周家桥社区慢性疾病流行病学调查

目的调查本社区15岁及以上常住居民慢性非传染性疾病（NCDs）患病率，为制订防制策略提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法进行问卷访谈并辅以临床检查。结果本社区居民慢性病患病率依次为：高血压（20．26％）、心脏病（6．95％）、糖尿病（4．74％）、脑血管意外（2．72％）、肿瘤（2．37％）。上述疾病的主要危险因素是不均衡的膳食习惯、缺乏体力活动、吸烟、饮酒，分别为66．92％、75．17％、21．75％、8．71％。结论本社区居民慢性病患病率以心、脑血管疾病高发为主，是影响老年人健康的主要疾病；不健康的饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、吸烟、饮酒是主要危险因素。     

烟台市社区居民高血压前期的流行病学调查

目的了解社区居民高血压前期流行现况,探索社区综合控制心血管疾病危险因素的对策。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在严格的质量控制下,从烟台市芝罘区8个社区居委会抽取320个样本居民户,按照KISH表法,每户随机抽取1名调查对象。采用SPSS16．0统计分析。结果高血压前期患病率为48．44％,其中男性为51．85％,女性为45．95％,标化率分别为51．51％、51．57％和52．67％。男女比较,差别无统计学意义（P=0．296）;不同职业的患病率比较亦无统计学意义（P=0．191）;但不同年龄组的患病率比较有统计学意义（P=0．026）;离退休人员患病人数最多,其构成比为36．77％;30～45岁人群高血压前期患病率最高,并呈15岁升高至50岁开始下降的变化趋势。结论烟台市社区居民高血压前期患病率比较高,30-45岁为重点防治人群,该人群罹患高血压及心血管疾病风险亦比较高。     

清原县农村居民精神障碍流行病学调查

目的 了解清原县农村居民精神障碍患病率及其分布特点.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI1.0)对清原县2 598名18～65岁农村居民进行入户调查,采用DSM-Ⅲ-R标准对情感障碍、焦虑障碍及酒精使用障碍做出诊断.结果 调查的应答率为94.16%.精神障碍的2周、12个月和终生患病率分别为4.97%,7.51%和9.39%,标化率分别为4.39%,6.61%和8.27%.情感障碍、焦虑障碍和酒精使用障碍的终生患病率分别为2.81%,5.27%和3.16%.女性的情感障碍(4.60%)和焦虑障碍(8.96%)患病率高于男性,酒精使用障碍(0.08%)显著低于男性.患病率随年龄增加而增高,55岁后略下降.文化程度低者情感障碍和焦虑障碍患病率高.离婚或丧偶者情感障碍患病率(11.11%)较高.18.03%和0.82%的患者一生中曾患有二类或三类疾病.结论 清原县精神障碍患病率较高.45～岁组、文化程度低者、离婚或丧偶者患病率高.     

隧成社区≥55岁居民糖尿病流行病学调查

目的为掌握本社区人群糖尿病的流行病学状况，以便进一步开展社区综合防治工作。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对浦东新区陆家嘴社区隧成居委836名≥55岁户籍居民开展问卷调查并进行空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白测定。结果本组调查对象中，有家族遗传史、大量饮酒、吸烟、肥胖、高血压病和三酰甘油升高者的糖尿病患病率高于无相关因素人群，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。221例糖尿病患者的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为89．59％、55．2％和9．95％。结论 社区居民对糖尿病知识的了解不够全面，要加强对糖尿病患者的健康教育和随访，提高患者和家属的遵医行为和对药物治疗的依从性。     

深圳市居民血脂异常流行病学调查

目的 了解广东省深圳市15 ～ 69岁居民血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的流行水平及分布特征,为心血管疾病预防提供依据.方法 按照分层随机抽样原则随机抽取深圳市73个社区,共8 751名15 ～69岁居民进行入户调查、体格检查和血脂测定.结果 深圳市15 ～69岁居民TC、TG、HDL-C水平分别为4.86,1.57和1.23 mmol/L;TC和TG水平男性高于女性(P＜0.05),随着年龄的增加而上升(P＜0.05);血脂异常患者3 568例,标化患病率38.08％,其中高TC、高TG和低HDL-C患者1 621,2 461和920例,标化患病率分别为17.22％,25.72％和10.65％,深圳市居民血脂异常类型主要为高TG型;血脂异常患病率男性高于女性(P＜0.05),高TC和高TG患病率均随着年龄的增长有上升趋势(P＜0.05),并具有阶段性特点;心血管病危险因素在血脂异常患者中有聚集现象.结论 深圳市居民血脂异常患病率高,控制人群血脂水平,可降低心血管疾病的发生.     

某幼儿园手足口病危险因素流行病学调查

目的了解某幼儿园2010年3月-7月手足口病发生情况,查找发病危险因素,并提出有效防治措施。方法将临床诊断的18名手足口病患儿作为病例组,选择本园与患儿年龄、身体状况及其它基本条件相似的36名未患病儿童作为对照组。通过询问查找可能导致发病的危险因素。结果 18例手足口病患儿中,男11例、女7例;年龄3-6岁,分布于四个年级。儿童饭前、便后不洗手、去人群密集场所等均为致病危险因素。结论做好儿童个人卫生,同时加强托幼机构卫生防疫及家庭卫生是预防控制手足口病的关键。     

流行病学调查方法的探讨

流行病学调查或称观察性研究，指不对研究对象的暴露情况加以任何限制，通过调查分析，进行的流行病学研究。它包括描述流行病学和分析流行病学，是流行病学工作者最重要、最经常的工作。然而，到目前为止对流行病学调查方法的分类及定义仍无统一意见，某些方面存在一定问题，     

潍坊市医护人员职业损伤流行病学调查及相关因素分析

为了解医护人员职业损伤的现状、特点及分布规律 ,为制定有效的防护措施提供依据 ,对潍坊市33所医院的 916 8名职工进行问卷调查 ,现将结果报告如下。对象与方法(一 )调查对象 :以潍坊市 33所医院的 80 6 3名医护人员为调查组 ,以生活条件相似、不直接接触临床的行政管理人员 110 5名作为对照组。两组年龄、工龄及性别匹配。(二 )调查方法 :采用整群抽样、回顾性研究方法 ,对两组人员在 2 0 0 0年 3月 1日～ 2 0 0 1年 2月 2 8日期间发生的职业损伤情况进行调查。调查内容主要包括一般情况、损伤情况及相关因素等。(三 )判断标准 :职业损伤…     

临沂市百岁老人长寿因素的流行病学调查

为探讨百岁老人体质状况及影响因素，寻求健康老化途径，对临沂市33名百岁老人进行了流行病学调查。     

承德市翼状胬肉患病率的流行病学调查

目的 调查承德市翼状胬肉的患病率,并探讨其与区域、年龄、性别、经济水平的相关性.方法 抽取承德市16 357例受检对象进行眼部检查,统计翼状胬肉患病率.结果 16 357例人群中得翼状胬肉人数974例,患病率6.0％.其中城市翼状胬肉患病率低于农村,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).城市地区不同年龄段翼状胬肉患病率均低于农村,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).农村地区随着年龄的增长,翼状胬肉患病率也随之增高.病程5年以下城市翼状胬肉患病率和农村比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病程5年以上城市翼状胬肉患病率和农村比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 承德市农村地区翼状胬肉患病率高于城市.农村人群翼状胬肉随着年龄的增长,其患病率增高.经济发达地区翼状胬肉患病病程短,经济落后地区翼状胬肉患病病程长.     

Factors affecting continuation rates of DMPA

A prospective study was conducted with 430 new depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) acceptors to estimate continuation rates and investigate factors associated with length of use. Data were collected on services received and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Women were enrolled over the course of 1 year and were followed for up to 13 months. Failure to return to the same clinic within 104 days of the last injection was the outcome of interest. The 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month continuation rates were 68%, 67%, 55%, and 51%, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, women who were told to return to the clinic for side effects were more likely to continue using DMPA than those who were not given such advice (p <0.05). Likewise, women who received information on DMPA efficacy, side effects, and amenorrhea were more likely to continue using DMPA compared to those who did not receive such information (p <0.05). A proportional hazards regression model was constructed to estimate the simultaneous effect of various factors on length of use. In results consistent with the bivariate analysis, women who were told to return to the clinic were 2.7 times more likely to continue using DMPA compared to women who did not receive that advice. Likewise, women who were told about the possibility of amenorrhea were 2.5 times more likely to continue using DMPA compared to those who did not receive that information. The regression model also identified new factors such as number of children, attitude toward menstruation, lactating at admission, and spousal input on method choice. The findings suggest that providers play an important role in ensuring the highest possible continuation rates for DMPA.     

Effect of sampling frames on response rates in the WHO MONICA risk factor surveys

Sample surveys are used to investigate occurrence and determinants of diseases in populations. Their reliability is influenced by quality of sampling frame and response rate. We investigated relationship between sampling frame type and response rates and assessed their impact on non-response bias, using data from the WHO MONICA Project, where 37 centres in 20 countries conducted sample surveys, employing the best locally available sampling frame. Sampling frames fell into three categories: Population registers (PR), electoral registers (ER), and health care registers (HR). Response rate (rrs) was factored into components reflecting quality of sampling frame (contact rate cr) and characterizing willingness of sample members to participate (enrolment rate er). The mean quality score for the sampling frames was 92 for PR, 87 for HR and 85 for ER; they contributed on average 23, 20, and 26 to the respective non-response rates. For all frame types and both sexes the lowest quality score occurred in the age group 35–44, suggesting a reduced ability to track migration of a highly mobile population group. The patterns in the age/sex distribution of er indicate at least for males in PR and females in HR a potential for non-response bias. Estimation of non-response bias through an abbreviated questionnaire failed because of low item response. We found that contact rate characterizes sampling frame quality. For all frame types it had a major influence on response rate. It is likely that low er and low cr cause different kind of bias, requiring different measures to minimize their effects.for the WHO MONICA Project** Sites and key personnel of the WHO MONICA Project are found at http://www.ktl.fi/publications/monica/rr_sframe/appendix.htm     

Family practice obstetrics in Michigan. Factors affecting physician participation

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of family physicians in Michigan who practice obstetrics and to identify important factors relating to a decision to discontinue obstetric practice. Questionnaires were mailed to all members of the Michigan Academy of Family Physicians (MAFP) who were listed as currently practicing obstetrics. Two hundred ninety-one questionnaires from the 357 mailed questionnaires were returned for a response rate of 81.5 percent. Two hundred thirty-five of the 291 respondents (80.8 percent) were practicing obstetrics in 1986. Twenty-two of the 235 physicians (9.4 percent) planned on discontinuing obstetric practice by early 1987. Reasons for discontinuing obstetrics included malpractice liability risk and cost and interference with lifestyle. Physicians who had recently discontinued or were planning to discontinue obstetric practice were significantly less likely than physicians practicing obstetrics to have a residency program affiliation (33 percent vs 58 percent). While malpractice concerns were found to be an important factor in deciding to discontinue the practice of obstetrics, practice arrangements and educational affiliations were other important factors that may be more amenable to change through educational or administrative interventions.     

Factors affecting the extrusion rates of ventilation tubes.

A survey in which 939 ventilation tubes of 8 different patterns were inserted and reviewed (up to a maximum of 2 1/4 years) is analysed. Various factors determining the rate of extrusion are discussed. The Sheehy Collar Button tube remained functional for a longer period than any of the other tubes included in the survey.     

中国大陆第三例输入性寨卡病毒病病例调查分析

目的 对中国大陆第三例输入性寨卡病毒病病例进行调查分析,为防控寨卡病毒病提供工作经验和参考依据。方法 对中国大陆第三例输入性寨卡病毒病病例的临床表现、实验室检测、诊疗和流行病学调查进行描述性分析。结果 2016年2月19日,经中国CDC有关专家复核和专家会诊,我国义乌市确诊1例从斐济、萨摩亚旅游归来的输入性寨卡病毒病病例,病例曾在萨摩亚有蚊虫叮咬史。病例2月14日发病,15日出疹,16日出现结膜炎,16日收住入院,17日体温正常,19日皮疹消失,20日结膜炎消失。血液中寨卡病毒核酸检测阳性持续仅3 d,血液核酸检测阴性4 d后尿液仍可检测到核酸阳性。结论 该病例寨卡病毒病症状典型,早期可采集病例血液进行寨卡病毒核酸检测,体温正常后应采集尿液进行寨卡病毒核酸检测。     

中国大陆首例输入性寨卡病毒病病例调查分析

目的 分析2016年2月9日中国大陆首例确诊寨卡病毒病病例的流行病学特征,为防控寨卡病毒病提供参考依据。方法 对中国大陆首例确诊寨卡病毒病病例进行流行病学调查并临床观察病例同行者与接触者。采集病例血清、尿液等标本,应用荧光定量RT-PCR进行核酸检测。结果 该病例确诊为寨卡病毒病,于第18病日解除隔离、痊愈出院。病例第10病日血清标本和第11~13病日尿液标本检测均为寨卡病毒核酸阳性。该病例系江西省赣县籍外派工作回国人员,发病前在寨卡病毒流行地区有蚊虫叮咬史,同行者与接触者医学观察期内均未出现寨卡病毒病症状。结论 该病例为中国大陆首例寨卡病毒感染确诊病例,系境外输入性病例,感染来源与在寨卡疫源地委内瑞拉蚊虫叮咬有关。     

湛江市首例HIV感染者的流行病学调查

1993年11月8日在湛江市民中首次检出HIV感染者一例。流行病学调查表明，该例HIV感染者的感染来源于国外，其感染途径很可能与性接触有关。建议在国境口岸进一步加强对来自非洲的入境者和出国劳务．经商的归国人员实施AIDS监测．