山东省成人二手烟暴露及其对公共场所禁烟态度现状调查

目的了解山东省≥15岁成人二手烟暴露的水平、二手烟相关知识的知晓情况和对公共场所禁烟政策的支持情况,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法使用全球成人烟草监测标准问卷,采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法,在全省抽取6401名调查对象,用掌上电脑进行电子数据采集,对样本进行复杂加权后,使用复杂抽样模块对数据进行分析。结果过去7 d内,64.2%的成人居民报告暴露于二手烟。不同场所二手烟暴露率不同,由高到低排列依次是:酒吧/夜总会(80.8%)、餐馆(56.9%)、家中(41.1%)、大学(38.3%)、工作场所(37.6%)、中小学校(室内和室外,28.6%)、政府大楼(16.2%)、医疗机构(14.4%)、公共交通工具(13.5%)。超过70%的人知晓二手烟可以导致肺部疾病(包括成人肺癌及儿童肺部疾病),而仅有44.2%的人知晓二手烟可以导致成人心脏疾病。对室内公共场所和工作场所全面禁烟的支持率较高,支持医院全面禁烟的比例最高,达93.1%,支持酒吧/夜总会等娱乐场所全面禁烟的比例最低,为71.4%。结论山东省成人人群二手烟暴露现状依旧严峻,公众对公共场所禁烟政策支持率较高,应采取有针对性的措施,有效控制二手烟暴露。     

控烟条例实施1年对北京市15岁及以上人群二手烟暴露情况的影响

目的 监测北京市≥ 15岁人群在公共场所、工作场所、公共交通工具和家庭的二手烟暴露情况,评价《北京市控制吸烟条例》实施效果。方法 数据源于2014年和2016年北京市成人烟草调查。两次调查均覆盖北京市16个区。每次调查均采用多阶段整群概率抽样法,采用面对面询问调查方式,应用电子化问卷收集相关数据。2014年和2016年分别获得100个监测点的有效个人问卷8 484份和9 372份。采用SPSS 20.0软件和R 3.4.4软件对样本进行复杂抽样加权后,估计≥ 15岁人群在各类场所中的二手烟暴露率,并进行χ²检验。结果 北京市≥ 15岁人群在医疗机构、政府大楼、大学、中小学校（室内外）和餐馆的二手烟暴露率分别由2014年的12.8%、19.7%、24.3%、32.8%和65.7%下降到2016年的6.2%、10.8%、12.5%、19.1%和32.5%;酒吧/夜总会的二手烟暴露率分别为89.5%和80.3%;室内工作场所的二手烟暴露率从35.7%下降到20.0%;公共交通工具的二手烟暴露率由3.9%下降到2.5%;家庭二手烟暴露率分别为39.8%和37.6%。结论 《北京市控制吸烟条例》规定的禁止吸烟场所中二手烟暴露率明显下降,实施的效果已经显现。     

2019-2020年中国40岁及以上人群二手烟暴露状况分析

目的 了解中国≥40岁人群二手烟的暴露情况，为控烟及慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的防控提供科学依据。方法 调查对象来源于2014-2015年和2019-2020年中国居民COPD监测在31个省（自治区、直辖市）125个监测点的≥40岁常住居民。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取调查对象，以面对面询问方式完成了74 559人的问卷调查，共64 142人纳入分析。采用复杂抽样加权方法描述我国≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率、各类场所接触二手烟的比例以及与每天吸烟者共同生活的比例，分析二手烟暴露和接触的影响因素，并与2014-2015年中国居民COPD监测中的二手烟暴露率和各类场所接触二手烟的比例进行比较。结果 2019-2020年，我国≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率为46.4%（95%CI：44.1%~48.8%），女性（47.2%，95%CI：44.8%~49.7%）高于男性（44.8%，95%CI：42.0%~47.6%），且随年龄增长而下降；职业为办事人员的二手烟暴露率最高。≥40岁人群在家中、工作场所、餐厅和公共交通工具接触二手烟的比例分别为24.3%（95%CI：22.2%~26.4%）、23.3%（95%CI：21.1%~25.5%）、6.6%（95%CI：5.3%~7.9%）和2.2%（95%CI：1.6%~2.7%）；文化程度越高的人群在家中接触二手烟的比例越低。在14岁及以前、14岁至调查时与每天吸烟者共同生活的比例分别为56.4%和59.2%。与2014-2015年相比，2019-2020年≥40岁人群二手烟暴露率有所升高，但差异无统计学意义（P=0.356）；≥40岁人群在家中接触二手烟的比例下降，而在工作场所接触二手烟的比例上升，其中农林牧渔水利业人群在工作场所接触二手烟的比例上升幅度最大。多因素分析显示，性别、年龄、职业和文化程度影响二手烟暴露风险及在不同场所接触二手烟的比例。结论 我国≥40岁人群的二手烟暴露率仍较高，工作场所和农林牧渔水利业的职业人群二手烟暴露水平上升，需加强对已有禁烟条例和法规的执行监督，不断推动国家公共场所禁烟立法并特别关注女性、文化程度较低、农林牧渔水利业人群的禁烟及二手烟暴露防护。     

武汉市15岁及以上人群二手烟暴露现状分析

目的 了解武汉市15岁及以上成人二手烟暴露的水平、主要暴露场所,为制定相关的控烟措施提供有力依据。方法 采用全球成人烟草调查（GATS）统一的抽样方法和调查问卷, 在全市14个区的50个监测点抽取5 000个家庭户;采用入户调查形式进行电子数据采集,每户家庭随机抽取1名合格的调查对象。对数据加权后,采用SAS 9.3复杂调查设计分析程序进行数据分析。结果 全市最终完成调查样本(n = 4 311 )。在过去30 d内,非吸烟者中有43.1%在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟,32.3%的非吸烟者在家中暴露于二手烟,其中男性21.9%,女性37.9%。在过去30 d内到过不同公共场所的成人中,二手烟暴露由高到低依次为酒吧/夜总会（96.8%）、饭店（72.4%）、中小学校（37.7%）、政府大楼（36.9%）,大学（25.9%）、医疗机构 （24.3%）、公共交通工具（13.5%）。 结论 武汉市二手烟暴露现状严峻, 酒吧、餐馆、室内工作场所是二手烟暴露的主要场所,应积极推进公共场所和室内工作场所控烟立法。     

西安市成人烟草流行现状与室内公共场所禁烟态度分析

目的了解西安市城区成人烟草流行现状和室内公共场所禁烟态度,为控烟立法提供数据支持。方法参照全球成人烟草调查所设定的抽样原则及调查形式,采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样法,在全市城区抽取2400名市民以入户调查的形式进行电子数据采集。应用SAS 9. 2和SUDAAN 10. 0. 1软件的复杂调查数据分析程序处理数据。结果西安市城区成人现在吸烟率为20. 6%,男性现在吸烟率为40%,女性现在吸烟率为0.5%;西安市城区成人对不同室内公共场所禁烟的支持比例分别为:室内工作场所93.3%,餐馆80.4%,中小学校97.7%,医疗机构97. 5%,公共交通工具89. 9%。结论西安市城区成人现在吸烟率低于全国水平,公共场所二手烟暴露情况十分严峻,公众对室内公共场所禁烟支持率较高,西安市公共场所控烟立法条件日趋成熟。     

上海市公共场所员工二手烟暴露现况及其对健康的影响

目的 探讨上海市主要公共场所员工二手烟暴露现况及二手烟对其产生的健康效应.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对上海市7大类别公共场所的3 848名员工进行一对一问卷调查.结果 非法定禁烟场所员工的工作场所二手烟暴露率和平均每天二手烟暴露时间均高于法定禁烟场所员工,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001);法定禁烟场所中大型商场员工二手烟暴露率为64.0%;非法定禁烟公共场所员工平均发生疾病症状数(1.86种)高于法定禁烟公共场所的员工(1.56种),差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001);经Logistic回归分析,工作场所每天二手烟暴露时间是7种呼吸系统及黏膜刺激症状发生的危险因素(P＜0.05);法定禁烟场所和非法定禁烟公共场所分别有86.1%和63.3%员工支持其所在单位实施完全禁烟.结论 法定禁烟公共场所员工的二手烟暴露情况优于非法定禁烟公共场所,但法定禁烟场所禁烟状况仍不容乐观.二手烟能够引起呼吸系统健康效应.     

武汉市城区15岁及以上居民二手烟暴露现况

[目的]了解武汉市城区居民二手烟的暴露情况,为开展控烟工作和控烟立法提供科学依据。[方法]采用概率规模成比例抽样方法,抽取武汉市城区2 500位15岁及以上常住居民。共2 163位完成了面对面调查,应答率为86.52%。调查结果使用武汉市2010年全国人口第六次普查资料进行加权分析。[结果]分别有52.99%和40.07%的调查对象(n为942和2 135)报告最近30 d内有人在其室内工作场所和家中吸烟,男性在工作场所和家中的二手烟暴露率(61.26%和44.63%)均高于女性(43.38%和35.41%)(P0.05)。酒吧/夜总会(n=47)二手烟暴露率最高,为96.40%;其次是餐馆(n=1 376),为73.34%;公共交通工具(n=1 671)中二手烟暴露率最低,为12.19%。[结论]武汉市城区各类场所中居民二手烟暴露处于较高水平,尤其是酒吧/夜总会、餐馆等经营性场所吸烟行为非常普遍。     

成都市初中生吸烟和二手烟暴露现状研究

目的了解成都市初中生吸烟和二手烟暴露现状,探讨成都市初中生吸烟与二手烟暴露的关系,为制定有效的控烟策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,使用全球青少年烟草流行调查问卷(GYTS)对成都市9所中学共1 378名初中学生进行问卷调查。结果成都市目前初中学生现在吸烟率和尝试吸烟率分别为6.1%和17.2%。有87.2%的学生在家、室内公共场所、室外公共场所或乘坐公共交通工具曾暴露于二手烟。在公共交通工具和学校暴露于二手烟是初中学生尝试吸烟[OR(95%CI)=1.853(1.244~2.760)、OR(95%CI)=6.212(4.614~8.365)]和现在吸烟[OR(95%CI)=1.822(1.0489~3.167)、OR(95%CI)=30.950(14.497~66.073)]的共同危险因素。有81.3%的初中生认为二手烟"肯定"有危害。分别有67.3%和66.6%的初中生赞成在室内和室外公共场所禁烟。结论成都市初中生二手烟暴露问题严峻,应加强学校和公共场所禁烟力度,减少初中生二手烟暴露率。     

中国城市地区成年人二手烟暴露水平及相关知识和态度调查

目的 了解中国城市地区成年人二手烟暴露水平及其相关知识态度.方法 利用全球成人烟草调查中国调查(GATS)、国际烟草控制政策评估项目中国调查(ITC)中有关二手烟暴露、禁烟规定、二手烟相关知识态度的变量,使用SAS软件计算率及其95％CI.结果 2项调查中调查对象报告的工作场所室内全面禁烟的比例均低于40％.调查对象报告在餐厅看到吸烟现象比例在各类场所中最高(83.4％ ～ 95.6％),其次为工作场所(53.3％ ～ 84.0％),在医疗卫生机构、学校、公共交通工具看到吸烟现象的比例较低.GATS调查中60.6％的吸烟者和68.5％的非吸烟者知晓二手烟导致肺癌,但只有三分之一的调查对象知晓二手烟导致成年人心脏病.ITC调查对象对二手烟危害的知晓率高于GATS,但知晓二手烟导致成年人心脏病的比例仅有58.2％.ITC调查对象对学校、出租车、医院、政府机构全面禁烟的支持率较高(＞70％),但对工作场所全面禁烟的支持率仅有50.9％和60.9％.结论 中国城市地区室内工作场所全面禁烟的比例较低,二手烟暴露情况严重,公众对二手烟危害的认识以及对工作场所全面禁烟的支持率有待提高.     

居民对二手烟危害的认知及公共场所禁烟的态度调查

目的掌握居民对二手烟暴露危害的认知情况以及对室内公共场所禁烟的支持态度,为健康宣传工作的进一步开展及控烟政策的制定提供有力依据。方法调查对象为15岁及以上的常住人口,采用了两阶段整群抽样设计,共抽取了2,500户家庭,调查了2,233户,成功访谈了2,213人。结果有61.0%的居民认为吸入二手烟会导致成人心脏病,有83.8%的居民认为二手烟会导致成人肺部疾病,有75.4%的居民认为吸二手烟会导致儿童肺部疾病。居民对6类室内公共场所完全禁止吸烟的支持力度不同,对中小学校支持力度最大(98.5%),其他依次为医院(97.1%)、大学(95.8%)、工作场所(91.3%)和餐馆(76.2%),支持率最低的是酒吧/夜总会(57.5%)。结论控烟宣传信息应注意将二手烟所导致的危害具体化、详细化,使居民对烟草危害能够全面了解。同时,应将控烟宣传与控烟执法重点放在人员流动性大的餐饮娱乐场所,实现公共场所全面禁烟。     

College student reactions to smoking bans in public, on campus and at home

We examined college student reactions to a statewide public smoke-free policy, campus policies and private restrictions through an online survey among 2260 students at a 2-year college and a university and 12 focus groups among smokers. Among survey participants, 34.6% smoked in the past month (35.0% daily, 65.0% non-daily). Correlates of receptivity to public policies included attending the university, not living with smokers and non-smoker status (versus daily and non-daily smoking). Correlates of receptivity to outdoor campus policies included being a university student, unmarried, without children, from homes where parents banned indoor smoking and a non-smoker. Correlates of having home restrictions included not living with smokers, no children, parents banning indoor smoking and non-smoker status. Correlates of having car restrictions included attending the university, not living with smokers, having children, parents banning indoor smoking and non-smoker status. Qualitative findings indicated support for smoke-free policies in public (albeit greater support for those in restaurants versus bars) and on campus. Participants reported concern about smokers' and bar/restaurant owners' rights, while acknowledging several benefits. Overall, 2-year college students and smokers (non-daily and daily) were less supportive of smoke-free policies.     

Restaurant and bar owners' exposure to secondhand smoke and attitudes regarding smoking bans in five Chinese cities

Despite the great progress made towards smoke-free environments, only 9% of countries worldwide mandate smoke-free restaurants and bars. Smoking was generally not regulated in restaurants and bars in China before 2008. This study was designed to examine the public attitudes towards banning smoking in these places in China. A convenience sample of 814 restaurants and bars was selected in five Chinese cities and all owners of these venues were interviewed in person by questionnaire in 2007. Eighty six percent of current nonsmoking subjects had at least one-day exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at work in the past week. Only 51% of subjects knew SHS could cause heart disease. Only 17% and 11% of subjects supported prohibiting smoking completely in restaurants and in bars, respectively, while their support for restricting smoking to designated areas was much higher. Fifty three percent of subjects were willing to prohibit or restrict smoking in their own venues. Of those unwilling to do so, 82% thought smoking bans would reduce revenue, and 63% thought indoor air quality depended on ventilation rather than smoking bans. These results showed that there was support for smoking bans among restaurant or bar owners in China despite some knowledge gaps. To facilitate smoking bans in restaurants and bars, it is important to promote health education on specific hazards of SHS, provide country-specific evidence on smoking bans and hospitality revenues, and disseminate information that restricting smoking and ventilation alone cannot eliminate SHS hazards.     

《广州市控制吸烟条例》执行情况调查

目的了解《广州市控制吸烟条例》(以下称《条例》)实施半年后对居民健康行为的影响及各类场所执行情况。方法电话回访1200户居民,了解《条例》对居民健康行为的影响,通过分层抽样方法抽取10类工作场所及公共场所,对禁烟标识张贴、吸烟行为及吸烟痕迹等情况进行现场观察,并使用AM510便携式防爆智能数字粉尘仪进行30 min PM2.5的浓度测试。结果共调查1023名居民,对《条例》的知晓率为83.48%;43.70%的调查对象认为《条例》实施之后广州市公共场所的吸烟现象有所减少,吸烟者中主动减少吸烟量或尝试戒烟等有控烟意识烟民的比例则由43.23%上升为58.33%(χ2=10.69,P=0.001);仅有3.49%的观察点没有张贴禁烟标识,吸烟人数最多的是在食宿场所(61人);全市各类场所的PM2.5浓度中位数为54.00μg/m3,其中交通场所、健身场所和食宿场所高于无吸烟或烟头较少的其他场所(F=2.60,P=0.008)。结论《条例》对广州市控烟工作起到了一定的促进作用,居民控烟意识逐渐增强,社会支持环境逐步形成,但餐饮场所《条例》执行情况仍不理想,需要进一步对场所经营者及管理者开展宣传教育。     

Compliance with smoke-free legislation within public buildings: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

Objective

To investigate public compliance with legislation to prohibit smoking within public buildings and the extent of tobacco smoking in outdoor areas in Turkey.

Methods

Using a standardized observation protocol, we determined whether smoking occurred and whether ashtrays, cigarette butts and/or no-smoking signs were present in a random selection of 884 public venues in 12 cities in Turkey. We visited indoor and outdoor locations in bars/nightclubs, cafes, government buildings, hospitals, restaurants, schools, shopping malls, traditional coffee houses and universities. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between the presence of ashtrays or the absence of no-smoking signs and the presence of individuals smoking or cigarette butts.

Findings

Most venues had no-smoking signs (629/884). We observed at least one person smoking in 145 venues, most frequently observed in bars/nightclubs (63/79), hospital dining areas (18/79), traditional coffee houses (27/120) and government-building dining areas (5/23). For 538 venues, we observed outdoor smoking close to public buildings. The presence of ashtrays was positively associated with indoor smoking and cigarette butts, adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 315.9; 95% confidence interval, CI: 174.9–570.8 and aOR: 165.4; 95% CI: 98.0–279.1, respectively. No-smoking signs were negatively associated with the presence of cigarette butts, aOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.8.

Conclusion

Additional efforts are needed to improve the implementation of legislation prohibiting smoking in indoor public areas in Turkey, especially in areas in which we frequently observed people smoking. Possible interventions include removing all ashtrays from public places and increasing the number of no-smoking signs.     

上海市南京路步行街游客对公共场所禁烟措施态度调查

目的了解上海市南京路步行街游客对公共场所禁烟的认知与态度，为制定相关禁烟法规提供依据。方法采用拦截式抽样调查的方法，对南京路步行街600名游客进行问卷调查。结果男性游客吸烟率为85．5％，女性游客吸烟率为14．5％；34．5％的游客能够认识到被动吸烟对健康会产生重度危害；50．2％的非吸烟者认识到吸烟对健康有重度危害，高于吸烟者（17．6％）；更愿意到无烟餐厅就餐的游客为35．8％，更愿意到设置吸烟区的餐厅就餐的游客为46．5％；对南京路所有公共场所完全禁烟持赞成态度的游客为52．9％，如南京路实施公共场所完全禁烟，表示会增加外出消费意愿的游客为28．7％，表示更不愿意来的游客为6．7％；年长、不吸烟者更加支持公共场所完全禁烟，对被动吸烟危害认识程度不足者其支持度较低。结论公共场所采取禁烟措施符合大多数民众意愿，创建并实施南京路步行街为无烟商业街基本可行。     

Reduced secondhand smoke exposure after implementation of a comprehensive statewide smoking ban--New York, June 26, 2003-June 30, 2004

dSecondhand smoke (SHS) causes premature disease and death in nonsmokers, including heart disease and lung cancer. The Surgeon General has concluded that no risk-free level of SHS exposure exists; the only way to fully protect nonsmokers is to completely eliminate smoking in indoor spaces. Studies have determined that levels of airborne particulate matter in restaurants, bars, and other hospitality venues and levels of SHS exposure among nonsmoking hospitality employees decrease substantially and rapidly after implementation of laws that prohibit smoking in indoor workplaces and public places. To assess changes in indoor SHS exposure in a general population, the New York State Department of Health analyzed data on observations of indoor smoking by respondents to the New York Adult Tobacco Survey (NYATS) and measured levels of cotinine in saliva among nonsmoking NYATS respondents before and after implementation of the 2003 New York state ban on smoking in indoor workplaces and public places. This report describes the results of that analysis, which determined that reports of indoor smoking among restaurant and bar patrons decreased significantly after the law took effect; moreover, saliva cotinine levels in nonsmoking NYATS participants decreased by 47.4% over the same period. These findings suggest that comprehensive smoking bans can reduce SHS exposure among nonsmokers.     

中国五城市餐饮业顾客对被动吸烟的认知和态度

目的 了解中国城市餐饮业顾客对被动吸烟的认知、态度.方法 2007年7-10月采用方便抽样的方法,对北京、西安、武汉、昆明、贵阳5个城市405家不同类型餐馆/酒吧的2109名顾客进行问卷调查.结果 43.1%的顾客对烟草危害有较全面的认识;近60%的顾客表示不曾主动反对他人在面前吸烟,近三分之一的顾客曾因接触"二手烟"感到不适而选择中途离开;支持餐馆/酒吧全部禁烟的比例分别为30.0%和19.8%;二项logistic回归模型分析表明,北京市顾客、≥25岁年龄组、大专及以上学历和非吸烟者更倾向于支持餐馆/酒吧禁烟;而北京市顾客、女性、大专及以上学历和非吸烟者更愿意去有禁烟规定的餐馆/酒吧消费.结论 尽管5个城市餐饮业顾客对烟草烟雾的认知还有待提高,但餐馆/酒吧禁烟符合广大顾客的意愿,是公共场所控烟的趋势之一.     

Total prohibition of smoking but not partial restriction effectively reduced exposure to tobacco smoke among restaurant workers in Finland

Objectives

To assess work-related exposure to tobacco smoke in Finnish restaurants, a series of nationwide questionnaire surveys were conducted among restaurant workers and the levels of indoor air nicotine concentrations were measured in restaurants. The survey aimed to evaluate the impact of the smoke-free legislation in general and in particular after the total smoking ban launched in 2007.

Materials and Methods

In 2003–2010, four national questionnaire surveys were conducted among restaurant workers and the concentration of nicotine in indoor air was measured in different types of restaurants, bars and nightclubs.

Results

Between 2003 and 2010, the proportion of restaurant workers reporting occupational exposure to tobacco smoke dropped from 59% to 11%. Among pub workers, the decrease was from 97% to 18% and in workers of dining restaurants from 49% to 10%, respectively. The median concentration of nicotine in indoor air of all restaurants decreased from 11.7 μg/m³ to 0.1 μg/m³. The most significant decrease was detected in pubs where the decrease was from 16.1 μg/m³ to 0.1 μg/m³. Among all restaurant workers, in 2003–2010 the prevalence of daily smokers was reduced from 39% to 31% in men and from 35% to 25% in women.

Conclusion

Total prohibition of smoking but not partial restriction in restaurants was effective in reducing work-related exposure to tobacco smoke. Strict tobacco legislation may partly be associated with the significant decrease of daily smoking prevalence among restaurant workers.     

Indoor Environmental Differences between Inner City and Suburban Homes of Children with Asthma

We conducted this study to compare environmental exposures in suburban homes of children with asthma to exposures in inner city homes of children with asthma, to better understand important differences of indoor pollutant exposure that might contribute to increased asthma morbidity in the inner city. Indoor PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, O₃, and airborne and dust allergen levels were measured in the homes of 120 children with asthma, 100 living in inner city Baltimore and 20 living in the surrounding counties. Home conditions and health outcome measures were also compared. The inner city and suburban homes differed in ways that might affect airborne environmental exposures. The inner city homes had more cigarette smoking (67% vs. 5%, p < .001), signs of disrepair (77% vs. 5%, p < .001), and cockroach (64% vs. 0%, p < .001) and mouse (80% vs. 5%, p < .001) infestation. The inner city homes had higher geometric mean (GM) levels (p < .001) of PM₁₀ (47 vs. 18 μg/m³), PM_2.5 (34 vs. 8.7 μg/m³), NO₂ [19 ppb vs. below detection (BD)], and O₃ (1.9 vs. .015 ppb) than suburban homes. The inner city homes had lower GM bedroom dust allergen levels of dust mite (.29 vs. 1.2 μg/g, p = .022), dog (.38 vs. 5.5 μg/g, p < .001) and cat (.75 vs. 2.4 μg/g, p = .039), but higher levels of mouse (3.2 vs. .013 μg/g, p < .001) and cockroach (4.5 vs. .42 U/g, p < .001). The inner city homes also had higher GM airborne mouse allergen levels (.055 vs. .016 ng/m³, p = .002). Compared with the homes of suburban children with asthma, the homes of inner city Baltimore children with asthma had higher levels of airborne pollutants and home characteristics that predispose to greater asthma morbidity. Simons, Curtin-Brosnan, and Eggleston are with the The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Buckley and Breysse are with the The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Simons is with the Divisions of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.