超声弹性成像应变率比值法在甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中的临床应用

目的：探讨超声弹性成像应变率比值法在甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法对117例甲状腺结节疾病患者的154个结节分别采用超声弹性应变率比值法和弹性分级法检测,与病理检查结果进行比较,计算两种检查方法的诊断敏感性、特异性及诊断符合率。结果154个结节中有94个良性病灶和60个恶性病灶,良性病灶中结节性甲状腺肿结节62个,甲状腺嗜酸性细胞瘤7个,甲状腺腺瘤22个,亚急性甲状腺炎3个;0～Ⅱ级74个,Ⅲ级16个,Ⅳ级4个。恶性病灶中乳头状癌48个,滤泡状癌7个,髓样癌5个;0～Ⅱ级16个,Ⅲ级20个,Ⅳ级24个。超声弹性应变率比值法对甲状腺良、恶性结节的诊断敏感性、特异性及诊断符合率均明显高于弹性分级法（P<0.05）。结论超声弹性成像应变率比值法对甲状腺良、恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值明显优于弹性分级法。     

弹性应变率在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用进展

甲状腺结节是临床常见的甲状腺疾病,常规二维甲状腺超声检查约50%的受检者可以发现甲状腺结节,其中约9.2%～14.8%细针穿刺结果为恶性,而临床确诊的甲状腺结节中约5%为恶性。研究表明,常规超声在评价甲状腺结节时有一定的主观性,病变特性在观察者之间无显著的一致性[4],其对结节的良恶性鉴别诊断率则更低,约29.0%～59.2%[5],且甲状腺微小结节更容易漏诊。超声弹性成像是近年来医学超声领域的一种新的具体而客观的技术方法,其能够提供组织弹性这一基本力学属性,是对常规超声进行甲状腺结节良恶性进行鉴别的一种很好的补充,可提高鉴别诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感性、特异度和准确性[6]。超声弹性成像主要有弹性评分法和弹性应变率比值法,弹性评分法已广泛应用于临床,弹性应变率比值作为超声弹性成像量化参数,其相关应用报道目前尚不多见,本文就弹性应变率在鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性中的应用进行综述。     

弹性成像比值法与萤火虫联合应用在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的价值

目的应用弹性成像（ultrasonic elastography,UE）应变比值法（Strain ratio,SR）与萤火虫成像（Micropure）联合应用鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节,及与其它方法相比较,探讨其在发现甲状腺恶性结节中的价值。方法回顾性分析甲状腺结节210例常规超声,Micropure和UE检查,并与患者手术后病理结果相对照。绘制SR值在诊断甲状腺恶性结节的受试者工作特性曲线（receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC）,确定最佳诊断界值。计算出三种检查方法中的单一指标和较有意义的几个联合指标在诊断甲状腺恶性结节中的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）。比较各组间的差异,Pd0．05差异有统计学意义。结果UE比值法与Micropure联合在诊断甲状腺恶性结节中的灵敏度、特异度最高,分别为93．1％、95．6％。结论UE比值法与Micropure联合应用在甲状腺恶性结节的诊断中具有一定价值。     

超声弹性应变率比值法与弹性分级法在甲状腺占位性病变诊断中的比较研究

目的：比较超声弹性成像应变率比值法及弹性成像分级法对良、恶性甲状腺占位性病灶的鉴别诊断价值。方法：对手术病理证实的129个甲状腺占位性病变的超声弹性图像进行回顾性分析,对弹性分级法及弹性应变率比值法分别用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评价其诊断价值,并比较两种方法的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果：超声弹性应变率比值法及弹性评分法判断甲状腺占位性病灶的ROC曲线下面积（Az）分别为：0.972和0.938,差异无统计学意义（Z=0.904,P〉0.05）;二者判断甲状腺良、恶性病灶的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为81.0%、91.7%、89.9%和81.0%、88.0%、86.8%,二者比较敏感性、特异性、准确性差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：超声弹性应变率比值法作为一种半定量的评价方法相对更加客观,并且同弹性分级法一样,是一种有效的鉴别诊断甲状腺良、恶性病灶的影像学检查方法。     

经皮微波消融治疗甲状腺良性结节吸收率影响因素分析

目的 探讨甲状腺良性结节微波消融（MWA）后结节吸收率,分析与结节吸收率相关的内部因素（结节超声表现）和外部因素（治疗相关表现）。方法 评估2016年1月至2018年1月期间接受MWA治疗的173例患者的173个甲状腺良性结节,中位体积4.23(2.27～9.00) mL。以第二年随访为终点,根据结节体积缩小特征,分为不完全吸收组（<100%体积缩小率）和完全吸收组（100%体积缩小率）。分析MWA后影响结节体积缩小的内部因素和外部因素。结果 几乎所有结节在MWA后体积明显缩小,73个结节在MWA后24个月达到100%体积缩减,即吸收率100%。随访1、6、12和24个月时,所有甲状腺良性结节的体积缩小率分别为18.0%, 78.7%, 89.0%, 94.5%。多因素分析显示,结节体积[校正后OR(AOR)=1.1,95%CI:1.0～1.2,P=0.04]、结节边缘（AOR=4.4,95%CI:1.4～13.8,P=0.01）、结节单位体积消融能量（AOR=1.0,95%CI:1.0～1.0, P<0.01）和结节外周血流阻塞（AOR=2.9,95%CI:1.1～7.4...     

超声弹性成像在甲状腺结节中的诊断价值

目的探讨超声弹性成像技术在甲状腺结节诊断中的价值。方法选择我院患者108例145个结节性病灶,分别进行常规超声检查及超声弹性成像检查,以病理诊断结果为标准进行对照分析。结果超声弹性成像法诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测率、阴性预测率分别为83.3%、96.3%、88.2%、94.6%。结论超声弹性成像技术在诊断甲状腺结节的良恶性方面有重要价值。     

超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺结节的价值

目的: 探讨超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺结节性疾病的价值.材料和方法: 分析68例共116个甲状腺结节的纵、横切面超声弹性图,按弹性硬度将其分为5级,以0～II级作为判断甲状腺良性结节的诊断标准,III～IV级作为判断甲状腺恶性结节的诊断标准,并与病理结果对照.结果: 超声弹性图纵切面的诊断敏感性为100%,特异性为73.3%,准确性为76.8%;横切面的诊断敏感性为100%,特异性为72.3%,准确性为75.9%.纵、横切面鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论: 超声弹性成像对甲状腺结节的诊断有较大的应用价值,综合常规超声表现有助于提高诊断的信心.     

超声弹性应变率比值在颈部淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的：探讨超声弹性应变率比值在颈部淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法分析70例70个经穿刺病理证实的恶性淋巴结超声弹性图像以及66例66个健康志愿者的颈部淋巴结超声弹性图像,计算所观察淋巴结与同等深度周边正常软组织的弹性应变率比值（strain rate）。构建受试者应用曲线,建立最佳截断值。结果136个颈部淋巴结中,恶性70个,良性66个。恶性结节应变率比值均值为2．53±0．82,良性淋巴结应变率比值的均值为1．08±0．49。两者差别有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。构建 ROC曲线分析得出,以1．950为诊断的最佳临界点,对应的曲线下面积为0.918,以1．950为弹性成像应变率比值临界点判断颈部淋巴结良恶性的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为77．0％、97.0％、86．8％。结论超声弹性应变率比值在颈部淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断中有较高的诊断应用价值。     

超声弹性成像在甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨超声弹性成像在甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中的价值。方法依据术后病理检查结果,将152个甲状腺结节分为良性和恶性,分析比较2组间的常规超声特征与超声弹性成像特征。结果良性甲状腺结节104个,恶性甲状腺结节48个。与良性甲状腺结节相比,恶性甲状腺结节常规超声特征多为形态不规则、边界不清、结节内有钙化、纵横比＞1,而超声弹性成像分级多位于Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。超声弹性分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级诊断甲状腺恶性结节的敏感性和特异性分别为85.57%和79.17%。结论超声弹性成像在鉴别甲状腺结节性质方面有较高的临床应用价值。     

超声弹性成像分级法及评分法在甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 探讨超声弹性成像分级法及评分法在甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取106例甲状腺结节患者,分别进行二维超声TI-RADS分类评分、超声弹性成像分级评分、以及联合评分诊断,构建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析各自诊断效能.结果 二维超声评分、超声弹性成像评级评分、及联合诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.83...     

弹性应变率比值法对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨弹性应变率比值法对甲状腺癌的诊断价值。方法:对190例患者的211个甲状腺结节分别行常规超声和弹性超声检查,测量结节周围正常甲状腺组织与结节间的弹性应变率比值(E2/E1),并将结果与术后病理结果进行比较。结果:弹性应变率比值法诊断甲状腺癌的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.902(95%CI,0.862~0.942);良性结节的E2/E1均值为0.59±0.17,甲状腺癌的E2/E1均值为0.31±0.10,两者间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。超声弹性应变率比值法与常规超声对甲状腺癌的检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但联合应用两法较单独应用弹性应变率法敏感性显著提高(P0.05)。结论:超声弹性应变率比值法作为一项相对客观的诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的半定量指标,具有较高的诊断准确性,与常规超声联合应用可提高甲状腺癌的检出率。     

Additional value of qualitative strain ultrasound elastography and strain ratio in predicting thyroid malignancy

Objective

To detect if strain ultrasound elastography and strain ratio have additional value to the conventional grey scale ultrasound in predicting thyroid malignancy.

Comparison of strain ratio with elastography score system in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules

BackgroundTo prospectively compare strain ratio to elastography score system in distinguishing between malignant and benign thyroid nodules.MethodsThe local institutional review board approved the study, and all patients provided written informed consent. We examined 168 thyroid nodules (52 malignant and 116 benign) with freehand elastography. The elastogram was performed with both the five-degree elastography score system and thyroid tissue-to-nodule strain ratio before core biopsies as standard reference. The area under the curve (AUC) and the best cut-off point were both obtained using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both techniques were compared with the χ² test. Furthermore, strain ratio distribution was also compared with histopathological result. P<.05 was considered to indicate significance.ResultsThe strain ratio distribution of malignant thyroid nodules significantly differed from that of benign nodules (all P<.001). The AUC of strain ratio was higher than that of the elastography score system (0.907 vs. 0.829; P<.05). By applying the best cut-off point of 3.855 for strain ratio and 3.5 for the elastography score system, strain ratio had significantly higher specificity (P<.05) in detecting malignant thyroid nodules. However, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity in distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones between strain ratio and the elastography score system (P>.05).ConclusionStrain ratio is more specific than conventional elastography score system in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules.     

甲状腺微小癌合并结节性甲状腺肿的彩超弹性成像及应变率值的临床价值

目的 探讨彩超弹性成像及应变率比值（strain ratio,SR）在甲状腺微小癌（thyroid microcarcinoma,TMC）合并结节性甲状腺肿的临床诊断价值.方法 搜集我院自2010年8月～2013年10月,28例经手术证实TMC患者的35个甲状腺结节的彩超弹性成像特征及SR与病理结果进行对比.结果 28例患者中35个甲状腺结节弹性评分：1分的0个;2分2个～3分的4个,二者占17.1％,均为结节性甲状腺肿结节,呈略低回声,边界较清晰、规则,有声晕,血运不丰富;SR平均2.3;4分22个～5分7个,二者占82.9％;其中甲状腺乳头状癌结节27个,呈略低回声,边界不甚清晰,不规则,后方略衰减;髓样癌结节1个,较低回声,边界欠清晰,不规则;SR均≥3.8.结节性甲状腺肿结节1个,略低回声,边界较清晰;SR＞3.9.彩超弹性成像及SR诊断TMC合并结节性甲状腺肿的敏感性96.5％,特异性85.7％,准确率91.5％.结论 彩超弹性成像及SR对TMC合并结节性甲状腺肿的诊断有较高的临床价值.     

探讨超声弹性成像对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断的应用价值

目的:研究超声弹性成像在鉴别甲状腺良、恶性结节临床诊断中的应用价值。方法:对术前52例(93个)甲状腺结节进行常规二维、彩色多普勒超声及弹性成像检查,对弹性成像进行分析,并与病理结果进行对照。结果:93个甲状腺结节中,良性结节64个,恶性结节29个。其良性结节中,47个结节评为1～2分,恶性结节中,27个结节评为4～5分,两组弹性成像评分比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。其诊断恶性结节的敏感性87.10%、特异性96.77%、准确性93.55%。结论:超声弹性成像对鉴别甲状腺良恶性病变提供很大的帮助。     

超声弹性成像与常规超声检查甲状腺结节的临床价值分析

目的：探讨超声弹性成像对常规超声可疑恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断作用。方法对常规超声与超声弹性成像对可疑恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断。结果本组32例患者均经手术病理证实,其中甲状腺乳头状癌21例,甲状腺腺瘤9例,甲状腺滤泡癌2例。32例患者均为单发实性低回声病灶,其中13例患者的病灶内可见点状钙化,1例患者伴有粗大钙化,10例患者的二维超声显示边缘不规则,11例周边存在声晕;彩色能量多普勒超声显示血流丰富程度为：血流Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型11例。以低回声、点状钙化、存在声晕、C PD血流丰富作为恶性提示指标,研究结果显示常规二维和C PD检查为恶性21例,其中与手术病理诊断一致17例;经统计,常规二维和C PD联合检查的灵敏性为73．91％,特异性为55．56％,准确性为68．75％。结论超声弹性成像是一种无创评价组织弹性的显像方式,对经常规超声检查可疑恶性的甲状腺单发实性小结节的进一步鉴别诊断有很大的帮助。     

The clinical value of ultrasound elastography in predicting malignant thyroid nodules

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound elastography (USE) in providing information on the nature of the thyroid nodules. This was performed using the elastography score and strain ratio in differentiating thyroid benign and malignant nodules and the histopathological examination was used as the diagnostic standard of reference.

Methods

We examined 84 thyroid nodules in 62 patients with ultrasound elastography. Elastography score was assigned based on a four-point scale according to the classification proposed by Itoh et al. with a score of 1 (low stiffness over the entire nodule) to a score of 4 (high stiffness over the entire nodule). Thyroid strain ratio (normal tissue to lesion strain ratio) was calculated. Histopathological results were the standard reference. The area under the curve (AUC) and the best cut-off point were both obtained using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both techniques were calculated.

Results

Fifty-four of the 84 nodules had scores of 1 and 2, and 50 of these nodules were diagnosed histopathologically as benign. Thirty of the 84 nodules had a score of 3 and 4, and 21 of these nodules were diagnosed histopathologically as malignant. The scores of 1 and 2 with Itoh criteria were significantly seen in benign nodules, whereas, scores of 3 and 4 were significantly seen in malignant nodules (p < 0.05) with sensitivity 84%, specificity 84.7%, PPV 70%, NPV 92.6% and accuracy 84.5%. The mean SR for the benign nodules and malignant ones was significantly different (2.92 ± 0.96 vs. 4.53 ± 0.82, p < 0.001). With ROC analysis, the best cut-off strain ratio point was 3.5 for differentiating benign and malignant nodules with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.87 (0.8–0.95). The sensitivity of the strain ratio was 88%, while the specificity was 86.4%, PPV = 73.3%, NPV = 94.4% and accuracy = 86.9%.

Conclusions

Both the elastographic score and strain ratio are higher in malignant nodules than those in benign ones. Ultrasound elastography can provide quantitative information on thyroid nodule helping in differentiating benign and malignant ones.     

The value of ultrasound elastography in differentiation of malignancy in thyroid nodules

We aimed to determine the value of ultrasound elastography (US-E) using carotid artery pulsation in differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. One hundred ten nodules were evaluated by US-E, and stiffness scores were compared to biopsy results. When cutoff for malignancy was determined as score 4, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 95%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. We suggest fine needle aspiration biopsy to be performed in all score 4 nodules, while biopsy may be unnecessary in score 1 nodules. Benign biopsy result in a score 4 nodule should suggest radiological–pathological disagreement, and repeat biopsy should be recommended.