冬虫夏草治疗肾毒性急性肾功能衰竭

本实验在以往整体动物模型研究的基础上，从离体肾灌注角度探讨虫草对卡那霉素所致大鼠ＡＲＦ肾功能及代谢的影响。实验分成：ＡＲＦ组（ＡＲＦ第二天ＩＰＫ），虫草组，异搏定组和对照组（均于ＡＲＦ第６天作ＩＰＫ）。实验结果表明：（１）ＡＲＦ高峰期离体灌注肾氧量，尿量，肾小球滤过率明显下降，肾小管钠离子，钾离子重吸收功能严重受损；（２）与钙离子拮抗剂治疗组及对照组相比，冬虫夏草治疗可以提高离体灌注肾耗氧量，促进     

Role of phospholipase A in multiorgan failure with special reference to ARDS and acute renal failure (ARF)

Summary In 150 patients admitted to an ICU phospholipase A serum activity was measured daily. The correlation between the increase of phospholipase A serum activity and the severity of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF), two important target systems in multiple organ failure (MOF) syndrome was studied as well as the efficacy of a treatment with phospholipase A inhibitors (methylprednisolone and dexamethasone). The results of this study show that there exists a statistically significant correlation between the increase of phospholipase A activity and the incidence of multiple organ failure. Inhibitory treatment ameliorates the organ function for a short time without any change of long-term outcome. The results could not clarify whether the rise of the mother enzyme of the arachidonic acid metabolism is only an epiphenomenon of multiple organ failure or the causative agent itself.     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

Plasma renin activity in folic acid induced acute renal failure

Summary Peripheral plasma renin activity in acute renal failure induced in rats by a single i.v. injection of folic acid (250 mg/kg b. w., dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO₃) remained normal during the first 6 hours and fell to low levels 24 hours and 4 days following the injection. Bleeding, however, induced a considerable increase of plasma renin activity on the 4th day after folate injection. There was no evidence of a participation of renin in the development of the functional and morphological renal disturbances produced by folic acid.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

老年急性肾功能衰竭的特点

目的：老年急性肾功能衰竭（Acute renal failure,ARF）随着老年化的进程而逐年上升,且病情复杂,并发症多见,预后险恶。由于老年肾脏结构功能的退行性变及其机体整体功能的下降,致使老年急性肾功能衰竭有其自身的特点,现就此作一综述。     

Folic acid binding protein in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Folic acid binding protein was estimated in the serum of 94 control subjects and a normal range was established. Raised levels were found in folate deficiency and chronic myeloid leukaemia. Considerably raised levels were found in untreated acute myeloid leukaemia, most often in cases with a marked monocytic element.     

Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure

Clinical and experimental studies on the development of myoglobinuria-associated acute renal failure (ARF) were reviewed. ARF developed in 30% of the cases of rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF accounted for 5-10% of all ARF. The presence of dehydration or hypotension at the presentation of rhabdomyolysis seems to be a risk factor in the development of rhabdomyolysis-associated ARF. ARF occurred more frequently in the rhabdomyolysis caused by sepsis or burns. Glycerol-induced ARF in rats or rabbits has been studied to investigate the pathogenesis of myoglobinuria-associated ARF. The early decrease in inulin clearance (Cin) in glycerol-induced ARF was dependent upon the decrease in renal blood flow, but the decrease in Cin in the late phase could not be attributed to the decrease in renal blood flow. Diminished glomerular permeability and cast formation might play important roles in the decrease in Cin in the late phase of glycerol-induced ARF.     

短暂肾缺血建立急性肾功能衰竭动物模型

目的:建立更加符合临床实际的以肾血流减少为特征的急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)动物模型。方法:家兔双侧肾动脉不完全结扎造成肾缺血,20 min后恢复肾血流。检测动物在肾动脉不完全结扎前、后及恢复血流后的尿量、血清肌酐、电解质、血气分析并做肾脏病理学检查。结果:肾血流减少后,动物尿量明显减少,而血清肌酐水平显著升高;同期血清钾水平升高,pH降低,HCO3-及BE明显减少。恢复肾血流后尿量增多并逐步趋向正常;至恢复血流1 h时血清肌酐水平已降至正常,但代谢性酸中毒持续发展,血清钾水平降低后又有所回升。缺血20 min及恢复血流1 h和5 h的兔肾病理检查无明显改变。结论:双侧肾动脉不完全结扎法复制出的动物模型具有ARF的多重表现和功能性ARF的特点,体现了肾血流因素在ARF发生及治疗方面的临床意义,可供教学和科研参考。     

Hemofiltration in myoglobinuric acute renal failure

The frequency of myoglobinuric renal failure is estimated between 8 and 20%. Despite early onset of therapy often the use of renal substitution by hemodialysis or hemofiltration is required. This study of the clinical course of nine patients with myoglobinuric acute renal failure reveals continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration (CAVH) to have an effective clearance for myoglobin. Thus, the time until recovery of renal function as well as the frequency of secondary complications in rhabdomyolysis induced acute renal failure can be distinctly reduced.