obesity.