艰难梭菌感染诊断团体标准解读

艰难梭菌是引起抗生素相关性腹泻和医疗机构相关性腹泻的重要病原,在欧美引起暴发流行,造成沉重疾病负担。然而我国艰难梭菌感染调查缺乏统一的诊断原则和检测技术规范,我国艰难梭菌感染率和疾病负担尚不明确。因此中国CDC传染病预防控制所联合全国其他11家单位撰写《艰难梭菌感染诊断（T/CPMA 008-2020）》中华预防医学会...     

中国小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌病研究进展

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌病 (耶氏菌病 )是 80年代才受到重视的一种新的肠道传染病 ,世界各大洲均有发现 ,是欧洲某些国家腹泻的主要病种 ,不少地区耶氏菌引起的胃肠炎和严重腹泻 ,比痢疾还多。除肠道症状外 ,还能引起呼吸道、心血管系统、骨骼、结缔组织和全身疾病 ,出现败血症时病死率达 30 %以上。1981年我国才发现此病 ,引起全国重视 ,并开展了全国性调查和研究 ,分别从人群、动物和外环境分离出病原菌 ,证明耶氏菌病在我国的分布是非常广泛的一、人群流行概况我国耶氏菌病的流行形式多为散发 ,也发现有暴发流行。1.暴发流行 :我国目前已发…     

鼠疫耶尔森菌检测方法的研究进展

鼠疫（Plague）是由鼠疫耶尔森菌（Yersinia Pestis）引起的人畜共患的烈性传染病之一。自1894年耶尔森和北里2位学者成功分离和鉴定出鼠疫耶尔森菌以来，人们己成功地建立起常规的病原学和血清学检测方法。随着分子生物学技术的飞跃发展，鼠疫菌检测技术正发生着日新月异的变化。现就近年来鼠疫耶尔森氏菌检测的研究进展作一综述。     

鼠疫耶尔森菌检测技术研究进展

鼠疫(plague)是由鼠疫耶尔森菌(yersinia pestis)引起的自然疫源性疾病,其传染性强,传播速度快,病死率高,被列为甲类传染病之首[1].鼠疫在历史上曾有过3次大流行,罹难者数以亿计.为了防止鼠疫的大面积的流行,维护社会的生命和财产安全,对鼠疫的快速诊断提出了更高的要求.如今,新技术新手段的应用,为有效的控制鼠疫的传播和流行提供了保障.本文对鼠疫检测技术和方法进展进行综述.     

鼠疫耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌基因鉴别方法的建立及评价

目的 建立鼠疫耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌基因鉴别方法。方法 依据鼠疫菌、假结核菌特有的基因组序列["疫岛(PeI)"和"假岛(PsI)"], 与已公布的12株鼠疫菌和4株假结核菌全基因序列进行比对, 设计特异性的引物, 对鼠疫菌、假结核菌和其他肠道细菌进行鉴定。结果 用52株鼠疫菌、57株假结核菌和其他肠道菌株进行验证, 结果显示, 5对鼠疫菌的鉴定引物中, 2对(PeI2和PeI11)仅在52株鼠疫菌中扩出目的条带, 另3对引物(PeI1、PeI3和PeI12)除鼠疫菌外在部分假结核菌株中也扩出目的条带;5对假结核菌鉴定引物中, 1对引物(PsI1)在52株鼠疫菌和57株假结核菌株中扩出目的条带, 4对引物(PsI7、PsI16、PsI18和 PsI19)仅在57株假结核菌株中均扩出目的条带, 在鼠疫菌中未扩出目的条带。结论 用鼠疫菌和假结核菌共有的PsI1序列、鼠疫菌特有的PeI2和PeI11序列及假结核菌特有的PsI7、PsI16、PsI18和 PsI19序列组成的基因鉴别方法, 可以用于鼠疫菌和假结核菌的基因快速鉴别。     

生物传感器与鼠疫耶尔森菌检测

生物传感器由于具有轻巧和灵敏度高的特点，可能会在微生物检测中发挥重要作用。尽管目前由于微生物检测的商品化传感器还十分稀少，但是一个值得探讨的发展方向。鼠疫作为一种典型的人兽共患病广泛分布在全世界，其病原鼠疫耶尔森菌的检测因此显得尤为重要。本综述了光纤传感器、不寻址电位传感器和平面波导传感器在鼠疫耶尔森菌检测中的应用，介绍了各传感器原理与特点，并对灵敏度和特异性进行了讨论。     

鼠疫耶尔森菌显色培养基的筛选试验

目的 根据鼠疫菌对某些抑菌剂的抵抗力和酶底物显色的方法研制一种鼠疫菌显色培养基,并对其进行检测效果评价,方法 以耶尔森菌选择性培养基(CIN琼脂)为基础添加促进鼠疫菌生长的营养成分以及不同浓度抑菌剂,制备4种鼠疫菌显色培养基,通过单因素实验,筛选出最佳鼠疫菌显色培养基.结果 经单因素筛选出的1％胆盐显色培养基对常见致病...     

耶尔森氏菌病

耶尔森氏菌病虽然少见，但近年来发病率逐年升高。本文对其发病机理、临床表现作了详细阐述；对其诊断和治疗进展情况作了简介。     

Seroprevalence of Anti-Yersinia Antibodies in Healthy Austrians

Yersiniosis is caused by Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis mostly presenting as intestinal infection. The infection is usually acquired from contaminated food. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in Austrians. Sera of 750 healthy Austrians from all nine states were tested for anti-Yersinia IgG antibodies using the recomBlot Yersinia Westernblot kit. Overall seroprevalence was 29.7%. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age from 24.7% in the group of the 19 to 24 year olds to 38.5% in the group of persons older than 44 years. The seroprevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies varied within the states between 18% and 43.5%. The high seroprevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in contrast to only approximately 100 reported yersiniosis cases per year points to the fact that the majority of infections is either subclinical or mild.     

Field evaluation of urine antigen detection for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis

(Neuro)cysticercosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by infection with Taenia solium metacestode larvae. Existing immunodiagnostic techniques detect antibodies and circulating antigens (Ag) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Blood/CSF collection is an invasive procedure associated with blood-borne infections and is often not well accepted by communities. Detection of circulating Ag in urine has been suggested as an alternative, however this has been evaluated in clinical settings only. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a urine Ag-ELISA under field conditions. Paired serum and urine samples were obtained from participants in endemic areas of Ecuador (n = 748) and Zambia (n = 690) and were subjected to a monoclonal antibody-based Ag-ELISA. Calculation of positive and negative agreement indices (AI) showed better agreement in the negative direction both for Ecuadorian and Zambian samples (AI of 93.1 and 86.8, respectively). Using a Bayesian approach to determine the test characteristics, similar sensitivities were obtained for serum and urine Ag detection, whereas a decreased specificity was determined for the urine Ag-ELISA with a lower specificity (78.6%) for Zambian samples than for Ecuadorian samples (88.4%). This study indicates a higher specificity for the serum test under field conditions and promotes further research to improve the urine test.     

空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌检验方法团体标准解读

空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌是重要的食源性病原菌，是导致人类弯曲菌病的重要菌种。病原菌的培养、鉴定是食品污染以及人和动物感染诊断的“金标准”。中国CDC传染病预防控制所和国家食品安全风险评估中心等单位撰写了《空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌检验方法（T/CPMA 006－2019）》团体标准。标准以“科学性、规范性、适用性和可行性”为基本原则，提出从不同种类的标本、样品中空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的分离培养以及鉴定的方法，用于指导和规范我国不同种类的标本以及样本中两种弯曲菌的检测过程、检测步骤和鉴定方法，提高空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌的检测水平。     

劳动者癌症筛查服务规范团体标准解读

劳动者作为我国社会经济建设的中坚力量,其健康状况关系到国家生产力水平和社会发展形势。当前,恶性肿瘤已成为威胁劳动者健康的主要疾病之一,然而针对劳动者人群的系统化癌症筛查服务仍存在诸多短板。为规范劳动者癌症筛查服务,保障筛查服务质量,提高筛查整体效果,中国医学科学院北京协和医院等19家单位联合制定了《劳动者癌症筛查服务规范（T/CHAA 023-2023）》团体标准。该标准遵循合法性、科学性、先进性、可行性原则,结合癌症筛查的前沿科学进展,明确了劳动者癌症筛查的服务原则、服务设计、服务交付、服务管理、服务评价与改进等相关要求。本标准的实施有助于连接劳动者、用人单位和癌症筛查服务机构的共同筛查需求,规范筛查流程,提高筛查质量,从而提升癌症患者的早诊率与生存率,维护劳动者的健康权益,保障劳动力资源,促进社会全面协调可持续发展,助力实现“健康中国2030”战略方针。     

Attempt of Yersinia enterocolitica isolation from human feces in Senegal

One-hundred-eight stool samples, collected in a fishing village of Senegal from 72 apparently healthy subjects and from 36 patients with gastrointestinal disorders, were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. After 1, 2, 3 weeks of cold enrichment with PBS 1/15M, pH 7.6, plating was performed on MacConkey Agar after use of the alkali method. No Yersinia strains were isolated.     

《农村居民健康体检指南》团体标准解读

随着我国老龄化进程的加快,农村居民的健康问题以及健康体检等相关健康服务问题的需求应该引起全社会的关注。中国健康管理协会组织中国疾控中心等多家单位撰写的《农村居民健康体检指南》(T/CHAA 005-2019)团体标准,旨在建立以健康信息收集为手段,以健康风险评估、干预和信息服务为核心,以提高农村居民健康为目标的服务模式。     

Protection against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection conferred by a Lactococcus lactis mucosal delivery vector secreting LcrV

Herein, we sought to evaluate the potential of a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain secreting the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis low-calcium response V (LcrV) antigen for mucosal vaccination against Yersinia infections. We showed that the recombinant strain induced specific systemic and mucosal antibody and cellular immune responses after intranasal immunization and protected mice against both oral and systemic Y. pseudotuberculosis infections. This constitutes the first proof of principle for a novel anti-Yersinia mucosal vaccination strategy using recombinant lactic acid bacteria.     

Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in the Republic of Ireland: a survey of Irish microbiology laboratories

The Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC) established a group to produce national guidelines for Clostridium difficile in Ireland in 2006. A laboratory questionnaire was distributed to determine current C. difficile diagnostic practices. Twenty-nine out of 44 laboratories providing C. difficile diagnostic services to 34 hospitals responded. Twenty-five out of 29 (86%) laboratories processed specimens for C. difficile and four (13.8%) forwarded specimens to another laboratory. Sixteen laboratories (64%) processed specimens for other healthcare facilities. None routinely examined stool for C. difficile, seven (28%) examined specimens only when requested to do so and 18 (72%) used specific selection criteria, including testing all liquid stools (39%), all nosocomial diarrhoea (44%), specific clinical criteria (28%) and history of antibiotic therapy (22%). All tested stool directly for C. difficile toxin with a variety of enzyme immunoassays, with 24 (96%) detecting both toxin A and B and one detecting toxin A only. Three (12%) laboratories used cytotoxicity assays; none used polymerase chain reaction and six (24%) laboratories performed C. difficile culture but only under specific circumstances. Seven (28%) laboratories had isolates typed during outbreaks, but none had the facilities to do so on-site. The HPSC group will produce national recommendations for laboratory diagnosis, surveillance and management of C. difficile infection. Since there are marked differences in diagnostic practices throughout the country and no national reference laboratory, the implementation of these recommendations will have cost implications that will need to be addressed.     

Development of a new assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, using cercarial antigens

We have developed a new ELISA for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies using an extract from Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. We evaluated the new assay on serum samples sent to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical Parasitology, London, UK, by comparing it with our routinely used S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) assay. We also evaluated the new assay for cross-reactivity with a number of helminth and other infections. We demonstrate that the cercarial antigen assay is equivalent to the SEA assay for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in a non-endemic setting. The cercarial antigen preparation is more easily produced than SEA, and for this reason this assay may be preferred for routine clinical use and may be amenable to scaling up. Further assessment is needed before it can be recommended for use in an endemic area, as chronic disease and co-infection with other helminths are likely to be under-represented in our sample set.