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1.
目的 分析全国2010年新报告HIV感染者/AIDS病例(HIV/AIDS)生存时间及影响因素。方法 使用艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统截至2015年12月31日的病例报告历史卡片和随访定时数据库,筛选出2010年新报告HIV/AIDS并整理出随访结局数据,以寿命表法计算其生存率,采用Kaplan-Meier法拟合不同状态下的生存曲线,Cox比例风险模型分析HIV/AIDS生存时间的影响因素。结果 40 335例HIV/AIDS中,11 975例因艾滋病及相关疾病死亡;截至观察终点时,中位生存时间为63.1(95%CI:63.0~63.2)个月,1年和5年生存率分别为81.2%和69.9%;多因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,艾滋病死亡的风险随年龄增加而增加,25~34、35~44、45~54和≥55岁组因艾滋病死亡的风险分别是15~24岁组的1.41倍(95%CI:1.29~1.54)、1.90倍(95%CI:1.74~2.07)、2.24倍(95%CI:2.04~2.46)和2.81倍(95%CI:2.57~3.08);HIV/AIDS首次检测CD4T淋巴细胞(CD4)值≥500个/μl是CD4值<200个/μl 的0.12倍(95%CI:0.11~0.13);接受抗病毒治疗者是未接受治疗者的0.11倍(95%CI:0.10~0.12)。结论 确诊时年龄、确诊时CD4值水平、是否接受抗病毒治疗是HIV/AIDS生存时间的主要影响因素,应及早进行艾滋病检测、接受抗病毒治疗,以延长HIV/AIDS生存时间。  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解1997-2018年甘肃省HIV/AIDS生存时间与影响因素。方法 利用国家艾滋病防治基本信息系统1997-2018年甘肃省疫情资料,采用回顾性队列研究方法,用寿命表法计算生存率,用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并计算平均生存时间,用Cox比例风险回归模型分析HIV/AIDS的艾滋病相关死亡的影响因素。结果 6 813例HIV/AIDS中,715例(10.5%)死于艾滋病相关疾病,平均生存时间为195.9(95%CI:189.7~202.2)个月,12、60、120和180个月的累积生存率分别为91.5%、86.1%、79.9%和73.8%。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,在艾滋病相关死亡风险方面,诊断时的年龄≥ 51岁组是≤ 25岁组的1.906倍(95%CI:1.353~2.685);其他传播途径病例是同性性传播病例的1.593倍(95%CI:1.226~2.069);通过入院就诊、受血/血制品及术前检测发现的病例是通过出入境、婚/孕前检测及新兵体检发现病例的5.113倍(95%CI:2.083~12.547);诊断时病程阶段为艾滋病的病例是HIV感染病例的4.012倍(95%CI:3.401~4.732);未检测CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)的病例是首次CD4值≥ 350个/μl病例的5.446倍(95%CI:3.835~7.732);未接受抗病毒治疗的病例是已接受抗病毒治疗病例的12.019倍(95%CI:9.861~14.648)。结论 1997-2018年甘肃省HIV/AIDS平均生存时间超过16年。诊断时年龄≥ 51岁、通过入院就诊、受血/血制品及术前检测发现、诊断时病程阶段为艾滋病、未检测CD4、未接受抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS死亡风险更高。应早发现、早诊断、早治疗,提高CD4检测率及治疗率,延长HIV/AIDS的生存时间。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨HIV感染者开始抗病毒治疗(ART)时基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)不同水平对治疗脱失的影响。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,从艾滋病防治基本信息系统ART库选取2008-2015年广西壮族自治区(广西)首次开始ART、年龄≥18岁的HIV感染者,分析其ART脱失情况,随访时间截至2016年5月30日。采用Cox比例风险模型分析ART时基线CD4不同水平对ART脱失的影响。结果 共计58 502例HIV感染者进入队列,平均脱失比例为4.8/100人年。在控制了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、感染途径、ART前WHO临床分期、初始治疗方案、目前治疗方案、治疗方案改变、ART开始年份等因素后,基线CD4为200~、351~、≥500个/μl组HIV感染者的脱失风险分别是<200个/μl组的1.110(95% CI:1.053~1.171,P<0.001)、1.391(95% CI:1.278~1.514,P<0.001)、1.695(95% CI:1.497~1.918,P<0.001)倍。HIV感染者因为依从性差而停药的比例为56.0%(1 601/2 861)。结论 随着HIV感染者接受ART时CD4水平提高,ART脱失风险明显增加。为减少ART脱失,应充分考虑开始ART时CD4水平,加强依从性宣传教育和治疗机构人员培训。  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析2006-2019年台州市HIV/AIDS立即抗病毒治疗(ART)的影响因素,探讨不同ART策略与免疫学效果随时间变化的关联。方法 采用回顾性队列研究和logistic回归模型分析立即ART影响因素,采用t检验和χ2检验比较不同ART策略的免疫学效果差异,采用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法绘制生存曲线。结果 2006-2019年台州市2 971例HIV/AIDS中,立即ART组1 786例(占60.1%),其中2016-2019年立即ART的比例为77.8%(1 170/1 504)。2006-2019年立即ART组的成功率(87.4%,1 561/1 786)高于延迟ART组(84.4%,1 000/1 185)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS立即ART的影响因素中,男性(aOR=1.28,95% CI:1.03~1.59)、已婚(aOR=1.71,95% CI:1.33~2.19)、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)计数≤200个/μl(aOR=1.60,95% CI:1.27~2.02)与立即ART呈正相关;31~40岁(aOR=0.63,95% CI:0.48~0.84)、感染途径为异性性传播(aOR=0.60,95% CI:0.49~0.74)、确证时间为2015年及以前(aOR=0.20,95% CI:0.17~0.23)与立即ART呈负相关。立即ART组各年份CD4/CD8比值的增幅和ART累积成功率均大于延迟ART组(P<0.05)。结论 2006-2019年台州市HIV/AIDS立即ART策略落实较好,立即ART比例超过60.0%,立即ART组的ART免疫学效果较好。针对HIV/AIDS中31~40岁、女性、未婚和异性性传播者,需加强立即ART的健康教育工作,进一步提高ART效果。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨沈阳市学生HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗(ART)的影响因素。方法 横断面调查获得2007-2015年沈阳市艾滋病治疗定点医院(中国医科大学附属第一医院)15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者ART相关信息,多因素logistic回归模型探讨ART的影响因素。结果 2007-2015年该医院共收治15~30岁学生HIV/AIDS患者146例,占累计治疗HIV/AIDS患者的6.1%(146/2 379)。患者均为男性,男男性行为传播途径占93.2%(136/146),HIV延迟诊断率[诊断时CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≤ 350个/μl]为52.7%(77/146),患者中ART的构成比为67.1%(98/146)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,HIV诊断年份(aOR=1.21,95%CI:1.02~1.44)、年龄24~30岁(aOR=8.15,95%CI:1.46~45.52)和延迟诊断(aOR=2.22,95%CI:1.05~4.71)是学生HIV/AIDS患者ART的独立影响因素。结论 HIV诊断时间越晚、年龄越大及延迟诊断可能增加学生HIV/AIDS患者的ART比例。。  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析河南省艾滋病感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)抗病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)10年生存状况及影响长期生存的因素。方法 利用国家艾滋病抗病毒治疗数据库,收集河南省2003-2005年接受ART的HIV/AIDS基本情况和治疗随访信息,采用寿命表法和Cox比例风险模型分析生存状况和影响长期生存的危险因素,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2003-2005年开始ART的2 448例HIV/AIDS中,男性占53.5%(1 309/2 448),女性占46.5%(1 139/2 448),40~59岁占70.1%(1 715/2 448),以血液传播为主,占95.5%(2 337/2 448);ART后随访10年,死于艾滋病及相关疾病719例,死亡率为3.78/100人年(719/19 010人年);患者第1、3、5、10年累计生存率为0.94、0.86、0.78、0.69。相对于年龄<40岁组,40~、50~、60~和≥70岁组HR值(95% CI)分别为1.417(0.903~2.222)、1.834(1.174~2.866)、2.422(1.539~3.810)和3.424(2.053~5.709);相对于基线CD4+T淋巴细胞(CD4)>350个/μl,CD4<50、50~199、200~350个/μl的HR值(95% CI)值分别为7.105(5.449~9.264)、4.175(3.249~5.366)和2.214(1.691~2.900);男性相对于女性HR=1.480(95% CI:1.273~1.172)、没有更换二线治疗HR=11.923(95% CI:9.410~15.104)。结论 河南省早期HIV/AIDS接受ART 10年后的累计生存率为0.69,男性、年龄较大、基线CD4水平低、未及时更换二线抗病毒药物为影响其长期生存的危险因素。  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解抗病毒治疗(ART)后死亡的HIV/AIDS病例(死亡病例)生存时间及其相关因素。方法 利用中国艾滋病综合防治信息系统,收集2003年1月至2015年12月接受ART后死亡病例相关信息,采用SPSS 23.0软件和Cox比例风险模型方法,分析死亡病例的生存时间及其相关因素。结果 经ART后共6 267例HIV/AIDS死亡,生存时间M=23.85(QR:6.87~50.46)个月。ART<6个月、7~12个月和13~24个月死亡病例分别为1 441例(23.00%)、652例(10.40%)和1 052例(16.79%),>24个月死亡病例数减少;死亡病例中艾滋病相关死亡5 085例(81.1%),非艾滋病相关死亡799例(12.7%),意外死亡179例(2.9%),自杀死亡109例(1.7%),2003-2015年历年死因构成比差异具有统计学意义(χ2=864.27,P<0.01)。ART后12、36、60和120个月时,病例的生存率分别是66.59%、36.62%、19.24%和0.64%。相比于单采血浆感染途径,性途径感染的病例HR值(95% CI)为1.602(1.483~1.732),相比于基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≥ 350个/μl,CD4<50个/μl的病例HR值(95% CI)为2.320(2.119~2.539),相比于更换二线ART方案,未更换者HR值(95% CI)为3.312(3.083~3.558)。结论 病例的死亡时间主要集中在ART前6个月,随着ART时间的延长,生存率提高,死亡病例数减少。而性途径感染、基线CD4水平低、未更换二线ART方案可能是HIV/AIDS死亡的相关危险因素。  相似文献   

8.
目的 分析1991-2017年四川省HIV/AIDS生存时间及其影响因素。方法 运用回顾性队列研究方法,对全国艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统中1991-2017年四川省新报告的143 988例HIV/AIDS的资料,采用寿命表法计算生存概率,用Cox比例风险模型分析生存时间的影响因素。结果 143 988例HIV/AIDS中,30 420例死于艾滋病及相关疾病(21.1%),平均生存时间为11.51年(95% CI:11.39~11.64);多因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS生存的相关影响因素包括性别(男比女:HR=1.35,95% CI:1.32~1.40)、文化程度(小学及以下比初中及以上:HR=1.15,95% CI:1.12~1.18)、民族(汉族比其他:HR=1.46,95% CI:1.41~1.52)、职业(农民比其他:HR=1.26,95% CI:1.22~1.29)、诊断时年龄(≥ 55岁比15~24岁:HR=3.18,95% CI:3.02~3.36)、诊断时疾病状态(艾滋病比HIV感染:HR=1.44,95% CI:1.39~1.48)、抗病毒治疗(ART)(接受ART者比未接受ART者:HR=0.20,95% CI:0.19~0.20)、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)(>500个/μl比<200个/μl:HR=0.42,95% CI:0.40~0.45)。结论 1991-2017年四川省HIV/AIDS诊断后平均生存时间为11.51年。男性、小学及以下文化程度、汉族、农民、诊断时较大年龄、诊断时为艾滋病状态是HIV/AIDS生存的危险因素,接受ART、首次CD4水平高是HIV/AIDS生存的保护因素。  相似文献   

9.
目的 分析台州市2006-2019年HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学失败情况、基线贫血与免疫学失败关联及其影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究设计和Cox回归分析免疫学失败的影响因素,采用logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS基线贫血的影响因素。结果 共纳入2 904例HIV/AIDS,抗病毒治疗随访时间中位数为28(P25P75:12~53)个月。抗病毒治疗免疫学失败177例(占6.1%),失败率为2.17人/100人年,第1、3、5和10年免疫学失败累积发生率分别为5.49%、6.94%、7.30%和8.82%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS基线贫血的影响因素中,≥66岁组是18~25岁组的4.17倍(95% CI:1.68~10.33)、男性是女性的0.67倍(95% CI:0.50~0.89)、CD4<200个/μl是CD4≥350个/μl的4.35倍(95% CI:2.81~6.72)、基线白细胞计数<4.0×109/L是4.0×109/L~9.9×109/L的1.73倍(95% CI:1.31~2.29)、基线血小板计数<100×109/L和>300×109/L分别是100×109/L~299×109/L的2.02倍(95% CI:1.36~3.01)和4.45倍(95% CI:3.05~6.50)、WHO临床Ⅲ/Ⅳ期是Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的2.15倍(95% CI:1.61~2.87)、异性性传播是同性性传播的2.03倍(95% CI:1.42~2.92)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学失败的影响因素中,基线贫血是无贫血的1.77倍(95% CI:1.20~2.60)、WHO临床Ⅲ/Ⅳ期是Ⅰ/Ⅱ期的1.66倍(95% CI:1.10~2.48)、随访状态为退出和死亡分别是在治的3.18倍(95% CI:1.96~5.19)和4.61倍(95% CI:2.98~7.13)。结论 台州市HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗免疫学效果受贫血、临床分期、随访状态等因素影响。应加强HIV/AIDS基线贫血监测,及时纠正老年贫血等危险因素,以进一步提高抗病毒治疗效果。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解山东省抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS的生存状况及影响因素。方法 运用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)法及累积发生函数(CIF)估算2003-2015年山东省抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS的艾滋病相关死亡发生率、部分分布比例风险回归模型(F-G模型)分析生存状况及影响因素。结果 竞争风险存在时,K-M法计算艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率高于CIF。CIF估算5 593例治疗HIV/AIDS随访1、3、5、10年艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率分别为3.08%、4.21%、5.37%和7.59%。大专及以上文化程度(HR=0.40,95% CI:0.24~0.65)HIV/AIDS的艾滋病相关死亡发生危险较低,现住址在鲁西地区(HR=1.33,95% CI:1.01~1.89)、医疗机构检测发现(HR=1.39,95% CI:1.06~1.80)、治疗基线方案含NVP(HR=1.36,95% CI:1.03~1.88)、治疗基线临床症状Ⅲ/Ⅳ期(HR=2.61,95% CI:1.94~3.53)、诊断1年后接受随访(HR=2.02,95% CI:1.30~3.15)、诊断基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数(CD4)≤ 200个/μl(HR=3.41,95% CI:2.59~4.59)、治疗基线CD4 ≤ 350个/μl(HR=5.48,95% CI:2.32~12.72)的HIV/AIDS发生艾滋病相关死亡风险高。结论 竞争风险存在时,K-M法高估艾滋病相关死亡累积发生率,优选竞争风险模型进行生存分析;早诊断、及时随访、早治疗可降低HIV/AIDS艾滋病相关死亡。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

13.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

16.
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.  相似文献   

17.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

18.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

19.
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.  相似文献   

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